Cultivation techniques of firethorn bonsai

Firethorn bonsai cultivation technology, firethorn pot can be used for indoor fruit viewing and bonsai production in winter. Land planting should choose plots with high and dry terrain and smooth drainage. Planted before spring germination or at the end of autumn, the south can be planted in the rainy season. Hippophae rhamnoides belongs to straight root system with few whisker roots. In order to ensure a higher survival rate, it is generally necessary to plant with soil balls. In order to reduce the excessive consumption of nutrients in the aboveground part, part of the branches should be cut off in combination with plastic surgery. Water once after planting, and then keep the soil moist until the new buds come out. In order to keep the leaves from falling, shade or water spray should be given appropriately.

Potted plants try to choose small seedlings with a ground diameter of about 1 cm. Large seedlings or pots on tree stumps should cut off coarse roots in advance of a growing period to promote the sending of fine roots. The basin soil is composed of 1 part of pastoral soil, 1 part of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of vermiculite or slag, and then mixed with proper amount of rotten cake fertilizer and slag. The planting depth is the same as the original buried depth or slightly lower than the original buried depth (proper root lifting is beneficial to modeling). The basin should be changed once in 2 ~ 3 years, and part of the thick root should be thinned and cut each time. Pour water into the basin and give it proper shade or spray according to the weather conditions. When the leaves return to normal posture and the buds begin to expand and germinate, they gradually move to the place where the sun is sufficient.

Hippophae rhamnoides likes warmth, but has a certain degree of cold resistance. In winter, when the temperature is below 0 ℃, potted plants should be moved indoors. In order to ensure that the leaves do not fall, the lowest temperature should be about 5 ℃. The method of keeping warm and moisturizing can also be used, that is, the pot is wrapped with dry straw, and the coat plastic bag is planted outside the pot or the whole potted plant. The bag should be appropriately large, choose a colorless transparent bag, and put it in a place away from the wind and the sun. Open the bag for ventilation when the temperature is high at noon.

Hippophae rhamnoides is a light-loving tree species, in addition to short-term shade in the initial stage of planting, the whole growing season should be maintained under full light conditions, potted firethorns placed on the cement or ceramic tile floor should be properly shaded in the hot season to prevent leaf burns. Plants that are placed indoors to watch fruit in winter should be placed in a sunlit place.

After Hippophae rhamnoides was planted and survived, rarefied fertilizer and water was applied every 15 to 20 days to promote its rapid branch formation. After 3 years of planting, base fertilizer was applied once a year in winter or spring. Pyracantha is more resistant to barren, drought and strong adaptability, and general management measures can be taken for planting plants.

The germination of Pyracantha is very strong, which provides favorable conditions for its modeling in the courtyard. In spring, there are mainly disease and insect branches, cross branches and overlapping branches, which provide space for the growth of new branches. In summer, the main purpose is to remove germinating branches or pick the heart to enrich the development of branches. Proper pruning of long branches in autumn makes the fruit on short branches have sufficient light, which is beneficial to fruit coloring and postponing the period of fruit drop.

Hippophae rhamnoides are small, easily obscured by strong branches, and are usually thinned. After the fruit drop in winter, the tree shape is adjusted and pruned, the large branches in the inappropriate position are cut off, and some measures such as auxiliary branch pulling and twisting are used to adjust the position of the branches. Potted firethorn is a good material for bonsai because of its short and dense branches, resistance to pruning and easy germination of latent buds on big branches. it should be trimmed to form jungle type, cloud type, natural happy tree and landscape bonsai. The above is the introduction of firethorn bonsai cultivation techniques.

The cultivation and maintenance of firethorn bonsai in the cold winter months, flowers withered, all things withered, only firethorn bonsai is full of vitality, leaves green, red fruit full of branches. First, the shape and personality of Firethorn are widely distributed in China, growing in hilly areas. It belongs to Rosaceae, evergreen shrubs, blossoms from March to April, and blossoms like snowflakes in full bloom. The fruit of Hippophae rhamnoides is spherical, the diameter of mature fruit is about 5mm-6mm, and its glossiness is strong, so it is an excellent material for viewing bonsai. Second, the firethorn bonsai has strong adaptability and high survival rate, and the fertile soil with strong water retention, high fertilizer absorption, good drainage and moderate acid and alkali can be put into the basin directly. The stump that just goes down the hill, no matter how beautiful the natural form is, must go through the billet raising stage. If the pile head retains too many branches and leaves, it will be planted in the craft basin at the beginning, with both binding and hanging roots and claws, and always want to take shape once, as a result, haste makes waste. Because the craft basin is shallow and full of soil, although it is often sprayed with water and the surface is wet, the soil in the basin is dry, so that the tree stump will gradually lose water and die in the basin. Therefore, the firethorn stump at the beginning of the basin, we should choose a deeper soil tile basin and purple sand basin, because the soil tile basin and purple sand basin have good air permeability, conducive to drainage and conducive to the survival of the stump. After planting, the stump is preliminarily designed according to the tree potential, pruning and picking leaves again and retaining a small amount of leaves for photosynthesis to reduce nutrient consumption. The wounds exposed above the basin soil are smeared twice with the white latex used by carpentry to reduce water evaporation and prevent the wound from cracking and sprouting. Put the planted stump in a place with long light time and good ventilation, pour enough water to fix the root, and carry out daily management. Third, the daily management of firethorn bonsai 1. Watering: the firethorn stump on the pot for the first time is watered at 8 o'clock in the morning and 6 o'clock in the afternoon, and all branches should be sprayed with water each time. After the new buds grow 5cm~6cm, you can water once a day, pay attention to the basin soil is not too wet, so as not to affect the normal growth of new roots. After the new buds grow out of 8cm~10cm, the new roots have been basically formed at this time. It can be seen that the basin soil is not dry or irrigated, and then poured enough until the basin bottom is running water. 2. Fertilization: due to the limited space in the pot, little soil and insufficient nutrients, it is impossible to make potted firethorn grow vigorously without fertilizer, but we must grasp the time and quantity of fertilization. In order to give full play to the efficiency of fertilizer and meet the needs of the growth of firethorn stump, the new pile is generally not fertilized from March to April, and 0.2% urea solution is sprayed on the basin soil and leaves every 10 days from May to June. From July to September, the rapeseed cake water was applied once every 10 days, 10-12 months, once in 15 days after 10% dilution with chicken manure, and stopped fertilization in 1-February of the following year. With the above fertilization methods, the new branches can grow thick 1cm-1.5cm in the same year, and the shaped firethorn bonsai will also blossom and bear fruit year after year, and the fruit is many, big and bright, which can fully reflect its ornamental effect. 3. Disease prevention and pest control: due to environmental factors, Pyracantha is easy to get powdery mildew, harming leaves, twigs, flowers and fruits. This is due to lack of light, poor ventilation and long shading time. Spraying Bordeaux solution, stone sulfur mixture or carbendazim can be used for control. There are mainly two kinds of pests that harm the growth of firethorn: one is the piercing shell insect, which can make the stump growth decline, or even the whole plant die. The shell insect has a waxy layer, so it is difficult for drugs to enter the insect body. Methods of prevention and control: always observe. If you find the shell worm, you should immediately remove it with wire, stick or knife. The medicine can use 0.1% oil floating agent, spray the tree body, bury carbofuran according to 1 ‰ of the basin soil, and kill the insect through internal absorption. Second, aphids are easy to occur in spring and autumn. Aphids harm the stump will distort the new shoots and young leaves, and the feces excreted by aphids fall on the leaves and fruits to form small black spots, affecting the ornamental effect of firethorn bonsai. All aphids can be killed by spraying 1000 times of omethoate or 800 times of dichlorvos twice in a row. (the reporter is anonymous)

The cultivation and pruning of Firethorn and the making method of Firethorn Bonsai

Firethorn, also known as torch fruit, is a plant of the genus Hippophae rhamnoides of Rosaceae. Evergreen shrub or small tree having long oval leaves and globose fruit and crimson at maturity. There are yellow and orange fruits in horticulture.

Kind of. Originated in China, like warm and slightly dry climate and sufficient light, slightly resistant to shade. The suitable temperature for growth is 15-25 degrees.

1. Layout

When the fruit is red, the trees are as red as fire, with luxuriant branches and leaves, which is a good material for making bonsai. Bonsai should be arranged separately on the flower rack.

2. Cultivation in four seasons

(1) Spring is suitable to be arranged on the balcony facing east, south and west. Hippophae rhamnoides is to watch flowers, watch fruit bonsai, generally 1 ~ 2 years to change pots. Hippophae rhamnoides has strong adaptability to soil and does not have high requirements for soil. It is best to use fertile and loose loam in the basin. The new soil should be mixed with a little mature cow dung and bone meal to meet the nutrition needed for the flowering and fruiting of Hippophae rhamnoides. The soil must be compacted when changing the basin. Hippophae rhamnoides has strong growth and strong adaptability. Adequate light should be ensured in spring to keep the soil moist. At flowering stage, the soil should be prevented from drying early and fertilized properly.

(2) it is suitable to be arranged on the balcony in the east, south, west and north dynasties in summer. Hippophae rhamnoides likes enough light and can withstand high temperatures in summer. However, the leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides are easy to yellowing under high temperature and strong light, so bonsai should be moved to semi-shade when high temperature is accompanied by strong light in summer. Cultivating in semi-shade can also reduce the water evaporation of Hippophae rhamnoides and reduce the number of watering. At the end of summer, bonsai should be moved to a place with plenty of light for cultivation. Attention should be paid to the management of moisture in summer to prevent drying early.

(3) it is suitable to be arranged on the balcony of the east, south, west and north dynasties in autumn. September to November is the red fruit season, but also the best viewing season. It can be arranged in the east, south and west balcony with light, or in the north balcony with bright light. Keep the basin soil moist.

(4) it is suitable to be arranged on the balcony facing east, south and west in winter. Firethorn dormancy in winter, extremely resistant to low temperature, but firethorn bonsai should be about 0 ℃ indoor overwintering. The wetlands are watered to ensure a certain amount of light. If the winter is properly managed, the viewing period can be extended to the following spring.

3. Pruning

Hippophae rhamnoides is strong in germination and resistant to pruning. Firethorn blossoms more on short branches, so longer branches are also called vegetative branches, which can be cut short by 1-2 nodes to turn them into fruiting branches, so that many branches can be spent. In the modeling can be cut off long branches, parallel branches, cross branches, disease and insect branches, sprouting millet branches. When the branches grow too dense, some branches can be cut and thinned properly.

4. the production of firethorn bonsai.

(1) the characteristics of firethorn bonsai are luxuriant branches and leaves. After autumn, a string of red fruits hang all over the branches, which does not fall for a long time, like coral fruit, dazzling. And the branches are resistant to pruning and binding, so it is easy to shape.

(2) Hippophae rhamnoides is generally cultivated and bred by itself. It can be propagated by cutting or sowing, and firethorn cuttings grow rapidly. Sturdy firethorns can also be bought on the market. It is best to choose and buy potted seedlings, because Pyracantha is taproot, it is not easy to survive when transplanting, especially bare-root seedlings transplanting is more difficult to survive. Buy potted seedlings, preferably with soil balls. You can also buy rough billets with basic shapes for processing.

(3) the common shapes of firethorn bonsai are luxuriant branches and leaves, evergreen leaves, red fruits hanging on the branches in autumn, festive red fire, not withering in winter, and branches resistant to pruning and binding, which can be made into various forms of bonsai, such as jungle type, curved dry type, straight dry type, oblique dry type and so on.

(4) the modeling method of firethorn bonsai the branches of Hippophae rhamnoides are hard and brittle and easy to break. Because of its strong germinating power, the Lingnan School "storing branches and cutting dry method" is often used in modeling, and the purpose of bending the branches is achieved through pruning. In this way, the branches of bonsai are bent at an angle, dense branches and iron bones. It can also be tied up with iron wire to make the branches into pieces, and its natural body can also be used to make jungle bonsai.