How to raise Anthurium andraeanum

Anthurium andraeanum flowers are unique, there are Buddha inflorescences, bright and gorgeous colors, rich colors, leaf-shaped bracts, common bracts are red, pink, white and so on, which are of great ornamental value, so do you know how to raise Anthurium andraeanum?

How to raise Anthurium andraeanum

1. Nutrients for the growth of Anthurium andraeanum

The nutrients needed for the growth of Anthurium andraeanum are carbohydrates, a large number of elements and trace elements.

1. Carbohydrate is the most important nutrient for the growth of Anthurium andraeanum, which comes from photosynthesis. Carbon comes from carbon dioxide in the air, and hydrogen and oxygen are obtained from water.

two。 A large number of elements are needed in the growth process of Anthurium andraeanum, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, magnesium and calcium. The effects of these elements complement each other. These six elements are mainly obtained from the matrix or artificially added.

3. Trace elements are small but indispensable elements in the growth process of Anthurium andraeanum, such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron and so on.

2. the relationship between light and the growth of Anthurium andraeanum.

Anthurium andraeanum grows according to the "→ flower → leaf → flower" cycle, and the inflorescence is formed in the axils of each leaf, which results in the same yield of flowers and leaves. A very important factor affecting yield is light. Excessive light will inhibit plant growth and lead to discoloration or burns of leaves and flowers, which has a great impact on flower yield and quality. On the contrary, when the light intensity is too low, due to the lack of plant assimilation products, it is easy to cause smaller flowers, softer stems and lower yield. The suitable light intensity for Anthurium andraeanum growth is 10000 to 22000 lux.

The illumination control of Anthurium andraeanum in greenhouse can be controlled by movable shading net. Cover up 75% of the light on a sunny day, the ideal light intensity for the greenhouse is about 20000 lux, and the maximum light intensity should not exceed 22000 lux for a long time. There is no need to block out the sun in the morning, evening or rainy days. Anthurium andraeanum has different light requirements in different growth stages: if the light requirement is higher in the vegetative growth stage, it can be appropriately increased to promote its growth; during flowering, the light requirement is low, and the movable shade net can be used to adjust the light to 10000 lux to 15000 lux to prevent the bud from discoloration and affect the ornamental.

3. Effect of temperature on the growth of Anthurium andraeanum.

The growth of Anthurium andraeanum is sensitive to temperature. The suitable temperature for the growth of Anthurium andraeanum is 14 ℃ to 35 ℃, the optimum temperature is 19 ℃ to 25 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is 3 ℃ to 6 ℃, that is, the temperature is 21 ℃ to 25 ℃ in daytime and 19 ℃ at night. Under such temperature conditions, it is beneficial to the absorption and accumulation of nutrients in Anthurium andraeanum and to the growth and flowering of Anthurium andraeanum. If the temperature is lower than 13 ℃ for a long time, the plant will not die, but it will be difficult to resume growth for a long time; when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃ and the light is enough, the leaves are prone to burn, because the damaged leaves will not be reversed, which will directly affect the overall quality of Anthurium andraeanum.

In the high temperature season, by opening the wet curtain and ventilation equipment to reduce the indoor temperature, in order to avoid flower bud abortion or distortion caused by high temperature. Be careful not to spray the leaves in the evening to ensure that there are no drops of water on the leaves of Anthurium andraeanum at night. Avoid high temperature burning leaves, so that Anthurium andraeanum scorched leaves, bud teratogenicity, discoloration phenomenon. In the cold winter, when the indoor day and night temperature is lower than 18 ℃, it is necessary to keep warm to prevent frost injury.

4. effect of humidity on the growth of Anthurium andraeanum.

Anthurium andraeanum has relatively high requirements for air humidity. If the humidity is too low, the plant will age, and the leaves and flowers will be smaller; if the humidity is too high, the plant will grow very fragile and the fungus will easily invade. The key to the industrial production of Anthurium andraeanum is to maintain a relatively high air humidity, which is beneficial to the growth of Anthurium andraeanum. When the temperature is between 20 ℃ and 28 ℃, the humidity should be between 60% and 70%; when the temperature is above 28 ℃, the humidity should be between 70% and 80%. Especially in the high temperature season, spray system and atomization system can be used to increase the relative humidity of the air in the greenhouse to create a high humidity growth environment. However, in winter, even if the temperature of the greenhouse is higher, it is not suitable to keep too much moisture, because the plant leaves are too wet will reduce its cold protection ability, easy to make frostbite, is not conducive to safe overwintering.

How to water Anthurium andraeanum

Natural Rain Water is the best water source for Anthurium andraeanum cultivation. For example, when tap water is used in factory production, the pH value of water should be controlled between 5.2 and 6.1, the content of sodium and chloride ions per liter of water should be less than 1.7 milligrams, and the electrical conductivity should be less than 1.0. Potted Anthurium andraeanum has different water requirements at different growth and development stages. In the seedling stage, because the root system of the plant is weak, the distribution in the substrate is shallow, and it is not resistant to drought, it should be watered at one time, often keep the substrate moist, urge it to draw more new roots early, and pay attention to the dry humidity of the basin substrate; in the middle and large seedling stage, the plant grows fast and requires more water, and the water supply must be sufficient; watering should be reduced and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased to promote flowering at flowering stage. In the process of watering, dry and wet must be carried out alternately, do not water in the case of serious lack of water, this will affect its normal growth and development.

How to prepare Anthurium andraeanum matrix

Because Anthurium andraeanum is epiphytic or semi-epiphytic under natural conditions, its aerial root can absorb water from moist air, so the cultivation substrate must be similar to its natural growth substrate, that is, it has better water retention, hydrophobicity and air permeability, otherwise it is easy to cause rotten roots. The requirements for culture medium of Anthurium andraeanum are as follows:

1. Good water retention.

two。 Can remove excess moisture in time.

3. It's not perishable.

4. It can keep loose and breathable for a long time.

5. Does not contain or release toxic substances.

The commonly used matrix is imported peat. In addition to the use of peat, more and more growers begin to use coconut bran. The sifted coconut bran can be used instead of peat, which has good wool absorption and relatively high air content. The use of 40% coconut bran will not cause any problems in cultivation.

How to fertilize Anthurium andraeanum

The principle of fertilization is "application of thin fertilizer frequently". Different compound liquid fertilizers were applied according to the growth stages of Anthurium andraeanum, A fertilizer was applied in the growing stage, and B fertilizer and A fertilizer were applied in the flowering stage. Generally, the dry and wet degree of the substrate in the basin can be irrigated once in 2 to 3 days, once in 2 days in summer, once in high temperature, and 5 to 7 days in autumn. Each fertilization must be operated by a special person, and strictly control the dilution concentration and application amount of liquid fertilizer (mother liquor). The EC value of diluted liquid fertilizer is between 0.5 and 1.5, and the pH value is between 5.2 and 6.2. In addition, after 2 hours of application of liquid fertilizer, the leaves of the plants were sprayed with water with a spray system to rinse the fertilizer left on the leaves to keep the leaves clean. The nutritional status of the plant should be sampled regularly in order to improve its absorption of fertilizer solution in time.

Matters needing attention in changing the basin of Anthurium andraeanum

The matrix should be loose when changing the basin. Changing the pot depends on the growth of the fleshy root system of the seedlings. if the root system has grown full and stout, it will wrap around the medium surface along the inner wall of the flowerpot, and the pot needs to be changed at this time.

When changing the pot, you should first pad a layer of medium at the bottom of the basin, and the thickness depends on the height of the medium and the depth of the flowerpot. Take out the Anthurium andraeanum seedlings from the small pot with the medium, place them in the center of the flowerpot, cover the soil to the junction of the root and stem, and then gently pat it.

The operation method of changing the basin is basically the same as that of planting, and it is necessary to pour clear water immediately after changing the basin.

9. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Anthurium andraeanum

In order to control Anthurium andraeanum diseases and insect pests, we should first improve the cultivation techniques and management level, and must adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive management". In the process of Anthurium andraeanum cultivation, the following should be done:

1. Strengthen the quarantine and disinfection of Anthurium andraeanum. Before entering the cultivation site, the seedlings of Anthurium andraeanum must be strictly quarantined to prevent the source of the disease from entering. Clean and hygienic, and regularly check, form a system; thoroughly disinfect greenhouse facilities and media; timely remove and burn fallen leaves, diseased leaves, rotten roots and diseased plants; staff need to wash their hands with sterilized soap or 75% alcohol.

two。 Improve the environment and improve the cultivation techniques. The occurrence and development of diseases and insect pests should have certain environmental conditions. Anthurium andraeanum grows vigorously, its resistance is strong, and it is not easy for diseases and insect pests to invade. Ensuring a clean, ventilated and transparent cultivation environment can promote the vigorous growth of Anthurium andraeanum and improve its ability to resist diseases and insect pests.

3. Give priority to prevention and spray regularly. Spray medicine regularly to kill germs and insect pests before causing damage. The quality of Anthurium andraeanum was affected in the early stage of the disease or the re-treatment of the disease.

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests must adhere to the above three aspects complement each other.

How to improve the ornamental quality of Anthurium andraeanum

1. Adjust the direction. Adjust the direction of the plant regularly, usually once every half a month, and transfer the new bud and weak growth side to the sunny side, in order to balance the plant growth and improve the plant shape.

two。 Remove sucking buds. For most Anthurium andraeanum varieties, one sucking bud can be retained on each plant. if the number of sucking buds is too large, it will cause the plant to bend its stem and blossom less.

3. Adjust the basin distance. If you want to get a good plant shape, you must have a reasonable distance between pots. The usual standard of basin spacing is that the leaves are in contact with each other without staggered coverage. For varieties with short plants and too many tillers, the basin spacing should be smaller in order to reduce branches and promote its upward growth; for varieties with weak tillering ability, the basin spacing should be kept larger, which can promote tillers and make the plant shape more and more plump.

4. Cut off the buds. If there are too many buds growing on the same line, they should be cut off properly to reduce nutrition consumption. The object of pruning is the bud at the base of the lateral leaflet.

5. Cut off the presbyopia. The old flowers which have lost their ornamental value have a large consumption of nutrients, so they should be cut off in time to promote the vegetative growth of the plants and make them draw out new leaves and flowers as soon as possible.

6. Straighten out the plants. Straighten out the leaves and stems in time. Try to concentrate the flowers in the center of the plant and stretch the leaves around to make the plant look fuller and more layered.

7. Plant classification. According to the growth potential, it is placed on different planting beds for maintenance.

8. Replenish the matrix. Replenish the substrate to the plants with shallow and exposed roots in time, so that the roots are in full contact with the substrate, so as to absorb nutrition and water, increase the ability of plant self-rejuvenation, and then prolong the life span of flowers and increase the yield of flowers.

How to prepare Anthurium andraeanum matrix

Because Anthurium andraeanum is epiphytic or semi-epiphytic under natural conditions, its aerial root can absorb water from moist air, so the cultivation substrate must be similar to its natural growth substrate, that is, it has better water retention, hydrophobicity and air permeability, otherwise it is easy to cause rotten roots. The requirements for culture medium of Anthurium andraeanum are as follows:

1. Good water retention.

two。 Can remove excess moisture in time.

3. It's not perishable.

4. It can keep loose and breathable for a long time.

5. Does not contain or release toxic substances.

The commonly used matrix is imported peat. In addition to the use of peat, more and more growers begin to use coconut bran. The sifted coconut bran can be used instead of peat, which has good wool absorption and relatively high air content. The use of 40% coconut bran will not cause any problems in cultivation.

How to fertilize Anthurium andraeanum

The principle of fertilization is "application of thin fertilizer frequently". Different compound liquid fertilizers were applied according to the growth stages of Anthurium andraeanum, A fertilizer was applied in the growing stage, and B fertilizer and A fertilizer were applied in the flowering stage. Generally, the dry and wet degree of the substrate in the basin can be irrigated once in 2 to 3 days, once in 2 days in summer, once in high temperature, and 5 to 7 days in autumn. Each fertilization must be operated by a special person, and strictly control the dilution concentration and application amount of liquid fertilizer (mother liquor). The EC value of diluted liquid fertilizer is between 0.5 and 1.5, and the pH value is between 5.2 and 6.2. In addition, after 2 hours of application of liquid fertilizer, the leaves of the plants were sprayed with water with a spray system to rinse the fertilizer left on the leaves to keep the leaves clean. The nutritional status of the plant should be sampled regularly in order to improve its absorption of fertilizer solution in time.

Matters needing attention in changing the basin of Anthurium andraeanum

The matrix should be loose when changing the basin. Changing the pot depends on the growth of the fleshy root system of the seedlings. if the root system has grown full and stout, it will wrap around the medium surface along the inner wall of the flowerpot, and the pot needs to be changed at this time.

When changing the pot, you should first pad a layer of medium at the bottom of the basin, and the thickness depends on the height of the medium and the depth of the flowerpot. Take out the Anthurium andraeanum seedlings from the small pot with the medium, place them in the center of the flowerpot, cover the soil to the junction of the root and stem, and then gently pat it.

The operation method of changing the basin is basically the same as that of planting, and it is necessary to pour clear water immediately after changing the basin.

9. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Anthurium andraeanum

In order to control Anthurium andraeanum diseases and insect pests, we should first improve the cultivation techniques and management level, and must adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive management". In the process of Anthurium andraeanum cultivation, the following should be done:

1. Strengthen the quarantine and disinfection of Anthurium andraeanum. Before entering the cultivation site, the seedlings of Anthurium andraeanum must be strictly quarantined to prevent the source of the disease from entering. Clean and hygienic, and regularly check, form a system; thoroughly disinfect greenhouse facilities and media; timely remove and burn fallen leaves, diseased leaves, rotten roots and diseased plants; staff need to wash their hands with sterilized soap or 75% alcohol.

two。 Improve the environment and improve the cultivation techniques. The occurrence and development of diseases and insect pests should have certain environmental conditions. Anthurium andraeanum grows vigorously, its resistance is strong, and it is not easy for diseases and insect pests to invade. Ensuring a clean, ventilated and transparent cultivation environment can promote the vigorous growth of Anthurium andraeanum and improve its ability to resist diseases and insect pests.

3. Give priority to prevention and spray regularly. Spray medicine regularly to kill germs and insect pests before causing damage. The quality of Anthurium andraeanum was affected in the early stage of the disease or the re-treatment of the disease.

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests must adhere to the above three aspects complement each other.

How to improve the ornamental quality of Anthurium andraeanum

1. Adjust the direction. Adjust the direction of the plant regularly, usually once every half a month, and transfer the new bud and weak growth side to the sunny side, in order to balance the plant growth and improve the plant shape.

two。 Remove sucking buds. For most Anthurium andraeanum varieties, one sucking bud can be retained on each plant. if the number of sucking buds is too large, it will cause the plant to bend its stem and blossom less.

3. Adjust the basin distance. If you want to get a good plant shape, you must have a reasonable distance between pots. The usual standard of basin spacing is that the leaves are in contact with each other without staggered coverage. For varieties with short plants and too many tillers, the basin spacing should be smaller in order to reduce branches and promote its upward growth; for varieties with weak tillering ability, the basin spacing should be kept larger, which can promote tillers and make the plant shape more and more plump.

4. Cut off the buds. If there are too many buds growing on the same line, they should be cut off properly to reduce nutrition consumption. The object of pruning is the bud at the base of the lateral leaflet.

5. Cut off the presbyopia. The old flowers which have lost their ornamental value have a large consumption of nutrients, so they should be cut off in time to promote the vegetative growth of the plants and make them draw out new leaves and flowers as soon as possible.

6. Straighten out the plants. Straighten out the leaves and stems in time. Try to concentrate the flowers in the center of the plant and stretch the leaves around to make the plant look fuller and more layered.

7. Plant classification. According to the growth potential, it is placed on different planting beds for maintenance.

8. Replenish the matrix. Replenish the substrate to the plants with shallow and exposed roots in time, so that the roots are in full contact with the substrate, so as to absorb nutrition and water, increase the ability of plant self-rejuvenation, and then prolong the life span of flowers and increase the yield of flowers.