Open field planting method of Gladiolus?

Gladiolus open field planting method, gladiolus can generally be planted in the garden soil. Before planting, first turn the soil and apply base fertilizer, and then plant according to the diameter of the bulb, and the suitable depth of covering soil is 2-3 times of the diameter of the corm. Potted plants should use fertile and loose sandy loam mixed with enough base fertilizer, irrigate 1 to 2 times after planting, then loosen the soil and squat seedlings, and water as little as possible before growing 3 leaves, so as not to overgrow the plant and affect flower bud differentiation.

When entering the vigorous growth period, there should be no shortage of water, especially in the flowering stage, water and fertilizer should be sufficient, and liquid fertilizer should be applied for 3 or 4 times during the growing period. About two months after flowering, when the leaves turn yellow and the new balls are fully developed, you can cut off the stems and leaves about 5 cm from the ground, dig out the new balls, dry them, remove the remains of the old balls, put them in a gauze bag and put them in 5-8. C ventilated indoor storage for the winter. It needs to be checked frequently during storage. If it is found to be wet, it can be dried again in the bag. If there is mildew, it should be picked out and discarded at any time.

Gladiolus is usually propagated by the method of dividing balls. Those with a diameter of more than 3 cm can blossom in the same year; they can also be propagated by cutting the diameter of balls, but each piece needs to have a strong bud, and the cut is smeared with plant ash to prevent decay. The above is the introduction to the open field planting method of Gladiolus.

Soil requirements for open field production technology of gladiolus cut flowers

I. soil structure

There is a wide range of soil suitable for the growth of Gladiolus, as long as the soil structure and drainage are good, Gladiolus can grow well. Among them, sandy loam is the best. The moisture condition of this soil is suitable for the growth of root system and corm of Gladiolus. The strong clayey soil often affects the growth and cut flower quality of Gladiolus because of poor air permeability and easy to accumulate water, so the sticky soil should apply rotten farm manure before soil preparation to improve the soil structure. But do not use immature human feces and urine, because it will have a negative impact on plant growth in the process of degradation, and the viscous heavy soil with high humidity will aggravate the problem of poor soil permeability because of its adhesion. When planting on loose sandy soil, rice straw, peat and other loose organic matter can be used to cover the soil surface after bulb planting to keep the soil moist and prevent soil erosion.

2. Soil pH

The range of pH for the growth of Gladiolus was 6.0 to 7.0, and the optimum pH was 6.5. Soil acidity and alkalinity should be determined before planting. When pH is less than 5, it will be disadvantageous to the growth of inflorescence, and the soil pH can be increased by applying lime to the soil. Lime should be applied to the soil at least 1 month before planting and should be fully mixed. If the pH is greater than 7.5, it will cause the absorption of iron and other mineral nutrients, resulting in nutritional deficiency. Applying a large amount of organic fertilizer to the soil can reduce the soil pH. Chelated iron such as Fe-EDTA can be used to improve the availability of iron ions when iron deficiency is serious. Soil pH can also be regulated by the application of physiological acidic fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate and physiological alkaline fertilizers such as calcium nitrate.

3. Soil ion concentration

The growth of Gladiolus is sensitive to the concentration of salt ions in soil. High concentration of salt ions will hinder the growth of roots and flowering of plants. In general, the total salt ion concentration should be less than 2mS/ cm (mm Siemens / cm), especially the chloride ion concentration should not exceed 3mmol/ liter. If the chloride ion in the soil is too high, it can be controlled by irrigation. At the same time, we should pay attention to the amount of fertilizer should not be too much, the content of chloride ion in irrigation water is not more than 200 mg / L in greenhouse and less than 600 mg / L in open field. And avoid the increase of salt concentration caused by soil dryness.

IV. Soil fertility

When the soil is poor, base fertilizer should be applied before planting. Organic fertilizer is the best base fertilizer, which can improve soil structure. The soil is fertile enough, but there is no need to apply fertilizer. Because as a bulb flower, Gladiolus bulb has sufficient nutrients for its own initial growth, and too much fertilizer will increase the concentration of salt ions in the soil, which is disadvantageous to plant growth, especially excessive nitrogen fertilizer will increase the prevalence of plant rot.

V. site selection

When planting Gladiolus, we should not only pay attention to the soil characteristics, but also consider the traffic problems of the planting place. We should choose areas with convenient transportation such as railways and highways to produce cut flowers in order to facilitate the transportation and sale of cut flowers. And there should be adequate water sources, flat terrain, and convenient drainage and irrigation. Pay attention to the effect of water quality on the quality of cut Gladiolus flowers, especially the water containing fluoride and chloride ions will reduce the growth of plants and the ornamental value of cut flowers. Fluorine in the air can also cause serious harm. As long as there is 0.01 μ g / g fluorine in the atmosphere and lasts for 30 hours, gladiolus leaf tip scorch and leaf tip brown spots will appear. Therefore, the planting land of Gladiolus should be kept away from factories that emit harmful gas fluorine. Planting sites should also try not to choose garden plots with serious diseases and insect pests, especially in areas where legumes are planted. At the same time, pay attention to aphids and other infectious insects. Rotation and soil disinfection should be carried out in the planting area.

VI. Make a bed

The soil can be prepared for bed after ploughing and disinfection. High border or ridge planting should be used in areas where the groundwater level is high and where Rain Water is sufficient. Dry areas can be used as flat beds. Different border methods should be selected for different irrigation methods. If flood irrigation is used, flat beds should not be used as far as possible, ridges or high beds can be used. Because flat border flooding irrigation will appear soil consolidation, destroy soil structure, and affect the yield and quality of cut flowers. If sprinkler irrigation is used, both flat and high beds are suitable. The width of the base of the high border is about 50 cm, and the width of the border is 25 cm. Sufficient soil should be left on both sides of the border for the cultivation of the plant after growth to prevent lodging. The width of the flat bed is about 1.0 meters. If the soil is dry, gladiolus corms should be watered a few days before planting, which not only keeps the soil moist but also facilitates planting operation.

In a word, before planting Gladiolus, we should fully understand the physical properties of soil, such as soil quality, moisture conditions, and chemical properties such as soil acidity and alkalinity (pH), salinity (EC) and fertility, and take reasonable measures to improve the planting soil, which is the premise to improve the quality of cut flowers. At present, there are many portable measuring instruments, such as pH meter, EC meter and so on, which are easy to use.

Culture methods of Gladiolus

Gladiolus prefers rich and deep sandy soil, which requires good drainage and should not be planted in areas where heavy soil is prone to waterlogging. The summer growth in Northeast and North China is better than that in Guangzhou and Shanghai. In winter in Shanghai, you can safely spend the winter in the open field, while in the north, you need to dig out the bulbs and put them indoors for the winter.

(1) in production, bulbs are mainly planted, which are graded according to the size of bulbs in spring, and soaked in a mixture of 1000 times of carbendazim and 1500 times of carbendazim for 30 minutes, then sprouted under the condition of 20: 25 ℃, and can be planted in about one week. For the varieties with serious virus infection and obvious degradation, stem tip detoxification can be used to rejuvenate the plant.

(2) the conventional cultivation of Gladiolus refers to the cultivation under natural conditions, generally choosing bulbs with a diameter of more than 2.5 cm. There are two planting methods: ridge planting and border planting, with a depth of 5cm and 10cm. When gladiolus produces the second leaf, it is the time of flower bud differentiation, and it is particularly sensitive to environmental factors. In case of low temperature and weak light, the number of "blind flowers" increases.

Generally, when preparing the soil, nitrogen 6kg, phosphorus 6kg, potassium 7kg are applied per mu. Topdressing is needed for 3 times in the whole growing season, that is, when the inflorescence is extracted from the leaves and 15 days after flowering, topdressing is needed.

(3) in order to promote the cultivation of Gladiolus, it is necessary to break the dormancy of seed bulbs. After planting balls, dormancy can be broken under natural conditions from late autumn to early winter under the influence of low temperature. To promote cultivation, dormancy must be broken artificially, that is, after harvest, the bulbs were first treated with 35 ℃ high temperature for 15-20 days, then treated with 2-3 ℃ low temperature for 20 days, and then planted, which could germinate and grow normally.

If it is required to supply flowers from January to February, it will be planted from October to November; if it is planted in December, it will blossom from March to May. That is, it takes 100 to 120 days from planting to flowering. The row spacing for promoting cultivation is 15cm × 15cm or 25cm × 7cm, with 4060 bulbs per square meter. After planting, the temperature should be kept at 20: 25 ℃ in daytime and 15 ℃ at night.

(4) Gladiolus can also be cultivated later. After harvest, the bulbs were stored in 3-5 ℃ dry cold storage, and then planted in the greenhouse from July to August the following year. The management work was the same as that of promoting cultivation.

(5) cut flowers can be harvested 60-100 days after planting, depending on the variety. When 1-5 florets in the lower part of the inflorescence are transparent, it is the right time to harvest, usually together with 2-3 leaves, be careful not to hurt the leaves left on the lower stem, so as to continue to provide nutrition for new balls and bulbs. The collected flowers should be packed in grades and placed in a storage of about 4 ℃ and transported to consumers within 3-7 days. If the storage or transportation time is too long, the quality will decline.