How do you grow strawberries? It may be because of these five reasons that it is not sweet!

Strawberry is my common fruit, sour and sweet taste, rich nutrition, deeply loved by consumers, and has been planted in all parts of our country. Generally speaking, strawberries are sweet after ripening, but the strawberries planted by many growers are not sweet, which affects economic benefits and is very distressing, so how to grow strawberries? What is the reason why it is not sweet?

First, how to grow strawberries?

1. Preparation of breeding grounds

(1) choose paddy fields with convenient drainage and irrigation, which are not easy to accumulate water and have high fertility, or vegetable garden soil (former crops and soil blocks that have used Lvhuanglong herbicide). Apply sufficient basic fertilizer (cake fertilizer, household fertilizer, human feces and urine, phosphate fertilizer) after ripening, at the same time, use 50% phoxim or 3% furan per mu, mix 25 jin of fine soil, and turn the soil to make a bed. The bed is 1.5 mi 1.8 meters wide and the turtle's back is shaped to prevent stagnant water and the soil should be broken.

(2) selection and colonization of each plant. Select the new leaves to develop normally, the leaflets are symmetrical, the leaf color is dark green, the petiole is thick, the leaves are large, the growth is strong, the yield is good, and the diseased leaves and old leaves are removed. Our city is generally planted in the breeding ground in April of the Gregorian calendar (the daily average temperature is above 12 ℃). Two rows were planted in each border, 30 cm away from the edge of the border, and the distance between plants was 60 mi 80 cm. Immediately after planting, water the plant and fix it.

(3) Fertilizer and water management, the principles of fertilization in seedling land are as follows: suitable nitrogen, heavy phosphorus and potassium, 200 jin of rotten vegetable cake plus 8 jin of urea per mu, 50 jin of phosphate fertilizer and 10 jin of potash fertilizer, and watering every 20 days after the water is dissolved. Human feces and urine can also be replaced.

(4) after each plant survived (a week later), gibberellin (920) was sprayed, that is, each gram of "920" was mixed with water 40 murine 50 jin, (920 was first dissolved in a clean bowl with high concentration of liquor) spray. Spray twice at intervals of one week to 10 days. The application of nitrogen fertilizer should be strictly controlled in August to make it drought properly, but not too much.

2. Preparation and specification of timely transplanting and transplanting land.

(1) Field preparation: choose fertile fields or soil with convenient drainage and irrigation as field land. Strawberries need a large amount of fertilizer, and there is generally less fertilizer in the later stage (harvest period), so the base fertilizer should be sufficient, and it should be dominated by organic fertilizer, generally 1500 tons per mu of organic fertilizer, 50 tons of cake fertilizer, 25-30 tons of compound fertilizer, 7.5 grams of urea, 40 grams of excess calcium and 10 grams of potash fertilizer. in addition to urea and compound fertilizer, other fertilizers, except urea and compound fertilizer, mix well with urea and compound fertilizer to spread the soil surface, and then turn the soil to make ridges. Generally, the height of the ridge is 25 tons, the width of the bottom of the ridge is 90 tons, and the surface of the ridge is 60 inches. The width of the ridge and trench is 30 cm, and the width of the furrow at the bottom of the ridge is about 100m / w. There is a certain inclination from the surface of the ridge to the bottom of the ditch.

(2) planting period and mode: the protected cultivation in our city is generally transplanted from the end of September to the beginning of October. The planting density and seedling condition, soil fertilizer and thinness were treated separately, and strong seedlings, dry seedlings and soil fertilizer should be sparsely planted. On the contrary, it should be closely planted. Generally, 9,000 plants are planted in 7 mu. After the ridge is planted, it will be planted 5 cm from the edge of the ridge, with a distance of 12 cm to 15 cm. The length of the ridge generally does not exceed 30 meters.

(3) attention should be paid when transplanting: first, directional transplanting: both bow back and outward, which is beneficial to the extraction of inflorescence later. Second, double-row triangular (zigzag) planting, which is conducive to ventilation and light to take root. The third is to grasp the depth so that the roots are not exposed and the seedlings are not buried at the top, which is beneficial to tillering. Fourth, transplanting with soil is beneficial to survival. Fifth, it will be planted in the afternoon on sunny days and all day on cloudy days. Sixth, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, immediately pour through the fixed root water after planting, and add methyl topiramate according to 800 times liquid when watering. Seventh, check and replenish seedlings in time.

3. Field management

(1) pre-winter management, after planting survived to mid-late November, three points should be paid attention to: first, frequent application of thin fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, preferably dilute manure water; second, keeping moist; third, weeding and loosening soil to pick old leaves and diseased leaves.

(2) pre-and post-flowering management: before flowering, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage, vegetable fruit Zhuangtieling was sprayed in time to improve the cyclic fruit setting rate of strawberry, promote fruit development, and control diseases and insect pests with topzine, Sukeling and dimethoate at the same time.

(3) overwintering management: before the cold winter comes, it is necessary to pour water thoroughly to prevent the cold.

4. cover the film at the right time

Plastic film mulching can double the yield, reduce fruit loss and prevent pollution. The film is divided into greenhouse cover film and mulch film. The time of covering the film should be controlled when the daily average temperature drops to about 8 ℃. First cover the greenhouse film, then cover the plastic film. Weeding, ploughing and fertilization should be done before mulching to control diseases and insect pests. (greenhouse production and film purchase model) due to limited space will not be introduced, interested parties please contact the Agricultural Science Institute. After covering the film, the temperature in the shed should be kept at 8 ℃ at night and about 20 ℃ during the day. The film should be lifted at noon on a sunny day and covered at 3 p.m. If the temperature is too high, the pollen dies, and the activity of the pollen is not enough to pollinate.

5. Planting in greenhouse

Strawberries planted in greenhouse in early spring can blossom and bear fruit.

6. Open-field cultivation techniques

Strawberry can be cultivated in open field in two ways: one plant a year or one plant for many years. The former can be rotated with other crops after harvest every year. Under this system, strawberry has strong vitality, good fruit quality, early ripening and less diseases and insect pests. However, the key technology is to cultivate strong seedlings with more than 3 leaves and well-developed roots, which can be planted closely. Once planted, harvested for many years, transplanted in autumn, and harvested in May of the following year. After 3 years, it was renewed once with stolon seedlings.

(1) applying basic fertilizer for land preparation

Strawberry has shallow roots and is suitable for growing in loam or sandy loam with good permeability and rich in organic matter. Wheat, legumes, melons and vegetables are suitable for the previous crops. It can also be intercropped with high-stem crops. Plough the land deeply early, apply manure and base manure with full rot heat of 3000kg per mu, and burn in the sun. Diammonium phosphate 25kg was applied during soil preparation. Potassium chloride 10kg. Irrigate a small amount of water before planting.

(2) colonization

Seedlings with 5-6 compound leaves, strong plants and complete roots were selected before transplanting and planted in the field in cloudy days or in the evening. The planting density is (20-25) cm × (25-30) cm. The degree of planting seedlings is that the roots are not exposed and the seedlings are not buried. After planting, the seedlings are irrigated once. After the water is dry, the condition of the seedlings is checked in time to loosen the soil, cultivate the soil or replenish the seedlings. When planting, the seedlings grow with the bow back to the flat border, which is easy to manage and harvest fruit.

(3) Field management

After strawberry planting, watering the root water, keeping the field moist, lowering the ground temperature, and irrigating according to the humidity in the field. When overwintering water was irrigated, 15-20kg/ mu compound fertilizer was applied to improve the overwintering ability. The flowering and fruiting period in spring is a water sensitive period, so the soil should be kept moist. When applying nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer or foliar spraying fertilizer during irrigation, the water should not be too much, and the stagnant water should be discharged in time. At the same time, vegetable and fruit Zhuangtieling should be sprayed before flowering, young fruit stage and fruit expansion period, so as to improve the fruit setting rate of strawberry cycle and promote fruit development. Strawberries should be ploughed and weeded frequently after transplanting. Cultivate the soil at the right time after fruit harvest. Appropriate ground cover should be taken when overwintering, so as to prevent cold and heat preservation, and keep strawberries survive the winter smoothly. Now, more than plastic film mulching from the end of January to early February can promote the early ripening of strawberries and prolong the harvest time.

Second, why are the planted strawberries not sweet? It may be because of these five reasons!

1. Small temperature difference between day and night

We all know that many fruits are sweeter when grown in an environment with a large temperature difference between day and night, when the temperature is higher during the day and lower at night, which is conducive to the accumulation of sugar in the fruit. If strawberries are not sweet for this reason, when planting, use the greenhouse to raise the temperature during the day, strengthen ventilation at night, lower the temperature, and artificially increase the temperature difference between day and night, so that the strawberries are absolutely sweet.

2. Lack of light

In the peak growing season and flowering and fruiting period of strawberry, there is a great demand for light, which needs 12-15 hours of light every day. Growing under the condition of sufficient light, strawberry plants grow vigorously, blossom and bear more, and the fruit is sweet and large, and the yield is higher. On the other hand, if the light is not enough, the strawberry plant growth is relatively weak, the leaves are dim, the flowers are small and few, the fruit coloring is not good, the fruit is not sweet, and the yield is low, so we must ensure the light duration of strawberries when planting.

3. Improper watering

Strawberry has a great demand for water in the growing period, but in the fruiting period, especially in the fruit expansion period, if it is watered too much, the root system will absorb too much water, which is not only not conducive to the accumulation of sugar in the fruit, but also easy to cause the root system to rot and die. The taste of the fruit is very sour. Therefore, in the strawberry fruit period, we must pay attention to the amount of water, do not water too much, according to the dry and wet soil to water, see the soil is dry before watering.

4. Poor fertilization

Strawberry growth needs sufficient nutrients, but the nutrients in the soil can not supply its growth, let alone blossom and bear fruit, so fertilization is also critical when planting. Fertilization is recommended to use farm manure or organic fertilizer, less chemical fertilizer, generally apply 4000-5000kg farm manure per mu, with some organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer.

5. Improper management

In order to consume too much nutrients during strawberry planting, it is necessary to prune strawberry stolons at different stages. If strawberry stolons are removed at the right time, the yield can be increased by about 50%, and excessive stems will consume a lot of nutrients. So when the stolon just grows, it should be removed immediately to ensure that the fruit is big and sweet. There is also an appropriate amount of buds to be removed in the bud stage, to sparse buds, to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients and to promote fruit. in addition, strawberries grow new leaves all year, so timely removal of old leaves or diseased leaves can reduce nutrient consumption. it can also enhance permeability.

Time: 2019-03-14 Click: