Introduction to the planting method of "forest cream" avocado!

Avocado, also known as avocado, etc., is liked by some people because of its good taste and high nutritional value, and has a certain effect of invigorating stomach and clearing intestines and lowering cholesterol. The planting prospect is very considerable, and many growers also want to grow it. Then the editor will introduce the avocado planting method to you.

First, raising seedlings

As a matter of fact, the cultivation of avocado is better if there are special seedlings to be purchased and then planted directly, which is much simpler than before, but planting from the beginning of seedling cultivation requires the purchase of avocado seeds with full fruit. Then after treatment, the tip of the seed is placed evenly in the soil, and then the soil is used to gently cover the seed. The sowing ground must choose a place with sufficient light and water it every seven hours or so. Seedlings usually sprout in about two weeks.

2. Transplanting

When the seedlings grow to about 40 cm, they can be transplanted. before planting, they need to dig holes and sprinkle enough base fertilizer according to the distance of 4-5 meters per row and 3-4 meters per plant. When transplanting, we must pay attention to transplanting the soil on the seedbed with the root of the avocado tree as much as possible, so that it can adapt to the environment after transplanting more quickly. It needs to be watered immediately after transplanting to improve its survival rate.

Third, lighting

Avocado is a tropical fruit, so it has high requirements for light and temperature, so it can not be planted in many parts of our country, because the seasons and temperature change greatly in most parts of our country. In the process of its growth, we have to ensure that it has at least 8 hours of sunshine in a day, let alone the result.

IV. Management

The longer growing period of avocado usually takes 5 years to bear fruit, and the management of its growing period is very important, including fertilization, watering, loosening soil, pruning and so on. Avocado trees usually use potassium and phosphate fertilizer and appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer during the young tree period, because avocado trees are particularly sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer, especially to its roots. Therefore, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is generally less, and then slowly increase the amount of fertilizer used as the tree ages, avocado growth needs sufficient water, so it is necessary to water regularly and keep the soil moisture at about 60% as much as possible. each watering, fertilization and loosening soil are best combined to facilitate plant growth, and finally, proper pruning of avocado trees when necessary can ensure the light it needs.

5. Pollination

Avocado pollination is the key to avocado yield, it requires two plants to pollinate each other, and it is usually planted in herringbone when planting, so the success rate of pollination is much higher when the wind blows over. Secondly, artificial pollination can be used. Generally, pollen is collected on a sunny day and then artificially sprayed in the morning after manual treatment, so the probability of pollination is relatively high.

Summary: the above is about the introduction of avocado planting methods, growers can refer to the above planting methods to plant, hope to help friends in need!

Is avocado avocado? Introduction to the main producing areas of avocado

Avocado is a kind of fruit that everyone likes very much, which is rich in nutritional value, known as "forest cream", and is deeply loved by consumers. So, have you ever heard of avocados, and have you ever heard of avocados? Is avocado avocado? In fact, avocado and avocado are the same fruit, avocado is also known as avocado, avocado and so on. The main producing areas of avocado are introduced as follows.

Picture: avocado

Introduction to the main producing areas of avocado

Avocados are native to Mexico and Central America, and then widely cultivated in California, so California has become the largest producer of avocados in the world, growing in the tropics and subtropics all over the world. however, it is most cultivated in the southern United States, Guatemala, Mexico and Cuba, and has formed three major populations: Mexico, Guatemala and West Indies. There are a small amount of cultivation in Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan and Sichuan.

Picture: avocado

[conclusion] avocado is a kind of fruit with high nutritional value, which can be eaten fresh, can also be made into dishes and cans, and has high value. The above introduces the main producing areas of avocados, hoping to help you!

Avocado, avocado picture, avocado culture method 1 morphological characteristics avocado tree height is about 10 m, the crown is broad. Leaves alternate, leathery, elliptic or ovate, 7.5-40 cm long. Panicle terminal, flowers light green. Drupe is pear-shaped or oval, 10-18 cm long, yellowish green or reddish brown, soft pulp. Southern China blossoms in March and the fruit matures from August to September. It is generally planted for 3 ~ 4 years. Avocado is a fleshy drupe with a yellowish green, reddish brown to brown pericarp when ripe, with a long 5~20cm and a diameter of 3 to 14 cm. After ripening, the pericarp becomes yellowish green, milky yellow, brown or dark green; the flesh is milky white, yellowish or milky yolk, with a very delicate flesh; the flesh tastes yolk and slightly sweet. The single fruit weighs 150-1500 g; the seed is large, 1, round or long-oval, which generally accounts for 10%-30% of the fruit weight; the flesh is thin, but the edible rate is still 70%-80%. (2) the ecological habits of avocado vary greatly with different varieties, the cold tolerance of Mexican line is relatively strong, and the cold tolerance of Guatemala and West Indies is weak. The Mexican system is mostly introduced into China, which is native to the tropical plateau. Avocados need annual rainfall of more than 1000 mm, shallow roots, fragile branches, can not withstand strong winds, strong winds can lead to reduced production. It has strong adaptability to soil. Multipurpose seed propagation, bud grafting and striping can also be used. When sowing, peel off the seed coat and sprout in the sand bed, and plant in a place with deep soil layer, good drainage and shelter from the wind. The suitable row spacing is 5 m × (6 ~ 7) m. Mixed planting of varieties can ensure pollination. (3) the cultivation technology covered avocado is a fruit tree growing in tropical rain forest and competitive sunlight, which grows rapidly in the environment of high temperature and humidity, but grows slowly if the environmental conditions are not available. Therefore, the cultivation of avocado abroad mainly emphasizes growing grass or planting green manure near the plant at the initial stage, and covering a large amount of organic matter in the topsoil, forming a rainforest rhizosphere environment similar to that of origin, and stabilizing the ecological conditions of the rhizosphere. Promote the reproduction of microorganisms that can inhibit root rot activity. Therefore, from the young tree stage to the tree itself can form a cover layer through fallen leaves and before the occurrence of root rot, it is particularly important to carry out tree plate young trees. Begin to cover in winter, replenish the thickness in spring, and form a good cover in summer. Rhizosphere mulching can also reduce soil water evaporation, reduce the damage of dry heat to avocado, lower soil temperature in summer, increase soil temperature in winter, increase soil organic matter, reduce weeds and prevent soil erosion on sloping land. But keep the soil from getting too wet during the rainy season. The young tree period of 1-4 years after planting avocado with fertilizer is the period of laying the foundation for high yield and high quality cultivation of avocado. Rational fertilization should be applied to promote the rapid growth and growth of young trees. The sign of lack of fertilizer in avocado trees is severe defoliation and withered branches. The rational fertilization of avocado young trees and fruit trees should be determined according to soil fertility, tree age, plant growth or growth and fruit. It is generally necessary to apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other complete fertilizers in a balanced manner, and it is best to guide fertilization through the nutrition analysis of soil and leaves. The red soil hillside in South China is lack of organic matter, available potassium and available phosphorus, so more attention should be paid to the application of potassium and phosphate fertilizer. The roots of young avocado trees are easy to be damaged by nitrogen fertilizer, and the application of more nitrogen fertilizer is easy to make the branches and leaves grow and delay the fruit, so we should pay attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer. In foreign countries, the amount of pure nitrogen applied to each plant is 110g / 450g per year, which increases year by year with the increase of tree age, and half of them use organic fertilizer as nitrogen source. A small amount of diligence should be applied in the first year after planting. In areas with frost, it is advisable to stop applying nitrogen fertilizer and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in autumn and winter to avoid cold damage to winter shoots. Calcium superphosphate was applied 900g per plant per year. 1.8~2.2kg was applied to each plant of potassium sulfate every year. Drainage and irrigation buffalo avocado is evergreen all the year round, and it is necessary to keep the rhizosphere soil moist throughout the year, which is very sensitive to soil drought. once there is a lack of water, the physiological function is blocked, and the tree is weak, which leads to falling leaves and fruit, and the cold resistance is reduced in winter, so proper irrigation should be applied during drought. From fruit setting to fruit ripening, it is very important to maintain soil moisture. If the young fruit falls off seriously in the first month of fruit setting due to drought. In Hainan Island, the dry and hot weather from April to May caused serious fruit drop of avocado. Therefore, if it is sunny for 10 to 20 days and the garden soil begins to crack, it should be irrigated in time; if the rainfall is lower than transpiration and evaporation for a long time, supplementary irrigation should also be added. However, irrigation should be just right, not only sufficient, but also avoid excessive, generally soaking through the soil is appropriate, if too wet, it will aggravate root rot, but also reduce the content of soluble solids in fruit. It is best to use sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation. Flooding irrigation may cause root rot, and drip irrigation can save water by 50% to 60%. Some dry leaves begin to curl, and the crown can be sprayed with water. Pay attention to drainage in the rainy season, especially in flat orchards. (4) the mode of reproduction is propagated by seed and grafting. It is best to use container seedling, seedling diameter thick 0.8~1cm can be grafted, multi-use bud grafting or abdominal grafting method. The seedling 50~60cm can be planted, and the row spacing of the planted plants is 56.6m. Grafted seedlings were planted for 3 ~ 4 years or seedlings for 4 ~ 6 years to bloom and bear fruit. The mature trees produced 25~50kg and 100~150kg with high yield. (5) Disease control of avocado root rot (phytophthora cinnamomi rands) is the most destructive disease, and the main pests are leaf moth, beetle, aphid and so on. 6 varieties classified avocado (Butyrospermum parkii), also known as avocado, avocado, or avocado, has a large stone, its flesh is yellowish green and tastes like butter, known as "forest avocado", native to Mexico and Central America, and later widely cultivated in California, so California has become the largest avocado producer in the world. Avocado has not been cultivated for a long time, but it has been widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics, with the most cultivated in the United States, Guatemala, Mexico and Cuba. Avocado varieties in the world are usually divided into three groups: Mexico (M), Guatemala (G) and West Indies (W). Variety Haas, G line, California breeding, can stay tree storage for up to 2-3 months; Lula, G × M line, Florida breeding, high yield, large fruit, oil content 12% 16%, is one of the best varieties; Pollock, W line, Florida breeding, fruit large, 400g 680g; early maturity, good taste; Bourne 7g G × M line, oil content 10% 14%, smooth and refreshing, good flavor. Introduced into China in 1918, it is mainly Mexican, and only a small amount of cultivation is found in Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan and Yunnan. China has introduced more than 70 commercial varieties, including Haas, Lula, Pollock, Bourne 7 and Bourne 8, etc. (7) the main producing areas in the distribution area are the United States, Chile and New Zealand. Avocado has been introduced and cultivated in China since the 1920s, and has been cultivated and distributed in Hainan, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces (autonomous regions). Guangxi has built an important avocado production base in the country. Multipurpose seeds are used for propagation, but budding or striping can also be used for propagation. 8 Dietotherapy or medicinal value edible value because avocado is rich in nutrients and suitable for consumption, the United States, Japan, Europe and other countries and regions regard it as fruit treasures. Avocado pulp is rich in nutrition, containing 23.49 grams of fat, 5.6 grams of sugar, 1.25 grams of protein, 1.8 grams of fiber, 0.7 grams of ash and 8 milligrams of vitamin C per 100 grams of pulp. It is a kind of high-energy fruit with a nutritional value equal to that of cream. It is also rich in various vitamins, minerals, healthy fats and phytochemicals. The oil content of nuts is 8% to 29%. Oil is a kind of non-drying oil, which has no irritation, low acidity and can be preserved for a long time after emulsification. Unsaturated fatty acids avocados contain fat, but all are beneficial monounsaturated fats, which can reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease. Among them, oleic acid is a kind of unit unsaturated fat in avocado, which can replace the saturated fat in diet and reduce cholesterol level. Fiber avocado is high in fiber (an avocado provides 34% of the daily intake of dietary fiber) because soluble fiber removes excess cholesterol from the body, while insoluble fiber helps keep the digestive system functioning normally and prevent constipation. Folic acid avocado is a good source of folic acid (one avocado provides 57 micrograms of folic acid, or 28% of the daily intake). This important vitamin can prevent congenital neural tube defects in fetuses and reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease in adults. Magnesium, a mineral, helps relieve premenstrual syndrome, migraine, anxiety and other discomfort. 9 Economic value of functional use after planting for 3-4 years, the yield of avocado trees was relatively stable from the 6th year, and the investment fund was relatively small. The yield of avocado trees was very high, with an average of 60-70 kg per tree, and some trees reached 200 kg, which had high economic value. The sugar content of avocado pulp is very low, which is 1 / 5 of the sugar content of banana. it is a rare high-fat and low-sugar food for patients with diabetes. Drinking with pericarp soaking water has a relieving effect on diabetes. Beauty avocado pulp has a good affinity with human skin, is easily absorbed by the skin, has a strong absorption to ultraviolet light, and is rich in vitamin E and carotene, so it has good skin care, sunscreen and health care. The United States, Japan and other countries have widely used in skin care cream, facial cleanser, facial mask, shampoo, sunscreen and other more than 240 kinds of cosmetics. Avocado is rich in glyceric acid, protein and vitamins, moisturizing but not greasy, is a natural antioxidant, not only softens and moisturizes the skin, but also shrinks large pores. Storage technology imported avocado can achieve higher benefits by keeping trees for storage and low temperature storage after harvest to prolong the fruit supply period and adjust the market demand. After the storage avocado fruit is physiologically ripe, it can be harvested in the tree for a period of time, that is, delayed harvest. In California, Haas and Fulte varieties can retain trees for half a year or more after their fruits are ripe, and in Florida, trees can be retained for 3 weeks to 3 months after maturity. Generally speaking, West Indian varieties leave trees for a shorter time after fruit ripening. Avocado fruit never ripens softly on the tree, because the respiratory peak occurs only in the consequences of harvest. Of course, the length of time for the fruit to stay in the tree depends on the local climatic conditions and whether the management is convenient or not. The fruit left on the tree is the most convenient to store. [2] after picking avocado fruit in postharvest storage, various life activities are still going on, the most obvious of which is respiration. The key to successful storage is to reduce respiration to a minimum, thus delaying fruit senescence and physiological decay. The most widely used method is low temperature storage, which can reduce the respiratory intensity of avocado to about 1 beat 3, and inhibit the growth of bacteria, thus reducing nutrient consumption and decay loss. However, the response of avocado to low temperature varied with varieties. Some varieties were stored at 6 ℃ for a long time, while others showed chilling injury, softening and odor at 13 ℃. The recommended storage temperature is 12.8 ℃ for West Indian varieties, 8 ℃ for Guatemala varieties and 4 ℃ for Mexican varieties. The recommended relative humidity for storage time is 80%-90%. In Australia, Haas varieties use 5 ℃ and other varieties use 7 ℃, which can be stored for 4 weeks, and the fruit begins to soften within 1-3 days after being removed from the cold storage. The soft ripening fruits can be stored in 2 ℃ for 5 days. In addition, it can be stored in controlled atmosphere. The ripening process of avocado fruit is initially caused by endogenous ethylene. 0.000-0.0001% ethylene will cause a respiratory peak, and the fruit will soften and reach edible maturity 1-3 days after the respiratory peak. If ethylene is continuously removed, the storage time can be doubled. In addition, reducing the oxygen concentration and increasing the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage environment can also prolong the storage time. At 7.2 ℃, 2% oxygen concentration and 10% carbon dioxide concentration, the storage life was doubled and the storage time was as long as 6-8 weeks.