Flower culture techniques: special requirements of flowers for moisture, effects on flower growth and development

Water is an important raw material for photosynthesis of flowers. Only when the nutrients in the soil are dissolved in water can they be absorbed and utilized by flowers. Flowers rely on transpiration of leaves to regulate their body temperature, which is mainly the role of water. Therefore, flowers cannot survive without water. Potted flowers mainly rely on artificial watering to supply water, so whether watering is appropriate or not is extremely important. In the process of cultivation and management of flowers, water should be flexibly mastered according to the requirements of each period.

(1) different flower species have different requirements for moisture.

The water requirement of flowers is related to the water conditions of its origin. Flowers originating in tropical and tropical rain forests need more water, while flowers originating in arid areas need less water; flowers with large leaves, soft texture, smooth and hairless need more water, and flowers with small leaves, hard texture, waxy layer or dense hairs need less water. According to the water requirements of different kinds of flowers, they can be divided into four categories.

1. Aquatic flowers

Flowers that grow in water or marshes for a long time, such as lotus, water lilies, king lilies, lilies, etc. This kind of flower plants have well-developed aerated tissue, through which the roots exchange gas with the upper stems and leaves, so they are suitable for growing in water.

2. Wet flowers

Need to grow in the humid environment of flowers, such as ferns, sea taro, Xilin taro, tortoise back bamboo and so on. This kind of flowers need a lot of water and high air humidity during the growth period, otherwise they will grow poorly or even die. In cultivation and management, the principle of "better wet than dry" should be grasped.

3. Xerophytic flowers

Under drought conditions, flowers that can grow and develop normally, such as cactus, Sedum, and so on. This kind of flowers have formed the morphological structure and physiological adaptability to adapt to the arid climate and ecological environment, so they have strong drought tolerance. Most of these flowers have developed roots, high cell concentration and high osmotic pressure; the leaves become smaller or degenerate into needling, spiny or fleshy, leathery or waxy epidermis, small stomata, succulent stems, etc., all of which greatly reduce the loss of water in the body. The principle of "better than wet" should be grasped in the cultivation of this kind of flowers.

4. Mesophytic flowers

The water requirement of this kind of flowers is between xerophytes and wet flowers, and most open-field flowers belong to this type, such as rose, chrysanthemum, peony, tulip and so on.

(2) Water requirements of the same flower at different growth stages

There are obvious differences in water requirements of the same kind of flower at different growth stages. Seeds need more water when they germinate before they can expand and germinate. generally, the water absorption of seeds is 50%-100% of seed weight; after seed germination, because the root system is weak, the distribution in the soil is shallow, and the ability to resist drought is weak, the soil must always be kept moist; during the seedling growth period, moisture should be properly controlled to promote root development, which will lead to excessive growth. During the period of flower bud differentiation, water should be reduced appropriately to control stem and leaf growth and promote flower bud differentiation; more water was needed in bud gestation and flowering stage, and water demand decreased after flowering stage. On the other hand, flowering flowers should be watered less and their flowering time should be prolonged as far as possible; fruit flowers should be watered more during flowering period to promote fruit setting.

Effect of Water on Flower Culture

Effect of Water on Flower Culture

1. The significance of Water to Flower growth

Water must participate in all life activities of flowers, this is because: water is the main component of flower cells, 70%-90% of the fresh weight of flowers is water; water is one of the main raw materials for photosynthesis of flowers; nutrients in soil can only be absorbed by flowers when they are dissolved in water; water flow and evaporation play a very important role in the transport of nutrients and the regulation of temperature.

two。 Moisture requirements of different types of flowers

According to the different water requirements of flowers, flowers are usually divided into the following five categories:

(1) Aquatic flowers need flowers that live in water, such as lotus, water lily, king lotus and so on.

(2) Wet flowers need flowers that live in wet places, such as Araceae plants such as tortoise-backed bamboos, calla lilies, sea taros, etc., and ferns such as iron ferns. If this kind of flowers lack sufficient water, they often grow poorly or even die. Therefore, watering should grasp the principle of "rather wet than ten". It is necessary to keep the basin soil moist, why not accumulate water, otherwise it is easy to cause rotten roots.

(3) the vast majority of mesophytic flowers that grow in moist soil, such as pomegranate, rose, Milan, Fusang, magnolia, brown bamboo, hanging orchid, begonia, 2012 grass flowers and bulbous flowers, belong to this type. This kind of flowers should grasp the principle of "dry and wet" in water management.

The so-called "see ten" means that after watering once, the soil will be watered for the second time when the soil is white and the surface soil is dry. We must not wait for the basin soil to dry before watering.

The so-called "see wet" means that every time it is watered, it must be watered thoroughly, that is, until the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin has water seeping out, it is not possible to pour "half of the water" (that is, wet and dry), because the roots of a pot of flowers that are growing vigorously are mostly concentrated in the bottom of the pot. half-cut-off watering equals no watering.

Watering by the method of "dry and wet" can ensure the oxygen needed for root respiration, which is beneficial to the robust growth of flowers.

(4) semi-drought-tolerant flowers and plants some evergreen flowers and trees native to high mountains, although the local air humidity is very high, but the soil layer of the rocks is very thin, and they are all humus soil formed by the decay of the dead branches and leaves of the trees, which creates a good aeration condition for root growth. In order to survive the dry season in the tropics and subtropics, these plants must have the ability to resist drought when the soil layer is very thin. Therefore, most of the leaves are covered with thick waxy layer, such as camellia, cycad, magnolia, etc.; the leaves of some plants are covered with hairs, such as geranium, rhododendron, and so on; and some plants become needle-like leaves, such as Tianmendong. Some perennial evergreen herbaceous flowers have thick fleshy roots, regardless of main root and whisker root, nor Lignification, more water can be stored in the root, and respiration is also quite exuberant. if the basin soil contains too much water, it is extremely disadvantageous to the respiration of fleshy roots, often rotten roots, such as orchids, orchids, orchids and so on, they can resist 2-3 days of absolute drought without withering.

For this kind of semi-drought-tolerant flowers, the principle of "dry and thoroughly irrigated" should be grasped in the water supply, that is to say, the basin soil should be watered thoroughly once and for all.

(5) drought-tolerant flowers refer to flowers that can survive under drought conditions, such as cactus, sedum, tequila, stone lotus and so on. This kind of flowers are native to places that are often short of water or seasonally short of water, some leaves degenerate into thorns, and some stems and leaves are hypertrophic and can store a lot of water, so they can endure drought, but they are afraid of waterlogging, and if they are watered too much, it is easy to cause rotten roots, rotten stems and even death. Therefore, watering should grasp the principle of "better dry than wet" in order to keep the basin soil dry.

Temperature requirements for Family Flower Culture

Among the various environmental factors, temperature is one of the important environmental conditions affecting the growth and development of flowers. All life activities of flowers can only be carried out normally under certain temperature conditions. The temperature directly affects the growth and development of flowers.

There are many kinds of flowers, different producing areas, and different requirements for temperature. The growth and development of each kind of flower has certain requirements for temperature. Different kinds of flowers, different climatic types of origin, different requirements for temperature. If you exceed the adaptive temperature range, fertility will be impaired and even die.

In greenhouse cultivation, according to the winter temperature of greenhouse, the greenhouse is divided into high temperature greenhouse (18 ℃), medium temperature greenhouse (12 ℃), low temperature greenhouse (8 ℃) and cold room (0 ℃). Flowers of different temperatures should be cultivated in the corresponding greenhouse. In the family maintenance and management, although it can not be distinguished too clearly due to the limitation of conditions, the flowers that like high temperature and cool should be separated according to the needs of flowers.

Flowers originating in tropical areas like high temperature and humidity. When cultivating these flowers, the temperature should not be lower than 18 ℃ at night in winter and above 25 ℃ in daytime. Such as Phalaenopsis, poinsettia, ornamental pineapple, evergreen and so on. When the temperature dropped below 15: 10 ℃, the normal physiological activity was affected, the absorptive capacity of the root decreased or stopped, the aboveground parts showed wilting of the tender branches and leaves, and the old leaves withered and fell off. A short time of low temperature can recover, but a longer time will cause plant death.

Flowers that like higher temperatures, such as orchids, tortoise back bamboos, forest taros, sea taros, ferns, bamboo taros, synthetic fruit taros, Jasper, etc., when the winter temperature is too low, black spots appear on the leaves, leaves curl, atrophy, yellowing or even fall off, resulting in plant death; flowers with lower temperatures, if the winter temperature is too high, the plant will not be able to fully dormancy and empty consumption of nutrients, thus affecting the growth and flowering of the second year.

High temperatures can also do harm to flowers. When the ambient temperature exceeds the maximum temperature that flowers can bear, it will inhibit the normal life activities of flowers. High temperature environment can cause protein condensation and denaturation in cells, destroy chloroplasts and stop photosynthesis; high temperature can also enhance respiration and increase nutrient consumption. In the case of dry climate, too high temperature can cause stomatal imbalance, loss of water in flowers, withering leaves and branches, and serious plant death. In order to avoid the harm of high temperature and drought, it is necessary to shade, ventilate and sprinkle water on the leaves or around the plants in the hot summer to lower the temperature and increase the humidity.

The diurnal change of temperature also has a great influence on the growth of flowers. In the suitable temperature range, the higher the temperature during the day, the more conducive to plant photosynthesis, the more nutrients synthesized; the lower the temperature at night, the less nutrients consumed, the more conducive to their own nutrient accumulation. That is, in the range of suitable temperature, the greater the temperature difference between day and night, the more conducive to growth. It should be noted that family flower cultivation must avoid higher temperature at night than during the day, otherwise it will lead to serious growth hindrance and inexplicable sudden death of the plant.