Control and management of diseases and insect pests of 11 common indoor foliage plants

Potted plants can decorate the home, at the same time can bring people a good mood, if the home did not raise one or two pots of foliage plants, there will always be less taste of home. In the process of cultivating these common Chinese herbs, it is inevitable to encounter their diseases and insect pests. Below, Huacao Le introduces to you the pest control methods of common flowers and plants.

Control and management of diseases and insect pests of 11 common indoor foliage plants

1. Asparagus

Asparagus is a very high ornamental plant, can be placed in the living room, study, purify the air at the same time also add bookish flavor. Root medicine can treat acute tracheitis and has the function of moistening the lung and relieving cough.

Control of common diseases and pests of asparagus

● leaf blight

Leaf blight is easy to occur when the humidity is too high and poor ventilation, so we should appropriately reduce the air humidity and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. After the onset of the disease, Ding sprayed 200 times Bordeaux solution, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times 600 times solution, or sprayed 50% topiramine wettable powder 1000 times solution for prevention and treatment.

● is prone to shell insects, aphids and other pests in summer, which can be sprayed with 1000 times of omethoate.

2. Tortoise back bamboo

Tortoise back bamboo leaf shape is strange, hole crack, very much like the turtle back, perennial green, very shade-tolerant, is a famous indoor large pot foliage plant. The adsorption amount of formaldehyde by a tortoise back bamboo is similar to that of 10g coconut charcoal, which is helpful to purify the indoor air.

Control of common diseases and pests of tortoise back bamboo

● leaf spot

It is a common disease of tortoise back bamboo. It is mainly harmful leaves, and the leaves are easy to fall off after being damaged.

Prevention and treatment: put it in a ventilated and bright place to promote ventilation and light, and reduce the incidence of disease. Spray with 65% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times in time after occurrence.

● gray spot pain

Prevention and control measures: same leaf spot.

● scale

It is a common pest to carry bamboo for turtles. It mainly harms petioles and leaves.

Prevention and control measures:

1) when taking care of the family, you can gently brush it off with a toothbrush.

2) when the occurrence is large, it can be sprayed with 40% omethoate EC 1000 times in the nymph stage.

3. One-leaf orchid

The one-leaf orchid is tall and straight in shape and bright green in color. It has strong growth, strong adaptability and strong shade tolerance. It is an excellent shade-loving foliage plant for indoor greening and decoration.

Prevention and control of common diseases and pests in Cymbidium chinense

● anthracnose

Symptom characteristic: the disease spot on the leaf of one leaf orchid mostly occurs in the leaf edge or leaf surface. The lesion is nearly round, grayish white to grayish brown, the outer edge is yellowish brown or reddish brown, and there are small black dots arranged in a wheel in the later stage. In addition to leaves, petioles and stems are also infected, resulting in long streak spots.

Prevention and control measures:

The main results are as follows: 1) the diseased leaves were cut off and burned in time to reduce the source of infection.

2) before the rainy season, spray 50% Shi Baig or Baogong wettable powder 1000 times liquid, 25% carbon tetralin wettable powder liquid. Once every 10 days, prevention and control 3 times 4 times.

3) spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 300 times of double-effect micro-fertilizer when necessary is beneficial to enhance disease resistance.

● gray mold

Symptoms: it often occurs at the edge of the leaf. Waterlogged disease spots began to appear from the leaf edge, and the disease spots expanded rapidly when the humidity was high, resulting in irregular withering of the leaf margin, and generally no gray mildew layer was seen. But after continuous overcast and rain, the humidity is high, the duration is long, and sparse gray mold can grow.

Prevention and control measures:

1) careful maintenance. Choose the semi-shade environment with moist and good drainage. Cymbidium is a shade-tolerant plant, the light should not be too strong, otherwise it will cause leaf yellowing or disease. Too much irrigation, especially in winter, can lead to root rot and leaf yellowing.

2) if sporadic diseased plants are found, 1000 times of 65% metformin wettable powder or 1500 times of 50% chlorpromazine wettable powder, 50% prohydantoin wettable powder and 50% nonglidine wettable powder can be sprayed 1000 times.

3) the leaf orchid maintained in the greenhouse can increase the night temperature of the shed, increase the ventilation time during the day, and reduce the humidity and fog duration in the shed, so as to achieve the purpose of disease control.

● leaf spot

Cymbidium leaf spot is also known as black spot, brown spot and so on. First of all, black spots appear in the middle of the leaves, and then the leaves turn yellow and fall off. The causes are mostly caused by muggy, unventilated and humid environment.

Prevention and control measures:

Attention should be paid to the improvement of environmental conditions, and the damaged leaves can be removed and burned at the beginning of the disease. 1% Bordeaux solution can be sprayed for control, once every 7 days, a total of 5 times during the whole growth period, or 1000 times of 50% carbendazim.

4. Pocket coconut

Pocket coconut is shade-resistant, so it is very suitable for indoor small and medium-sized potted plants, desk desktops, treasures for the stage, but also suitable for hanging indoor, decorative space, can add tropical atmosphere and charm.

Prevention and control of common diseases and pests in pocket coconut

● yellow leaves

Causes of yellowing of pocket coconut leaves:

1) excessive light intensity

Pocket coconuts prefer semi-overcast conditions. when the light is too strong, the leaves will fade or turn yellow, losing their ornamental value.

Solution: keeping the pocket coconut in a place with plenty of astigmatism can not only provide enough light to grow, but also will not cause the leaf yellowing problem caused by excessive light.

2) too little watering

Pocket coconuts like to be moist and need plenty of water. If they are watered too little, the leaves will turn yellow and gradually wither and fall.

Solution: often watering to keep the basin soil moist, when the air is dry in summer and autumn, often spray water to the plant to improve the air humidity of the environment.

3) excessive fertilization

Pocket coconuts do not have high requirements for fertilizer, and fertilizer damage will occur if too much fertilizer is applied, resulting in yellowing of pocket coconut leaves.

Solution: apply liquid fertilizer 1-2 times a month in the growing season of pocket coconut, with little or no fertilization in late autumn and winter.

4) Disease infection

In high temperature season, pocket coconut is easy to be infected by root rot, which will cause the leaves of pocket coconut to turn yellow and wilt, and in serious cases, it will cause plant death.

Solution: pay attention to pocket coconut growth environment ventilation and soil ventilation, when the disease can be sprayed with topiramate and chlorothalonil. [8]

● black spot

Black spot disease is easy to occur in high temperature, humidity and poor ventilation, especially in the peak growth period from April to November, we must pay attention to disease prevention. Once the leaf tip is found to be withered and scorched, it is necessary to spray 50% topurazine or 50% chlorothalonil 800-1000 times liquid to prevent and control it. At the same time, ensure indoor ventilation and cool, breathable, properly increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as plant ash, to promote plant health. The soil should be well drained, not too dry, not too wet, and the basin soil should be kept moist during the growing period to facilitate plant growth and improve disease resistance.

● scale

Dry air and poor ventilation are easy to cause the harm of shell insects, which can be controlled by spraying parathion, dimethoate, trichlorfon and so on.

5. Hanging orchid

Cymbidium is a perennial herb with slender and drooping branches, with small white flowers when the temperature is high in summer or other seasons. the flowers are concentrated at the end of the hanging branches, the stamens are yellow, and the inner young leaves are sometimes purple, which can be watched in pots.

Prevention and control of common diseases of Cymbidium

● scale

According to the occurrence of shell insects, spray during the peak period of nymphs. Therefore, most nymphs do not hatch soon, the body surface has not yet secreted wax, the shell has not been formed, and it is still easy to kill with drugs. Spray every 7-10 days for 2-3 times in a row. Spray with 1000 times of omethoate, 1500 times of malathion, 1000 times of imidophos, 1000 times of 50% dichlorvos, or 3000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin.

● whitefly

Irrigate the roots with 500-800 times of carbendazim wettable powder once a week for 2-3 times.

● aphid

Spray 1500 times omethoate to kill.

● mite

The second is mites in summer and autumn, which needs to be killed with 1000 times triclofenac. Pay attention to ventilation and increase leaf humidity, can reduce the infection of mites.

● root rot

Prevention can use wet powder according to 2-4 grams per square meter for root irrigation, can also be used before or at the initial stage of the disease with 1500-3000 times root irrigation, each plant 200ml solution. When the disease is serious, the diseased plants should be removed and root irrigation should be carried out at the same time.

6. Tiger tail orchid

Tiger tail orchid leaves are firm and upright, with gray-white and dark green tiger-tail stripes on the leaf surface, with many varieties, great changes in plant shape and leaf color, and strong adaptability to the environment, so they are suitable for decorating study, living room and office space for a long time.

Control of common diseases of tiger tail orchid

● bacterial soft rot

After infection, the leaves changed from green to light yellow to grayish yellow, water-immersed soft rot appeared at the base of the stem near the ground, and the injured leaves were easy to reverse in the later stage. The rhizome is infected with disease, showing grass yellow soft rot, and the root is rotten and withered. The roots also died in the form of black rot when they were flooded. Especially in spring and summer, the weather of high temperature and heavy rain and typhoon rain is more serious. The pathogen is caused by bacteria.

Prevention and control measures:

More than 10 ℃ should be kept in winter and spring, watering should be controlled, and high temperature in midsummer should be slightly shaded. The growth period of spring and autumn is prosperous, so we should increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the ability of disease resistance. It is best to choose disease-free soil or burning soil or after thermal sterilization before planting. Diseased leaves should be cut off and burned in time.

At the initial stage of the disease, medical streptomycin sulfate 2000 times solution, 47% Garinon wettable powder solution or 30% green suspension solution can be selected and sprayed every 5-7 days for 2-3 times. [4]

● Fusarium spot

Fusarium spot, also known as leaf spot, is the first round spot found in leaves, which can be enlarged to 12 mm in diameter. Slightly sunken, light reddish brown, with yellowish edges. The disease spot is scattered, spread all over the leaf, and the central part of the spot dries up and falls off, forming a perforation. Several disease spots fuse with each other, and if the leaves are cut around, the disease will die above the disease. The pathogen is semi-known subphylum coccidiomycetes. It is easy to get sick in high temperature and rainy season.

Prevention and control measures:

Reduce soil moisture. At the initial stage of the disease, Bordeaux solution, 53.8% can kill 2000 dry suspension agent 1000 times or 47% Garinon wettable powder 700x solution, spray 2-3 times continuously, every 5-7 days.

● anthracnose

The disease spot begins at the leaf tip or leaf edge, brown, the spot surface shows obvious or inobvious wheel lines, and there are scattered or regular small black spots on the diseased leaves. The pathogen is a subphylum fungus, called Alternaria alternata. The high temperature in the south is favorable for the disease under shady and humid conditions, especially from April to June.

Prevention and control measures:

Cut off the diseased leaves and withered leaves in winter and spring, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and spray 1000 times of 50% anthrax Fumi wettable powder or 75% chlorothalonil 70% tophan wettable powder (1:1) in the early stage of the disease.

● sagittal scale

Adults and nymphs gather twigs and leaves to suck juice, making the leaves turn gray-green or yellow, causing the whole plant to wither.

Prevention and control measures:

In the period of dispersion and transfer of nymphs, the application was the best, the insect had no wax powder and shell, and the resistance was the weakest. 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times or 50% malathion EC 600800 times, 80% dichlorvos EC 800 times, 25% imidophos or Shachongjing or 30% benzophos EC 400600 times, 50% Daofengsan EC 1500 2000 times.

7. Jasper

Jasper leaves are lovely, slightly curled, wide oval or nearly round. Can be potted ornamental, but also has medicinal value, but also can protect against radiation.

Prevention and control of common diseases of Jasper

This kind of disease is less, mainly caused by ringspot virus, the damaged plants are dwarfed and the leaves are twisted, which can be sprayed with the same amount of Bordeaux solution. In addition, root rot disease and scab disease were sprayed with 1000 times of carbendazim wettable powder.

Insect pests are occasionally harmed by scale insects and slugs, which should be prevented and controlled in time.

8. Silver Queen

Silver Queen leaves beautiful, especially shade-resistant, has a unique ability to purify the air, decorated with potted plants in the hall, will feel bright and comfortable.

Prevention and control of common diseases in Queen Silver

The Queen of Silver is dense and poorly ventilated and is vulnerable to scale insects, so prevention should be given priority to. If scale insects occur, 50% marathon emulsion 1000Mel 1500 times can be sprayed once every 7 days, and 2 Mel can be sprayed for 3 times.

9. Evergreen

In addition to potted plants decorating the hall outdoors, Guangdong evergreen can also cut leaves for flower arrangement or decorate the outdoor environment. Using Guangdong evergreen to make foliage bonsai is simple and easy, and can highlight the beauty of nature; according to its extremely shade-resistant characteristics, furnishing room viewing can keep the four seasons green and enduring.

Prevention and control of common diseases and insect pests of evergreen

● leaf spot

The plaque is brown at first, the periphery is water-immersed and faded green, and expands in the shape of a wheel, round to oval, and the edge is brown and gray-white. In the later stage, black-brown mildew spots appeared in the center of the lesion, and turned into a dark-brown mildew layer under wet conditions.

Prevention and control measures:

Timely removal of diseased and residual leaves; in the early or later stages of the disease, 0.5% of Bordeaux solution (or 50% carbendazim 1000 times) can be sprayed.

● anthracnose

The disease also occurs on the leaves of evergreen and can spread to the petiole in severe cases. In the initial stage, the plaque showed a flooded small macula, and after expansion, it was oval to irregular brown or yellowish brown, slightly rimmed, and in the later stage, the plaque became dry and produced small black spots arranged in wheel patterns.

Prevention and control measures:

Strengthen maintenance and increase the application of phosphorus and potash fertilizer; at the initial stage of the disease, 0.3% Mel 0.5% equal Bordeaux solution (or 60% Dysen zinc 800,900 times, or 70% topiramine 1500 times) can be sprayed.

● brown soft scale

This insect has complex feeding habits and can harm many plants, among which evergreen is one of the injured flowers. When brown soft scale harms plants, it is generally clustered on the leaves or tender leaves, sucking plant sap and excreting mucus at the same time. Its excretion can easily cause a large number of coal fouling bacteria to multiply, blacken stems and leaves, affect plant photosynthesis, and cause weak growth potential. Leaves withered and yellow, hindering viewing. When the occurrence is serious, the branches and stems are covered with insect bodies, resulting in the withering and yellowing of the plant and affecting the growth.

Prevention and control measures:

1) if there are few damaged plants or a small number of insects, the insect can be scraped off with bamboo slices and other things.

2) during the nymph incubation period, 40% dimethoate EC 1000 times (or 40% omethoate EC 1000 times) can be sprayed, and 1000 times of imidophos EC can be sprayed.

10. Green pineapple

Green pineapple is alive when it comes to water. Because of its tenacious vitality, it is called "the flower of life". Green Luo flower language is "watch happiness", put one or two pots of green apple at home, bright colors, very vibrant, not only can decorate the room, but also can purify the air.

Control of common diseases of green pineapple

● anthracnose

The pathogen often harms the middle part of leaves as well as flowers. At the beginning, wet reddish-brown or dark-brown pustular spots appeared in the disease, and there was a faded green halo around the spots. after enlargement, there were long oval or strip-shaped patches, dark brown on the edge, yellowish brown on the inside, and ringlike markings converged by dark spots. Because of its black and brown spots, it is also known as black spot or black brown disease. The plant can be repeatedly infected during the growing period.

Prevention and control measures:

1) there are many pesticides that can control anthracnose, such as mancozeb, carbendazim, topurazine, carbendazim and so on.

2) the 1500-fold solution of "Shibao Gong" made in Germany is a specific drug for the treatment of anthrax.

● root rot

During the onset period, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times or 5% carbofuran granules can be used, and roots can be irrigated.

● leaf spot

Remove the diseased leaves and pay attention to ventilation. It can be sprayed with 95% benzoylammonium 500x solution or 80% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times solution.

11. Rich bamboo

Rich bamboo symbolizes blooming wealth, bamboo peace, good luck, rich life, the name is also from this; and rich bamboo stems and leaves delicate, soft and elegant, very rich bamboo rhyme.

Prevention and Control of Common Diseases and pests of Fugui Bamboo

● anthrax

Anthracnose is a serious disease of rich bamboo in South China. The disease is serious under the conditions of over-sticky soil, airtight, poor drainage, over-dense plants and high temperature and humidity. At the initial stage of the disease, there are grayish-brown disease spots on the leaf tip or leaf edge; the disease spot is irregular or semicircular, the center is gray-white, the edge is dark brown, and there is a yellow halo outside; the wheel pattern on the disease spot is obvious or not obvious, and there are small black spots on it.

Prevention and cure

1) in winter and spring, the disease residue should be removed and burned, and once quicklime should be sprinkled to sterilize and disinfect the soil.

2) improve the permeability of garden, pay attention to clearing ditch and drainage after rain and reduce field humidity, so it is not suitable to apply nitrogen fertilizer.

3) to control the disease by spraying 25% trimethoprim wettable powder 500 times, or 60% Fu wettable powder 1000 times, or 60% Baogong wettable powder 1000 times, or 69% Anke manganese zinc 75% chlorothalonil (1:1) 1500 times, spray 3 times 4 times, once every 10 days.

● stem rot

The occurrence of stem rot causes the death of rich bamboo and reduces the ornamental quality. From May to September, high temperature and high humidity occurred more frequently, mainly for damage to leaves and stems. The leaves at the base of the stem of the seedlings yellowed; the base of the stem rotted, yellowed and softened; the inside of the stem turned red; the pathogen gradually damaged upward from the lower incision.

Prevention and control measures:

1) cultivate strong and tissue-rich plants and seedlings; remove diseased plants and burn them centrally; open deep drainage ditches and plant them at a height of 25 cm.

2) soak the incision under the seedling with 42% gram bacteria powder 3000 times solution or 88% mycin hydrate 1000 times solution for 24 hours.

● leaf spot

Leaf spot pathogen is mainly transmitted by wounds, and the disease is serious under humid conditions. The disease is highly contagious and can cause plant leaves and stems to rot. The initial stage of the disease spot is brown spot, the edge is yellow; after expansion, the disease spot is nearly round, the center is gray, the edge is dark brown, and the surrounding yellow; black grains appear on the disease spot under wet conditions.

Prevention and control measures:

1) prevent the plant from being too dense and keep it ventilated and transparent.

2) at the initial stage of the disease, 42% gram bacteria powder 3000 times solution, or 88% hydramycin hydrate 1000 times solution, or 25% complex ammonia copper solution was sprayed once every 5 to 7 days for 2 times.

● root rot

The root rot occurred from December to March, and the pathogen mainly entered through the incision, followed by the vascular bundle bacteria of the seedlings. After bamboo picking, the head becomes soft, rotten, does not sprout or sprout uneven, the emergence rate is low, or occurs at the base of the plant stem.

Prevention and control measures:

The main results are as follows: 1) choose the seedlings without bacteria, do not pick bamboo in the rain or when Rain Water is not dry, and fertilize reasonably with the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.

2) spraying in time after bamboo cutting, first use 1000 times of methyl topiramate, then use 58% Ruidu manganese zinc 1000 times after 5 days, and then use 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times after 5 days. 1.8% Aituo 3000 times solution can be added to the solution, which is beneficial to the healing of incisions and promoting the growth of foot buds.

Time: 2019-04-29 Click: