How to disinfect the soil of flower culture?

The common disinfection methods of household soil are cooking disinfection, formalin disinfection and carbon disulfide disinfection and so on.

① cooking disinfection method is to prepare the cultivation soil, put it in a proper container, and cook it in a pot with water. This method is limited to small-scale cultivation with a small amount of soil. Steam can also be put into the soil for disinfection, requiring a steam temperature of 100-120 ℃ and a disinfection time of 40-60 minutes. This is the most effective method of disinfection.

② formalin disinfection method is in every cubic meter of cultivation soil, evenly sprinkle 40% formalin 40000ml, and then pile up the soil, covered with plastic film, after 48 hours, formalin into gas, remove the cover of the film on the heap, spread out the mound, when formalin is completely reduced to gas, the disinfection is completed.

③ carbon disulfide disinfection method is to accumulate culture soil first, penetrate several holes at the top of the mound, use about 350g carbon disulfide in proportion to 100m3 of soil, and cover tightly with straw at the opening of the hole after injection. After 48-72 hours, the grass cover was removed and the mound was spread out, so that all carbon disulfide was lost.

The common disinfection methods of soil in nursery are:

① formalin disinfection method: every square meter of nursery land is sprayed with 50 ml formalin plus 20 liters of water on the surface, then covered with plastic film for about 10 days, remove the cover for 2 to 3 days, so that the gas can be distributed.

② ferrous sulfate disinfection method: every square meter of nursery land is disinfected with 1 liter of ferrous sulfate solution, which can be used after the smell volatilizes.

③ Bordeaux solution disinfection method: every square meter of soil is sprayed with 5 liters of Bordeaux solution (cupric sulfate: lime: water = 1: 1, 100) and sprayed with 10 grams of Gaselisan, which can be used after the soil is dry.

④ carbendazim disinfection method: every square meter of nursery soil with 50% wettable powder 1.5g, or according to the proportion of 1:20 into disinfection soil scattered on the seedbed, can effectively carry out disinfection treatment.

⑤ disinfection method: 50% water-soluble ammonium 350 times dilution per square nursery soil, which can not be used until the soil is slightly dry.

The soil should be selected for flower cultivation, and the nutritious soil has a great influence on flower culture.

The most basic requirement of flowers for soil is to have fertility, that is, it requires that the soil is relatively loose, has certain air permeability and water retention, contains a certain amount of organic matter, does not crack when dry, does not form a close mass when wet, sufficient nutrients, moderate pH, and no latent diseases and insect pests. The above are just the general requirements of flowers for soil. Specifically, different flowers require different soils, such as jasmine, rhododendron, camellia and other flowers like acidic soil with a pH value less than 6.5, while cactus and cactus ball flowers and plants prefer slightly alkaline soil. When planting such plants, mix a certain amount of old wall soil (calcareous) into the basin soil. If the soil does not meet the requirements of flowers, flowers will not grow well, or even wither and die.

Generally speaking, we call light nutrient matrix as light soil, artificial light culture soil, nutrient soil and so on. The requirements of nutritious soil are high content of organic matter, complete nutrients, reasonable soil structure and active beneficial microorganisms. Its characteristics are as follows: first, the soil is nutritious and has a good soil ecological environment, which can meet the healthy growth of crops; second, it has strong ability to conserve water and fertilizer, which can improve the survival rate of plants; third, it simplifies operation and facilitates management. Detailed preparation methods of nutritious soil:

According to different conditions can prepare different nutrient soil, this is not a very definite preparation method, the following briefly introduces several preparation methods for reference.

Nutrient soil preparation method 1: 65% of fertile garden soil, 10% of fine sand, 25% of burning soil, sifted, mixed with 0.4% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and put into a nutrition bag or bowl.

Preparation method of nutritious soil 2: sifted sandy loam and rotten cake fertilizer according to 7:3 ratio

The third method for the preparation of nutritious soil: sifted rotten farm manure and clay, peat soil and sandy loam were prepared according to the ratio of 1: 1, 3: 3, 3: 3. Nutritious soil can also be prepared with sifted rotten farm manure, clay, sandy loam and sawdust according to 1-1-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-3-1-1-1-1-1-3-1-1-3- After the nutritious soil is prepared, spray water and stir it into a wet state and set aside.

(1) the conditions of nutritious soil

The main results are as follows: 1. The texture of the nutritious soil must be dense and uniform, and it can hold on to the seeds and seedlings, no matter whether it is dry or wet, its volume does not change much, such as the texture is too loose, the soil mass is easy to be loose, too sticky and easy to harden.

2. The performance of water and fertilizer conservation of nutritious soil is better: because the container is small and the nutritious soil is less, the water and nutrients needed for seedling growth must be replenished frequently, so the nutritious soil must have good performance of water and fertilizer conservation.

3. Nutritious soil has good permeability, sufficient porosity, good ventilation and water permeability. To meet the needs of moisture for seed germination and seedling growth.

4. the material of nutritious soil should be light in weight, rich in resources and low in price. If the nutrient soil is too heavy, it is extremely disadvantageous to transportation and transportation.

5. there are no diseases, insects and weed seeds in the nutritious soil. If there are many weeds in container seedlings, it is extremely inconvenient to pick weeds. If diseases and insect pests occur, it will cause the death of a large number of container seedlings.

6. Low salt content, nutritious soil such as high salt content is easy to cause seedling death.

(2) Materials and formulations of nutritious soil

1. Materials of nutritious soil: sand, nursery topsoil, peat soil, moss peat, compost, vermiculite, perlite, turf soil, yellow soil, burning soil, forest humus soil, bark powder, rice husk ash, uncultivated mountain soil, pond mud, etc.

The main results are as follows: (1) Peat soil is the material of nutritive soil commonly used abroad. Peat is made up of the remains of various aquatic, wet swamp plants that are semi-rotten below the waterline. The formation of water moss, ash moss, or other mosses of peat, suitable for container breeding. Water moss peat has strong water holding capacity and high cation exchange capacity, which is beneficial for plants to absorb nutrients.

(2) Vermiculite is a stable inert matrix with good aeration, water permeability and water holding capacity, light texture and easy to transport, high temperature disinfection without diseases and insect pests, high cation exchange capacity and contains more nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and so on. These nutrients can be absorbed and utilized by plants. Nearly two decades, began to be used as a matrix in the cutting bed, vermiculite is a natural mica rock after heating expansion, in the natural ore of vermiculite, there are many thin layers, there is a small amount of water between thin layers, when the ore is baked at 1000 ℃ high temperature, the water between layers is converted into steam, after expansion, the thin layers are separated into porous sponge particles, and vermiculite is thoroughly sterilized through high temperature. After the expansion of vermiculite is very light, generally only 100~140Kg per cubic meter, neutral with good buffer performance, can absorb a lot of water, per cubic meter can absorb water 400~500Kg, vermiculite has a strong cation exchange capacity, so it can reserve nutrients gradually release.

(3) perlite is crushed and screened and baked at 760 ℃ to turn a small amount of water in the cuttings into steam, thus turning perlite into very small spongy particles. It can be used as cutting substrate and sowing mulching material. The chemical property of perlite is basically neutral, but it has no buffer effect, with only 70~120kg per cubic meter, strong water absorption capacity and water holding capacity of 3 to 4 times its own weight. The difference between perlite and vermiculite is that perlite does not have the ability of cation exchange and does not contain mineral nutrients. The function of perlite in container seedling cultivation is to increase the ventilation of the culture medium and prevent the consolidation of nutritious soil.

2. To inoculate and cultivate pine seedlings, mycorrhizal fungi should be inoculated, soil within 20cm from the pine forest should be dug, 10% mycorrhizal soil should be mixed into the substrate, and then filled with containers to sow and move seedlings. 3. The formula of nutritious soil generally takes two kinds of materials as the main matrix in the preparation of nutritious soil, and then some other materials are added to adjust the performance of nutritious soil (mainly from the four aspects of water holding capacity, aeration, volume specific gravity and cation exchange capacity of nutritious soil). In addition, some organic or inorganic fertilizers can also be mixed. Foreign commonly used formula: ① peat soil vermiculite 1

The method of flower culture? Materials needed for flower culture flower culture generally includes two forms: sexual culture and asexual culture. Plants are mated by male and female, fertilized and fruited to form seeds. The method by which seeds are then cultivated into new plants is called sexual culture or seed culture. Sexual breeding, hereditary instability, easy to mutation, people often use this law of variation, through the hybridization between different varieties, to cultivate new varieties. In flower cultivation, this method is often used in 2012 grass flowers and flower variety breeding. According to the growth habits of plants, people cut or separate a part of the tissue from the maternal plants for breeding, which is called asexual culture. Family flower cultivation, mostly the use of plant roots, stems, leaves, buds for breeding. Asexual culture can maintain its original excellent characters and original characteristics for most flowers, so it is widely used. The main methods of family flower cultivation and asexual culture are as follows: ramet, split 0, cutting, striping, grafting and so on.

Which materials and tools are necessary for sowing? the necessary materials before flower sowing mainly include soil, basin (plate). The sowing soil should be loose, meticulous, and can not only retain water but also drain water. A small amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizer in the soil can promote the growth and health of seedlings. It is best to disinfect the cultivated soil before use. The method is: put the culture soil into the oven or oven, put a sweet potato or potato in the box, heat to 150 ℃, after the potato is ripe, the culture soil is disinfected. Sterilized culture soil is good for sowing seeds or robes and preventing the growth of diseases, insects and algae. The pots used for sowing should be shallow rather than deep (with the exception of some paulownia seeds), because the seeds do not stay in the pot for a long time. The size of the basin can be determined according to the number of seeds. A small number of seeds can be used in small flowerpots, and those with many seeds can be used in large flowerpots or porous plastic pots. Their advantage is that it is easy to move. Conditional can be used to sow seeds in aquaculture boxes. The bottom of the aquaculture box is equipped with a circular small soil resistance line to control soil temperature. Generally, it can reach 20t-30r mur. there is a glass cover on the box, which can keep warm, moisturize and prevent rodent damage. When you need sunshade, you can cover a layer of newspaper. Most of the aquaculture boxes are placed by the sunny window, which can save electricity when the temperature is high. The aquaculture box for flower sowing can be used for both sowing and cuttings. If you encounter plants that are difficult to root or seeds that need high temperature to germinate, you can raise the base temperature to 35r.