How to plant the seeds of Compositae sunflowers? When will the seeds be sown? What are the methods?

Sunflower is an annual herb of the genus Asteraceae. It is cultivated in China. So how do you plant its seeds? When will the seeds be sown? What are the planting methods? It is learned from the sunflower planting base in Shanxi that sunflowers have strong low temperature tolerance in seedling stage and mature stage. The seeds began to swell and germinate at 2 ℃-4 ℃, germinated at 4 ℃, could emerge at 5 ℃, and could meet the needs of normal emergence at 8 ℃-10 ℃. The sowing time is generally from late March to mid-April, either direct seeding or seedling transplanting, and the planting density is 65 cm × 60 cm, one plant per hole.

How to plant sunflower seeds? (potted)

Treatment before sowing:

1. Seed selection before sowing: seed selection before sowing can effectively improve the seedling emergence rate by removing blighted impurities.

2. Sunning before sowing: choose sunny weather before sowing, spread out and air the seeds for 2 or 3 days, reduce grain moisture, increase body temperature, strengthen the activity of enzymes in seeds, promote post-ripening, enhance vitality, and improve germination energy and germination rate. it is beneficial to sprouting quickly after sowing.

3. Chemical seed dressing: in order to prevent the harm of underground pests and the occurrence of sunflower diseases, and to improve the seedling rate of sunflower, it is best to mix 600g of zinc and seed fertilizer evenly into the soil or with 3/1000 avermectin or with phoxim EC, water and seeds at the ratio of 140,500 per mu, spray while stirring, so that the solution can fully soak the seed coat and dry the seeds in time.

4. Soaking seeds to promote germination: soaking seeds to accelerate germination can shorten the time of absorbing and expanding seeds in the soil, emerge seedlings as early as possible, strive for growth days, mature earlier, and avoid reducing production due to freezing injury after autumn. The specific methods are as follows: soak the seeds in warm water: soak the sunflower seeds in 18 ℃ warm water, soak the edible seeds for 6 hours, soak the seeds in oil for 6 hours, dry them to 70% dry, and then sow the seeds. If you need to accelerate germination, take out the soaked seeds and put them in a plastic bag and store them in the greenhouse overnight. When part of the seed coat begins to show white, most of the seeds begin to germinate and sow (they must be sown in a plot with good soil moisture, otherwise they are easy to sprout).

After the seeds germinate:

1. When the sunflower seeds germinate and protrude from the soil, they can be transplanted to a large basin when the cotyledons are opened. After transplanting, it is necessary to pour enough water to fix the root, and be sure to pour it thoroughly. It is recommended to put it in a sunny place indoors, and if you want to put it in the sun, you should water it regularly.

2. When about 3 to 4 pairs of true leaves are grown, spray some potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves every few days to promote plant growth. Sunflowers should be fertilized during their growth. At this time, it must be organic fertilizer after maturity.

What are the planting methods of sunflowers?

1. Site selection: the soil layer is deep, the land is flat, irrigation and drainage is necessary, the rotation period is more than 4 years, and continuous cropping is strictly prohibited.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization: fine soil preparation, adequate application of base fertilizer, no stubble before sowing, re-application of base fertilizer and deep fertilizer. Deep turning 20-625px in autumn, applying farm manure 1000-1500kg per mu, timely autumn watering should be carried out on the basis of pressing the bottom fertilizer in autumn, and on the basis of timely raking in winter and spring, the ground and Weir should be shrunk before sowing (1.5mu / block), so that the ground is flat, the soil is broken and the soil moisture is uniform. In the sowing front of eating sunflowers, deep seeds of diammonium phosphate 10-15kg, potassium fertilizer (potassium chloride or potassium sulfate) 7-8kg, or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer.

3. Before sowing, the seeds should be dried for 3 days, 150ml of 40% zinc and parathion, 5-7.5kg with water, and seed 25-30kg to prevent underground pests. Soak the seeds with carbendazim 500 times solution for 6 hours, or mix the seeds with sclerotiorum, methyl topper, etc., with a dosage of 0.5% 0.6% of the seed amount to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

4. Hole sowing or trenching artificial fixed distance sowing, sticky soil sowing depth 82.5px, sandy soil sowing depth can reach 4-150px. Generally, the sowing date of sunflower should be sowed early in spring, and artificial hole sowing is the main way of sowing. Hole sowing method can be according to the required plant distance from the point seed, sowing depth of about 5 cm. The general sowing rate is 1.5kg per mu and 5 seeds per hole, with wide and narrow row sowing, with a large row spacing of 100cm, a small row spacing of 50cm, a plant spacing of 60cm and about 1400 seedlings per mu.

Time: 2019-04-11 Click: