Planting techniques of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Chrysanthemum morifolium is a perennial herb of Compositae. The florescence lasts from November to May of the following year. Head, mostly clustered, with red, pink, white, blue, purple and other colors and with a variety of rings or spots, but also the difference between single and double. Melon leaf chrysanthemum leaves thick fresh green, set off with colorful flowers, appears magnificent, bright. Usually used as potted flowers, it can also be used to plant flower beds and cut flowers in early spring.

1. Pre-broadcast preparation

First of all, the sowing soil should be crushed (take peat soil as an example) to prepare a seedling plate, load the peat evenly into the seedling plate, scrape it flat with a stick, and spray water with a spray can.

2. Sowing and dividing seedlings

First of all, the seeding bed should take measures to shade the sun, prevent rain and cool down. Each gram of seed is sown on the surface of the soil and is shallowly covered with a thin layer of soil about 0.5 cm after sowing. Before and after emergence, the soil surface was kept moist, the temperature was controlled at about 25 ℃, and the humidity was controlled at about 60%. About 40 days after emergence, it is necessary to divide the seedlings, the planting density is 12 × 12 cm, shading for about 10 days, and fully watered at one time.

3. Upper basin

One month after the seedling was divided, the basin was made of plastic basin or mud tile basin with a diameter of 18 cm. The proportion of nutritious soil is 6 parts of sandy loam, 3 parts of sawdust or rice husk ash and 1 part of cake fertilizer, which should be prepared one month before potting. After potting, the lateral buds of the basal 3-4 nodes of the melon leaf chrysanthemum should be erased at any time, so as to reduce the consumption of nutrients and avoid excessive congestion of branches and leaves, so as to concentrate more nutrients for the growth of the upper flower branches.

If the seedlings are sown in an open seedling tray, it is best to transplant them with 72 or 128 hole trays when there are 3 true leaves in 2 Mel. When it grows to 6 Mel 7 true leaves, it can be transplanted into the basin of 13-15cm caliber directly. Most of the potted flowers used to supply the market before the Spring Festival are kept indoors, so red or white plastic pots are mostly used.

After sowing, put the sowing pot in a cool and ventilated environment. After about 20 days, the seedlings can grow 2-3 true leaves. At this time, the first transplant should be carried out, that is, pseudo-planting. Wide-mouth tile basin can be selected for transplantation. The basin soil is made of 3 parts of rotten leaf soil, 2 parts of loam soil and 1 part of sandy soil. The seedlings are sown in the shallow pot, the row spacing is 3cm × 3cm, and there are many living soil in the roots to facilitate survival.

After transplanting, the melon leaf chrysanthemum was watered thoroughly with a fine-hole spray kettle. The seedlings could not be washed down or the soil from the roots of the seedlings could not be washed away. The new high-fat film was sprayed to shorten the slow seedling rate. After watering, put the seedlings in a cool place, keep the soil moist, slow the seedlings for a week before putting them in the sun and continue to grow. Soybean cake juice or cow dung juice could be applied every 1-2 weeks after slow seedling, and the concentration increased gradually. Seedlings should be kept cool, and 7-8 ℃ at room temperature is better for squatting seedlings. If the room temperature is more than 15 ℃, it will grow too much and affect flowering.

When the true leaves of the seedlings grow to 5-7, the seedlings should be finally planted. Melon leaf chrysanthemum likes fertilizer, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied when planting, and rotten leaf soil and garden soil plus cake scraps are better for basin soil. According to the relevant data, it is reported that the potted soil mixed with 60 parts of rotten leaf soil plus 30 parts of garden soil, 6 parts of cake fertilizer powder and 4 parts of bone powder has a good effect. The basin with diameter of 12~17cm was made from 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 3 parts of loam soil and 1 part of sandy soil, and bean cake, bone meal or calcium superphosphate were used as base fertilizer. When planting, you should pay attention to planting the plant in the middle of the flowerpot to keep the plant straight, pour enough water in a cool place, and give full light after survival.

Melon leaf chrysanthemum likes sunshine during the growing period and should not be shaded. Turn the flowerpot regularly so that the branches and leaves receive light evenly and the plant shape is straight and unskewed. Liquid fertilizer was applied once every semimonthly. 2 weeks before flower bud differentiation, fertilization was stopped and irrigation was reduced. Under the condition of slightly dry condition, the flowering rate was higher. The most suitable temperature at flowering stage is 10-15 ℃, and the overwintering temperature is above 8 ℃. After flower wilting, the plant still needs moderate light to adapt to seed development.

The seeds of Chrysanthemum morifolium are easy to mature from March to April, and the seeds of each head are generally matured in batches from outside to inside. Leave the planting plants in the hot noon before and after moderate shade, otherwise the fruit is poor. After maturing, the seeds are picked and dried in sunny days and stored. Seed storage should be marked with varieties to avoid confusion. It takes 3-4 months for early flowering varieties of melon and leaf chrysanthemum from sowing seedlings to flowering. Zhuangtiling is sprayed at the bud stage, the flower color is bright, and the flowering period is prolonged. It takes 6-7 months for middle-flowering varieties and more than 8 months for late-flowering varieties.

How to avoid melon, leaf, chrysanthemum and leafy flowers?

① suitable temperature. Chrysanthemum morifolium needs to be cultured in greenhouse in winter, and the temperature should be kept at 10 ℃ at night and 15 ℃ during the day. Plants with more than 15 ℃ are easy to grow, leaves are luxuriant and flowers are few.

② has sufficient light and good ventilation. Melon leaf chrysanthemum is light-loving, so it should be placed in a place with sufficient light and good ventilation in order to benefit its growth and bud pregnancy.

③ fertilization and watering should be based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during flower bud differentiation and bud stage, and stop fertilization when flower buds appear. Melon and leaf chrysanthemum should not be watered too much, otherwise higher temperature will lead to excessive growth of branches and leaves.

Time: 2019-05-25 Click: