Propagation method of Violet

The propagation of violets can be carried out by leaf insertion, ramet and sowing.

1. Violet can be propagated asexually by leaf cuttage, and the time should be in March to April, when the growth is most exuberant, the robust plants of good varieties should be selected-the leaf shape should be mature, cut off from the base of petiole, cut off the top half of the leaves, and the rest can be used as cuttings for propagation: the seedling bed can be selected with highly permeable earthen pottery flowerpots and washed with clean water. It is best to soak for 20 minutes with 0.1% potassium permanganate, strictly disinfect, or use plastic flowerpots instead of seedbeds! When the substrate can be cut with vermiculite, perlite and cuttings, the bamboo stick can be used to punch holes, insert all the petioles into the matrix, then lay the leaves flat on the surface of the matrix, pour the water thoroughly with the soaking basin method, put it in a moist shaded place, and manage it carefully. After the Violet leaves are inserted, the substrate should be kept moist, the temperature should be controlled at] 8 ℃ 22 ℃ during the day, 16-20 ℃ at night, the air relative humidity is 70% Mel 80%, and the shade is 30% Mel 40%. In such an excellent environment, the callus of the leaves will have root protoplast after about 20 mi 30 days, and new roots can grow in 40 mi 50 days, and buds can be produced in the aboveground part. When the seedlings grow to 4mi 5cm, they can be divided into pots and cultivated separately.

The famous European flower of Violet has been loved by people for a long time, and its flowers are all noble purple. Violet is the petal of cruciferous plants and the characteristic of the intersection of four-leaf petals of cruciferous plants. Many people like violets simply because of their beautiful legends and fragrant flowers, and their beauty always covers their own powerful effects. in fact, violets are rare beautiful plants with certain functions in nature.

Propagation method of Violet

The method of sowing is used to propagate violets. Violets have single-petal and double-petal varieties.

Single-petal varieties only have a single-petal flower, which usually has low ornamental value.

Among the offspring of double varieties propagated by violet seeds, there are both double plants and single plants. Because the stamens and pistils of double-petal plants are degenerated and can not bear fruit, the remaining seeds of double-petal varieties must be collected on single-petal plants. After sowing, the plants with single and double flowers generally account for about half of the seeds, and about 80% of the plants with double flowers can open double flowers after sowing. This proportion also increases or decreases due to the advantages and disadvantages of cultivation. There are some differences between the seeds and seedlings of double-petal and single-petal plants: the seed particles of double-petal varieties are smaller, the cotyledons are long-oval, and when the true leaves are 7-8, the leaf margin is more serrated, while the seeds of single-petal varieties are larger and full. the cotyledons are short oval, and the true leaf margin is less serrated.

Most of the varieties cultivated are biennial varieties, and the sowing time is usually from mid-late August to early October. If the plants are sown too late in the north, the plants are short, the cold resistance is poor, and the next spring is often poor flowering.

Annual seeds can be sowed in cool areas in summer and cultivated in cold beds, hotbeds and greenhouses, with flowers in the four seasons. However, in most parts of our country, it is suitable for biennial cultivation because of the hot summer. Tall varieties can cut off flower branches after flowering, apply topdressing, and can send out new branches and bloom for the second time from June to July.

Sowing seeds can be sown in pots or in seedling beds. Sandy loam with good drainage is used in basin soil and border soil. Before sowing, prepare the land (bed), soak the border (basin) soil with irrigation, and then sow the seeds in the border. Sowing should not be too dense, otherwise the seedlings are easy to suffer from quenching disease. The fine soil should be covered immediately after sowing, and the thickness of the soil should be 1.5-2 times of the seed diameter. To keep the soil moist after sowing, the seedling bed (seedling basin) should be shaded and the temperature should be kept between 20 and 25 ℃. The seedlings emerged about 10 days after sowing, and the shade was removed immediately after emergence, and the shade was gradually removed within 10-15 days after early sowing.

Violet is a taproot plant, the whisker root is underdeveloped, the root regeneration ability is poor, it is not resistant to transplanting, it is appropriate to divide the seedlings early, and the seedlings must bring more soil, do not scatter, do not hurt the root, once the root injury is not easy to recover. The seedlings were separated in a 10 × 8cm nutrition bowl when 2-3 true leaves were displayed. When the plant grows to 7-10 cm high (about mid-November), it will be boiled and cultivated in the greenhouse.

If used for flower bed ground planting, appropriate late sowing, seedlings overwintering in greenhouse or open field small arch shed, moved to open field planting in the early spring of the following year, plant spacing of 15cm to 20cm, Qingming Festival to May Day flowering. After planting flower beds in spring, attention should be paid to ploughing to preserve soil moisture, control irrigation and make the plants low and compact.

Cultivation and reproduction of African violets morphological characteristics of African violets

The whole plant is hairy; leaf base clustered, slightly fleshy, leaf blade rounded or ovoid, abaxially purplish, with long stalks. 1 ~ 6 flowers clustered on dichotomous Cymes with long stalks; flowers have short tubes, Corolla 2 lips, lobes unequal, flowers of various colors, white, purple, lavender or pink. Capsule, seed very small

Growth habits of African violets

Like warmth. Moist and semi-overcast environment. I am afraid of bright light and high temperature in summer. The suitable temperature for growth was 16 ℃, 18 ℃ from April to October, and 12 ℃ from October to April of the following year. The daytime temperature is no more than 30 ℃, and the high temperature is disadvantageous to the growth of African violets. The night temperature in winter is not lower than 10 ℃, otherwise it is easy to suffer frost injury. Relative humidity of 40% to 70% is more appropriate, the basin is too wet, easy to rot roots. The air is dry and the leaves lack luster. African violets need shade in summer, and their leaves are green and green; in winter, they are sunny enough to blossom continuously; rain and snow plus auxiliary light are very beneficial to the growth and flowering of African violets.

Common varieties of African violets

Common varieties are large flowers, single, semidouble, double, variegated leaves, etc., with purple-red, white, blue, pink and double colors. The common cultivated variety is Snow Prince, a single-petal species.

African Violet breeding methods:

Sowing and reproduction

The sowing date will also change according to different varieties. Annual and biennial varieties are usually sown in the open field, usually from August to September; annual varieties should be sown in spring, avoiding hot weather. For the varieties sown in autumn, the seedlings should be placed in a cold greenhouse for the winter, and the varieties sown in spring should be treated with low-temperature spring flowers, which is generally not easy to blossom in the same year.

Leaf cutting propagation

African Violet commonly used cutting propagation method, mainly for leaf cutting, after flowering to select robust leaves, petiole left 2 cm long cut off, slightly dry, inserted into the sand bed, maintain a high air humidity, room temperature 18-24 ℃, rooting 3 weeks after cutting, 2-3 months will produce seedlings, moved into 6 cm pot. In the process of cutting, vitamin ratio treatment was beneficial to the growth of African violets after rooting, and the petiole treated with 25 mg / L kinetin for 24 hours was beneficial to the formation of adventitious buds. It takes 4 to 6 months from cutting to flowering.

Stem cutting propagation

Stem insertion propagation is also a breeding method chosen by the African Violet Society, mainly after the flowers are withered in spring. Combined with turning the basin and changing the soil, the underground tuber can grow quickly, but the plant shape is not good enough, and the growth is not exuberant enough because the plant is not renewed.

Culture method of African Violet

Select the cultivated soil

Violet requires loose, fertile, slightly acidic soil. When potted, we can choose the culture soil which is made up of 6 parts of rotten leaf soil and 4 parts of sand soil, or the culture soil composed of rotten leaf soil, peat soil and sand soil.

The light should be suitable.

Violet likes to be half overcast. If the maintenance site is too shady, there will be less flowering and light color or only long leaves without flowering; if the light is too strong, it will cause the leaves to turn yellow and scorch.

The temperature should be suitable.

The suitable temperature for the growth of violets is 18 ℃ ~ 24 ℃, and the growth is poor when the temperature is more than 27 ℃. Therefore, cooling measures must be taken in summer, and the room temperature in winter should not be lower than 12 ℃.

Watering should be moderate.

After planting, it should be watered thoroughly and placed in a shady place. After 3-4 days, it can be placed in a well-ventilated sunny place. However, watering should not be too much, otherwise it is easy to cause rotten roots. At the same time, be careful not to splash on the leaves, otherwise it is easy to cause the leaves to rot.

Fertilization should be light.

During the period of growth and development, a thin rotten liquid fertilizer or compound chemical fertilizer was applied once every 7 to 10 days. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied too much, otherwise the leaves will grow luxuriantly and blossom very little. Therefore, 1:1:1 is the best ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. If more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied after the emergence of flower buds, the flowers will be large and colorful.

Heart picking and seed collection

When it grows to about 9 leaves, it is necessary to pick the heart and promote the branching. The plant grows to 40 cm and needs to be supported by thin bamboo poles. As a reserved seed, the seeds should be harvested in time before the pods turn yellow and do not crack.