How to plant Hawthorn trees? What is the planting benefit in 2019?

Hawthorn tree is a deciduous tree with nearly oval leaves, and its adaptability is strong, even in the thin mountains, its growth and development is better than other fruit trees. So how to plant Hawthorn trees? What is the planting benefit in 2019?

First, how to plant Hawthorn trees?

1. Selecting land to raise seedlings

Select the flat land, hills and mountain gentle slope areas with deep and fertile soil layer, the southeast slope direction is suitable, followed by the north slope and northeast slope. Attention should be paid to water storage, drainage and irrigation and drought prevention.

Seedlings cultivated with Hawthorn seeds are called seedling rootstocks. Seedling rootstocks generally need to be grafted to become Hawthorn for cultivation. Hawthorn seed shell is thick and hard, the seed is not easy to absorb water to expand or crack. In addition, the dormancy period of kernels is long, and it is difficult to emerge seedlings. Therefore, Hawthorn seeds must be pre-treated before sowing in order to ensure its germination rate.

2. Field management

Deep ripening and soil improvement: ploughing the soil in the garden or deep ploughing the tree plate is an effective measure to conserve water, eliminate weeds, loosen the soil, improve soil permeability, improve soil fertility and promote root growth.

3. Fertilization

Strip application, that is, horizontal trench fertilization between rows; spread throughout the garden, that is, when Hawthorn roots have been spread all over the country, fertilizer can be sprinkled on the surface, and then turned into the soil 20 cm deep; hole application, that is, liquid fertilizer (human feces and urine), under the crown according to different directions, evenly dig 6-12 holes, 30-40 cm deep holes into fertilizer, and then soil.

4. Pruning

The pruning of Hawthorn fruit trees is the same as that of general fruit trees.

① winter pruning

To prevent internal baldness, because the periphery of Hawthorn tree is easy to branch, it often closes the periphery, the inner branchlets grow weakly, the dead branches increase year by year, and the middle and lower parts of all levels of branches are gradually bald. The measures to prevent the baldness of the inner chamber should adopt the principle of combination of thinning, shrinking and cutting to reform, renew and rejuvenate, remove whorled backbone branches and peripheral dense big branches, competitive branches, long branches, disease and insect branches, shrink and cut weak main and side branches, select suitable buds for small renewal, cultivate strong branches, and reform the methods of re-cutting and rejuvenating weak branches and engraving and increasing branches on bald buds.

After the short Hawthorn tree enters the fruiting stage, all the new shoots with full growth, their terminal buds and the following 1-4 buds can differentiate into flower buds, so short-cut methods should be used less in Hawthorn pruning to protect flower buds.

After the compound Hawthorn tree entered the fruiting stage, it bore fruit continuously for many years, resulting in sagging branches, gradually weakening growth potential, scorched shoots in backbone branches and decreased yield. The branches should be renewed in time to restore the tree. For many years of continuous fruiting branches or other long branches, drooping branches, scorched shoot branches, perennial branches, retract to the back of the strong branch, and use the upper back branch to take the lead, in order to enhance the growth potential and promote the increase of yield.

② summer pruning

Hawthorn with sparse branches has a strong ability to produce new shoots. Generally, 2-3 lateral buds at the top of branches can produce strong branches, and there are many branches on the periphery of the crown every year, which makes the crown closed, poor ventilation and light penetration, so the improperly positioned and overdeveloped branches should be removed as soon as possible. All the budding branches of the lateral buds in the lower part of the inflorescence were removed to overcome the baldness in the middle and lower parts of the branches and prevent the fruit parts from moving out.

After the branches with vigorous growth and space in summer stopped growing in late July, the branches were flattened and slowly promoted to form flowers and increase the yield.

Coring in the first and middle of May, when the inner bore branch of the crown grows to 30cm to 40cm, leave 20cm to 30cm to promote the formation of flower buds and cultivate compact fruiting branches.

Girdling is generally carried out on auxiliary branches, and the width of girdling is 10.3. The main pests of Hawthorn are red spider, peach heart borer, peach borer and diseases such as ring rot and powdery mildew.

5. Watering

Generally, water is watered four times a year, and once after topdressing if there are irrigation conditions in spring, in order to promote the absorption and utilization of fertilizer. After flowering, combined with topdressing and watering, in order to increase the fruit setting rate. Watering once after wheat harvest to promote flower bud differentiation and rapid fruit growth. Pour frozen water, pour frozen water in time in winter, in order to facilitate the tree to survive the winter safely.

6. Disease and pest control

The red spider and peach borer were sprayed 2500 times from early May to early June.

To control peach heart borer, 100-150-fold parathion EC was sprayed on the tree plate in the middle of June to kill the overwintering generation of heart borer larvae. In early July and early and middle August, 1500-fold parathion EC was sprayed on the trees to eliminate the eggs and larvae of fruit borer.

To control ring disease, 80% carbendazim 800 times solution was sprayed one week after flower shedding, and then fungicides were sprayed once in mid-June, late July and early-mid-August.

The Hawthorn orchard with a serious incidence of powdery mildew was sprayed with 5 lean stone sulfur mixture once before germination, 600 times 50% wettable carbendazim or 50% wettable thiophanate at flower bud stage and June respectively.

2. 2019 what is the benefit of planting Hawthorn trees?

Hawthorn is an endemic fruit tree in China, which has developed rapidly in recent years. The cultivated area has reached 7 million mu, accounting for about 10% of the total area of fruit trees in China. At present, most of them are newly planted or early fruiting trees. according to the current yield and cultivation management, it is predicted that the total output of Hawthorn in China will reach 3 million tons. Hawthorn fresh food is not large, the main way out is processing, so farmers must pay attention to think of a good way out for deep processing.

Hawthorn can be made into Hawthorn cake, Hawthorn cake, Hawthorn slices, Hawthorn strip, Hawthorn roll, Hawthorn paste, Hawthorn juice, fried Hawthorn, peel of fruit, Hawthorn tea, sugar snowball, canned Hawthorn, Hawthorn Tomatoes on sticks and other products. It can be seen that the economic benefits of planting Hawthorn tree are considerable.

Time: 2019-03-13 Click: