Grafting technique High rootstock grafting technique of Camellia

Grafting is one of the methods of artificial vegetative propagation of plants. That is, the branches or buds of one plant are grafted onto the stem or root of another plant, so that the two parts that are connected together grow into a complete plant. The way of grafting is divided into skin grafting and bud grafting.

The branches or buds that are grafted are called scions, and the plants that are grafted are called rootstocks or platform trees. The scion is generally selected with 2-4 buds, which becomes the upper part or top of the plant after grafting, and the rootstock becomes the root part of the plant after grafting.

1. Enhance the disease resistance of the plant. Cucumber grafted with black seed pumpkin can effectively control cucumber Fusarium wilt and postpone the occurrence of downy mildew, while eggplant grafted with CRP and tomato can basically control the occurrence of Verticillium wilt.

two。 Improve the low temperature tolerance of the plant. Because of the well-developed root system and strong stress resistance of rootstocks, the grafted seedlings are obviously tolerant to low temperature. For example, the cucumber grafted with black seed pumpkin has good root elongation at low temperature, and the root system can still grow normally when the ground temperature is 12-15 ℃ and the air temperature is 6-10 ℃.

3. It is helpful to overcome the harm of continuous cropping. Cucumber root system is fragile, avoid continuous cropping, solar greenhouse cultivation is very easy to be damaged by soil salt and harmful substances, after switching to black seed pumpkin root, the harm of soil salt and harmful substances can be greatly reduced.

4. The absorption range and capacity of roots were expanded. The root system of the grafted plant is twice as large as that of the self-rooted seedling, and it can absorb about 30% more nitrogen and potassium and 80% more phosphorus than the self-rooted seedling in the same area, and can utilize the phosphorus in the deep layer of the soil.

5. It is beneficial to increase the output. The grafted seedlings have large thick stems and leaves, which can increase the yield by more than 40%. Tomato uses late-maturing varieties as rootstocks and early-maturing varieties as scions, which can not only retain the early maturity, but also greatly shorten the fruiting period and increase the total yield.

Next, the editor will introduce the grafting technology of camellia with high rootstock.

Camellia belongs to evergreen shrub of Theaceae, but its growth rate is slow no matter it is propagated by cuttings or circular branches, and it takes three or four years for potted plants to take shape and ornament at most. In recent years, Camellia oleifera was grafted with high rootstock in southern China, and the survival rate was more than 90%. The new shoots of the seedlings reached more than 50 cm in that year, and they could blossom within two years. The grafting technology is introduced as follows:

1. Rootstock selection: Camellia oleifera and Camellia oleifera are of the same family, with strong affinity, strong adaptability, fast growth and strong sprouting ability. Therefore, it is best to choose Camellia oleifera with strong growth, no diseases and insect pests and many branches as rootstock.

2. Scion selection: excellent clones and branches around the middle and upper parts of the crown should be selected for scions. Camellia should choose branches with strong growth, full axillary buds, normal leaf color and no diseases and insect pests. Spring shoots of the same year are used in summer, and spring or summer shoots are used as scions in autumn. Collect in the early morning and place it in a basin or cup filled with water so as not to lose water and dry up. Scion is best picked with picking, avoid taking shade branch, old branch and disease and insect branch.

3. Grafting time: in order to improve the survival rate of grafting, it must be in the period of vigorous movement and absorption of water and nutrients of rootstock, which can be grafted from May to September. According to the experimental results, the best grafting time is from June to July. At this time, the temperature is suitable, the camellia scion has been lignified, the transplanted Camellia rootstock seedlings have survived, and the survival rate of grafting can be as high as 90%.

4. Grafting method: first, cut off the rootstock. Each Camellia oleifera tree chooses 2-4 main branches with different directions, smooth straight bark and no disease and insect as grafting rootstocks. The rootstock was truncated at 40-80 km above the ground to prevent the rootstock from tearing. After cutting the rootstock, the incision was slightly trimmed. Each tree leaves 2-3 branches for nutrition and shade, and most of the branches are sawed off. Second, cut the anvil. According to the size and length of the scion, use an one-sided knife to cut down on the fracture of the rootstock, with some xylem. If you want to receive more than 2 scions on one rootstock, cut twice parallel on both sides of the rootstock. The orientation of the cutting edge of the anvil should consider the growth direction of the new branch after grafting, which is beneficial to the formation of camellias. Third, cut the scion. Put the branch of the scion on the board, press the branch in one hand, cut a knife straight down from 3-5 mm below the base of the bud on the reverse side of the bud in the other, 2 cm on the cutting surface, slightly see the xylem, tilt inward, tilt to the pith at the base of the scion. Make a short cut at the base of the other side of the scion, cut into a 20-30 degree slope, and cut at 5 mm above the bud to form a 1-bud-1-leaf scion. One leaf is left on the scion (the large leaf leaves 1 beat, 2-2 leaves). After the scion is cut, put it in clean water for use. The fourth is to insert scion. The scion is long and cut inward, and the skin to skin (cambium to cambium) is inserted into the incision of the rootstock, and then the cut skin of the rootstock is covered in the short section of the scion, so that the skin of both sides is glued together. The fifth is to bind the scion. Bind the interface from top to bottom with a plastic film tape 1-1.5 cm wide, and pay attention to prevent scion movement and shade and moisturize.

5. Management after grafting

⑴ truncation: 20-30 days after grafting, the healing should be observed in time. The healed plants should cut off the original trunk of the rootstock with a small saw at the scion of 2-3 cm and hold it down. Generally do not immediately truncate the trunk, because the scion does not have the ability to absorb nutrients, leaving part of the trunk to continue to absorb water and nutrients for scion growth, 70 days later, scion axillary buds begin to sprout, then all the trunk can be cut off.

⑵ loosening: when the axillary buds of the scion grow out, the original sealed film can be untied. The tight bandage will be cut off in about 20 days to make it grow and develop normally.

⑶ except sprouting: there are many sprouting branches and grow fast on high rootstock, which must be removed in time, otherwise it will affect the growth of scion, light will lead to slow growth, heavy will lead to yellow wilt and dry. Sprouting should be removed until scion growth is dominant.

⑷ shaping: after the grafting survived, it should be properly reshaped, according to the camellia tree shape and branch position needs, with rope binding directional shaping.

The above is the grafting technology introduced to you by the editor.

Make a short cut at the base of the other side of the scion, cut into a 20-30 degree slope, and cut at 5 mm above the bud to form a 1-bud-1-leaf scion. One leaf is left on the scion (the large leaf leaves 1 beat, 2-2 leaves). After the scion is cut, put it in clean water for use. The fourth is to insert scion. The scion is long and cut inward, and the skin to skin (cambium to cambium) is inserted into the incision of the rootstock, and then the cut skin of the rootstock is covered in the short section of the scion, so that the skin of both sides is glued together. The fifth is to bind the scion. Bind the interface from top to bottom with a plastic film tape 1-1.5 cm wide, and pay attention to prevent scion movement and shade and moisturize.

5. Management after grafting

⑴ truncation: 20-30 days after grafting, the healing should be observed in time. The healed plants should cut off the original trunk of the rootstock with a small saw at the scion of 2-3 cm and hold it down. Generally do not immediately truncate the trunk, because the scion does not have the ability to absorb nutrients, leaving part of the trunk to continue to absorb water and nutrients for scion growth, 70 days later, scion axillary buds begin to sprout, then all the trunk can be cut off.

⑵ loosening: when the axillary buds of the scion grow out, the original sealed film can be untied. The tight bandage will be cut off in about 20 days to make it grow and develop normally.

⑶ except sprouting: there are many sprouting branches and grow fast on high rootstock, which must be removed in time, otherwise it will affect the growth of scion, light will lead to slow growth, heavy will lead to yellow wilt and dry. Sprouting should be removed until scion growth is dominant.

⑷ shaping: after the grafting survived, it should be properly reshaped, according to the camellia tree shape and branch position needs, with rope binding directional shaping.

The above is the grafting technology introduced to you by the editor.