How many jin per mu of Chinese medicinal materials planted in dry Pinellia ternata? What are the prospects for the planting market? (with planting technology)

Pinellia ternata, Pinellia ternata is a perennial herb. . Below 2500 meters above sea level, it is common in grassy slopes, wasteland, corn fields, field edges or under sparse forests. it is one of the weeds in dry land. So how many jin per mu is planted in dry Pinellia ternata? What are the prospects for the planting market?

How many jin per mu of dry Pinellia ternata

Pinellia ternata is a large number of commonly used varieties of medicinal materials, due to wild resources mining indiscriminately, frequently extinct, and artificial planting is very few, resulting in prices rising year after year, supply exceeds demand, the current price has reached 130 yuan / kg. After planting the seed bulb, it can be harvested in the same year, the general yield per mu is 150 kg, and the benefit per mu can reach more than 20,000 yuan.

Prospect of planting market of Pinellia ternata

1. Wild resources are becoming less and less. Dry Pinellia ternata likes to shade the environment, in recent years, opening up wasteland and cutting forests and using a large number of herbicides have destroyed its growth environment; in addition, the distribution of producing areas is relatively scattered, drought and waterlogging and other natural disasters are frequent, the wild area decreases year by year, and the yield decreases sharply.

2. The planting area increases slowly. Over the past few years, the price of Pinellia ternata remains high, the supply of goods is tight, the seedlings are less, the price of seedlings is high, and the amount of seeds used in Pinellia ternata is relatively large, with an investment of more than 1,000 yuan per 667 square meters (1 mu). The high planting cost makes drug farmers do not dare to develop in a large area, just small-scale planting. Planting Pinellia ternata has relatively strict requirements on land selection and water sources, and herbicides must be used properly in order to get high yield. unlike planting field crops, it is not easy to get rich.

3. The market demand increases steadily. Many manufacturers of antitussive and expectorant traditional Chinese medicine have abandoned water Pinellia ternata and switched to dry Pinellia ternata, thus increasing the market demand of Pinellia ternata. Pinellia ternata is one of the most exported varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, ranking among the top 10, with perennial demand in Japan, South Korea, the United States and Southeast Asia.

4. From the curve of the price trend of Pinellia ternata for many years, the overall price trend is upward. In addition to the above three reasons, there are labor costs, rising labor costs and rising factors of production will inevitably lead to a rise in commodity prices of Pinellia ternata.

Drugmakers are optimistic about the city after drought, and industry insiders point out that the market cannot be saturated in the next few years, and its prices will rise steadily.

Planting technology editor

Growth condition

1. Temperature conditions in the growth process of Pinellia ternata

Generally, when the ten-day average temperature is about 10 ℃, all types of Pinellia ternata germinate smoothly, which is the biological threshold temperature of Pinellia ternata. Pinellia ternata grows most luxuriantly when the ten-day average temperature reaches 15 ℃ ~ 27 ℃. In some parts of China, since the middle of July, with the end of the plum rain season, the air temperature rises, and the highest temperature often exceeds 35 ℃. The growth of Pinellia ternata is seriously affected, and the aboveground parts of Pinellia ternata without shade die one after another, forming summer seedlings. After autumn, the temperature dropped below 27 ℃ in the first ten days of September, and the underground tubers of Pinellia ternata emerged one after another, forming the autumn growth period. Until the first and middle of November, the temperature often dropped below 10 ℃ and began to fall over the winter. Because of the comprehensive conditions of temperature, light and water in autumn, it is far less suitable for Pinellia ternata than in spring, so the growth is weak in autumn, the total number of seedlings is only about 100000 / mu, but more than 180000 / mu in spring. The optimum temperature for Pinellia ternata growth is 23 ℃ ~ 29 ℃.

two。 Humidity conditions in the growth process of Pinellia ternata

Pinellia ternata is not drought-tolerant and likes to grow in soil with high humidity. Someone has investigated a high yield field of Pinellia ternata in Shaheqiao, Fengxian County, with an average tuber yield of 1500 kg. Its variety is Pinellia ternata in Fengxian County, there is almost no obvious seedling falling process in the whole year, and its growth is very exuberant even in the midsummer season. One of the most prominent measures in cultivation is to irrigate with well water ditch once every evening in summer according to the characteristics of dry climate and lack of soil water in summer, which not only keeps the soil moist, but also reduces the soil temperature, killing two birds with one stone. The growth of Pinellia ternata in the Yangtze River Basin in China is particularly exuberant from early June to early July. One of the main reasons is that this period is the season of plum rain and continuous rain, which not only reduces the strong light and the influence of high temperature in summer, but also improves the soil and air humidity to ensure sufficient moisture for the growth of Pinellia ternata. Of course, the greater the soil moisture, the better. Pinellia ternata both likes and fears water. When the soil moisture exceeds a certain limit, it grows badly, resulting in rotting roots, rotten stems, falling seedlings and death, and the tuber yield decreases. For example, the treatment of watering 8kg/m2 every day resulted in overgrowth of aboveground parts, excessive nitrogen metabolism, consumption of large amounts of carbohydrates, decrease of nutrient accumulation and decrease of yield. Pinellia ternata in Santai area, which is rich in Pinellia ternata in Jiangsu Province, has disappeared since the implementation of flood-drought rotation system, precisely because it is afraid of water.

3. Light conditions in the growth process of Pinellia ternata

Pinellia ternata is a shade-tolerant rather than shade-loving plant that can grow luxuriantly under moderate shading. However, if the light is too strong, such as up to 91x, 100% of Pinellia ternata will fall; if the light is below 30001x, Pinellia ternata can not survive. In the semi-shaded environment, the number of bulbs and the weight gain of mother tubers are better than those in Xiangyang and shaded areas. The number of bulbs formed in semi-shaded areas is 14.37% more than that in Xiangyang area and 48.37% more than that in shaded areas. The weight gain of female tubers is 51.89% more than that in Xiangyang area and 62.75% more than that in shaded areas.

Pinellia ternata seeds and bulbs or tubers propagate, so in the natural population, there are not only seedlings, but also new individuals developed from bulbs or tubers. In terms of physiological age, it is a typical "four generations in the same house", including seedlings developed from seeds, plants developed from the first generation, second generation, or even third generation, and plants directly grown from tubers.

The seeds, bulbs and tubers of Pinellia ternata have no dormancy characteristics, and can germinate as long as the environmental conditions are suitable. Plants can be seen from late March to late October, especially in spring and autumn. Studies have shown that, in addition to the rapid deterioration of living conditions, Pinellia ternata is mainly asexual reproduction. In general, the reproduction and individual regeneration of Pinellia ternata mainly depend on bulbs. The bulb occurs at the base of the petiole or leaf, and the base of the petiole rises slightly during leafing, and then develops to form a bulb.

Land selection and preparation

I. selection of sites

It is suitable to choose sandy loam or loam with moist and fertile soil, strong water and fertility conservation, loose texture, good drainage and irrigation, neutral reaction, or gentle slope mountain area with half shade and half sun. It is suitable to select legume crops in the previous crop, which can be cropped continuously for 2 ~ 3 years. Waterlogged saline-alkali land is not suitable for planting. It can be interplanted in corn field, rape field, wheat field and fruit forest. The concrete method is that when sowing wheat in the first year, the wheat ridge should be widened to 30cm, and the sowing row of Pinellia ternata should be reserved. In the second year of the Spring Equinox, in the reserved sowing row, the trench of 8~9cm should be deepened (if it is too deep, the seedling will be late, and the shallow will be easy to die from drought), and the stem of Pinellia ternata will be sown with the plant distance of 2~3cm. At the same time, sprinkle 3~5cm thick wheat bran in the ridge of Pinellia ternata and water it to keep moisture and cool down, prevent Pinellia ternata from falling down. After autumn corn harvest, Pinellia ternata was harvested from Bailu to the Autumn Equinox.

The artificial soil suitable for the growth of Pinellia ternata can also be used, nutrient solution and light conditions can be applied, and combined with the corresponding cultivation measures such as the growth habits of Pinellia ternata, 0.5kg can be harvested from artificial soil per square meter every year after one sowing. The raw materials of artificial soil are easy to obtain and do not need to occupy cultivated land. The harvesting method is simple, can save a lot of labor, is suitable for industrial production, and can obtain higher economic benefits. The specific method is that the artificial soil is laid on the cement ground, plywood or agricultural film, and the thickness is controlled at 6~8cm, so that the bulbs of the small tubers left in the soil after the harvest of Pinellia ternata are easy to grow into the soil surface, thus the subsequent provenance problem can be solved.

1. The artificial soil of Pinellia ternata can be prepared by sawdust, humus soil, domestic waste (except plastic, glass, metal), traditional Chinese medicine residue, compost, grain husk, rabbit shit, plant ash, river sand and so on. The better ratio is: humus 50%, sawdust 30%, river sand 20%; humus 40%, plant ash 5%, sawdust 30%, river sand 25%; compost 40%, coal ash 40%, grain husk 10%, rabbit dung 10%; or Chinese medicine residue 50%, coal ash 30%, fine sand 20%, etc.

two。 The preparation of nutrient solution should contain N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Na, Zn, Cu, Mo, Mn, B and other elements.

II. Land preparation

After the land is selected, the soil will be turned deep into 20cm from October to November to remove gravel and weeds so as to make it weathered and mature. The growth period of Pinellia ternata is short, and base fertilizer plays an important role in it. Combined with soil preparation, stable manure or compost 2000kg and superphosphate 50kg are applied per mu and turned into the soil as base fertilizer. Before sowing, ploughing and turning again, and then fine raking flat, from 1.3m wide high border, border ditch width 40cm. Or after shallow ploughing, a flat border with a width of 0.8 to 1.2m was made, and the width and height of the ridge were 30cm and 15cm. The ridge of the border should be firmly leveled for spring sowing and plastic film mulching at seedling stage. Sprouting and plastic film mulching can not only make Pinellia ternata emerge early and increase the growth period of more than 20 days, but also maintain the loose state of soil preparation, promote root growth, make the root thick and long, expand the root system, and enhance the ability of drought resistance and lodging prevention.

Time: 2019-03-16 Click: