How to cultivate Phalaenopsis

How to cultivate Phalaenopsis, Phalaenopsis is a perennial epiphytic herbaceous flower of Phalaenopsis of Orchidaceae, which is native to tropical Asia, has neither stolon nor pseudobulb, and has poor adaptability to climate. The stem is shorter, about 5-8 cm long, each plant has only several thick leaves stacked alternately at the base of the stem, and the thick white aerial root hovers or hangs below the base of the stem. From October to January of the following year, the pedicel is drawn from the leaf axil, arched, with more than a dozen flowers, dancing like a butterfly, each flower can bloom for 2-3 weeks, and the whole plant can bloom continuously for 60-70 days. Because of its rich color, charming flower shape and elegant flower appearance, it is known as the "orchid queen".

Phalaenopsis has strict requirements on temperature, the suitable temperature for its growth is 20: 30 ℃, stop growing when it is above 35 ℃ in summer and below 10 ℃ in winter, it must be kept warm, and the cold wind should not blow the orchid plant directly to avoid causing cold damage to fallen leaves; during flower bud differentiation, the temperature should be below 18 ℃, and the temperature should be raised after differentiation in order to promote flowering.

Phalaenopsis can be cultivated in plastic or ceramic pots, and the plant materials can be mixed with crushed fern root, water moss, perlite, vermiculite, peat soil, peat, shredded tiles, etc.; usually the proportion is 40% of crushed fern root, 20% of peat soil, 20% of peat dust, 10% of perlite or vermiculite, and the effect is good.

It needs scattered light throughout the year, and a little artificial supplementary light can be given in winter to help it blossom; it needs a temperature of more than 20-24 ℃ throughout the year, and when it is high temperature, it should be sprayed every day, preferably in the morning, water can be completely absorbed before night, leaves and petioles do not leave stagnant water overnight, otherwise it is easy to cause disease. Winter is also prone to frostbite, and even cause fallen leaves, which is the focus of cultivation.

Phalaenopsis can use a small amount of slow-acting fertilizer as the base fertilizer, usually 1000 to 2000 times water-soluble quick-acting fertilizer, sprayed every 10 to 15 days, young plants before flowering a little more nitrogen fertilizer, close to the adult plant to increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium; after flower fade, it is necessary to apply compound liquid fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at 1:1:1, and then increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in autumn. These are the introduction to how to cultivate Phalaenopsis.

How to cultivate Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis compared with other plants is the most difficult to raise a plant, so its breeding method is more troublesome, the following to explain the breeding method of Phalaenopsis.

Effect picture of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis culture method 1. Soil: Phalaenopsis has high requirements for soil, which needs breathable, rot-resistant, slightly acid and permeable soil. Pine needles, peanut shells, bark silk, clay balls and other materials can be selected as the substrate for Phalaenopsis culture. If you can't configure these materials, you can buy orchid for Phalaenopsis directly at the flower market. 2. Temperature: when families raise Phalaenopsis, the first thing is to ensure the temperature. Phalaenopsis is native to the tropics and likes the environment of high temperature and humidity. The lowest temperature during the growth period should be kept above 15 ℃. Phalaenopsis (especially Phalaenopsis) grows well when the daytime temperature is 27 ℃ and the night temperature is about 18 ℃. At the turn of autumn, winter and spring, and when the winter temperature is low, you should pay attention to warming rooms with heating equipment in winter. It is not difficult to reach this temperature, but be careful not to put the flowers directly on the radiator or too close to it. When the summer temperature is too high, need to cool down, and pay attention to ventilation, if the temperature is higher than 32 ℃, Phalaenopsis will usually enter a semi-dormant state, to avoid continuous high temperature. The flowering period is around the Spring Festival, and proper cooling can prolong the viewing time. The night temperature during flowering should be controlled between 13 ℃ and 16 ℃, but not less than 13 ℃. 3. Moisture: Phalaenopsis belongs to epiphytic orchids, which are mostly born on tree trunks in the country of origin, and their roots are exposed to the air, which can absorb water from the moist air. When cultivated artificially, the root is buried in the cultivation substrate, such as too much watering, the ventilation of the substrate will become worse, the fleshy root will rot, and the leaves will turn yellow, which will lead to death in serious cases. According to the principle of watering, water should be watered again when the surface of the cultivation substrate becomes dry; generally, watering should be carried out on a sunny morning, and the water temperature should be close to room temperature. When the indoor air is dry, sprayers can be used to spray directly to the leaves, but be careful not to spray water spray on flowers during flowering.

4. lighting: Phalaenopsis likes shade, but it still needs some light, especially before and after flowering, proper light can promote Phalaenopsis to blossom and make the flowers gorgeous and lasting. Generally, it is best to put it indoors with scattered light, do not let the sun shine directly, such as on the indoor windowsill, cover part of the sun with a window screen.

Effect picture of Phalaenopsis

5. Ventilation: the normal growth of Phalaenopsis needs flowing fresh air, so the ventilation of domestic Phalaenopsis must be good, especially in the high humidity period in summer, it must be well ventilated to prevent heat, and at the same time, it can avoid the infection of diseases and insect pests. 6. Fertilization: Phalaenopsis should be fertilized throughout the year and should not be stopped unless the low temperature lasts for a long time. Winter is the flower bud differentiation period of Phalaenopsis, and the cessation of fertilizer can easily lead to no flowers or few flowers. Spring and summer is the growing period, thin liquid fertilizer can be applied every 7 to 10 days, it is appropriate to use organic fertilizer, Phalaenopsis special nutrient solution can also be used, but do not apply when there are buds, otherwise it is easy to drop buds early. Long leaves in summer (that is, after flowering), nitrogen and potash fertilizer can be applied. Phosphate fertilizer can be used in autumn and winter flower stem growth period, but it should be thin, about every 2 to 3 weeks. The time of fertilization is after watering in the afternoon, and after several times of fertilization, orchid pots and orchid plants should be washed with a lot of water to avoid residual inorganic salts harming the roots. 7. Pest control: the diseases of Phalaenopsis are mostly caused by poor ventilation and other factors. The common diseases are soft rot, brown spot, anthracnose, virus and so on, which can be controlled by spraying 500-fold diluent of thiophanate, chlorothalonil, carbendazim and stone-sulfur mixture. In addition, improving ventilation, preventing high temperature in summer and cold in winter are also effective measures to prevent soft rot. The common pests are shell insects, red spiders, snails and so on. Red spiders and shell insects can be controlled with omethoate or triclofenac 800-fold liquid, while snails can be controlled by sprinkling lime powder on the four sides of the basin, grabbing them at night or applying snail insecticides. How to cultivate Phalaenopsis? Culture methods of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis is a kind of plant suitable for indoor culture, and its flowers are similar to butterflies. Elegant, elegant. It has the reputation of "Lanzhong Queen". Flowers are the most ornamental part of Phalaenopsis. As most of Phalaenopsis are produced in humid Asia, which determines the growth characteristics of Phalaenopsis, ventilation, moderate temperature, high humidity environment is very suitable for breeding Phalaenopsis. Before raising Phalaenopsis, novices should know that stagnant water is not conducive to the growth of Phalaenopsis and avoid exposure to Phalaenopsis in the hot sun. When winter comes, it is necessary to control the indoor temperature. When the temperature is below 15 degrees, it will affect the growth of Phalaenopsis. The following editor will introduce the breeding methods of Phalaenopsis in detail.

Growth habits of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis was born in the tropical rain forest, the nature likes to be warm and afraid of cold. The suitable temperature for growth is 15-20 ℃, and it will stop growing when it is below 10 ℃ in winter, and it is easy to die when it is below 5 ℃. Phalaenopsis, which is native to tropical Malaysia, belongs to the genus Phalaenopsis of Orchidaceae and is a perennial herb. The forest trees along the shores of hot and humid rivers are the places where Phalaenopsis grows.

Phalaenopsis can protect itself from stress in low humidity because of its physiological structure, but in too humid environment, high temperature and high humidity are often accompanied by diseases. The most suitable range of relative humidity is 60%~80%RH.

Propagation methods of Phalaenopsis

The main results are as follows: 1. The method of sowing and reproduction is to sow the seeds from the cracked capsule in the flowerpot of the parent plant. This method is simple and easy, does not need complicated aseptic procedures and operating tools, and is suitable for ordinary family Phalaenopsis growers. However, the chance of success of this method is slim, and it is rarely used. Another method is aseptic sowing, in which the uncracked mature capsule is washed, then soaked in 75% 90% ethanol or chloroform for 2 seconds, and then soaked in 5% 10% bleach solution or 3% hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes for 20 minutes. Take out the seeds and soak them in the same disinfectant for 5 minutes, then remove the solution by filtration, take out the seeds, and spread the seeds evenly on the surface of the culture medium in the prepared bottle with fine needles. The culture conditions were as follows: light intensity 2000-3000 lux, 10-18 hours a day, and the temperature was kept at 20-26 ℃. After 9-10 months, the seedlings can grow 2-3 leaves and then be planted in pots.

2. the method of pedicel bud propagation is to cut off the flowering part of the pedicel, and then carefully cut off the bracts of the first to third internodes in the upper part of the pedicel with a blade or sharp blade to expose the bud points in the internodes; smear hormones such as budding agents or indolebutyric acid evenly on the exposed Internode nodes with cotton swabs After treatment, the orchid plant was placed in a semi-shade place, and the temperature was kept at 25: 28 ℃. After 2 weeks, the buds grew into leaves, and after 3 months, they grew into Phalaenopsis seedlings with 3 leaves and aerial roots. cut off the seedlings and put them on the pot, they can become a new orchid plant.

3. In the method of broken heart and accelerating sprouting, after the growth point of the orchid plant is destroyed due to some factors, 1 or 2 new buds will grow from the stem node near the base of the orchid plant after a period of time. This feature can be used to breed Phalaenopsis.

4. stem-cutting reproduction method, the principle of stem-cutting reproduction method is to destroy the growth point of stem tip to induce latent bud growth. Although there are 1-3 latent buds in the axils of Phalaenopsis plants, most of them can not sprout into plants. After the plant continues to grow upward and the stem node is longer, the upper part of the plant with roots is cut off with sterilized knives or scissors, implanted into a new basin to make it continue to grow, the lower part of the rhizome is given proper water management, and new buds can sprout soon.

5. Tissue culture method, tissue culture method is used to propagate Phalaenopsis, which can obtain the same excellent genetic characteristics as the mother plant. The butterfly orchid seedlings produced by this method are called meristem or tissue seedlings. The plant tissues (explants) used for meristematic culture can be terminal buds (stem tips), stem segments (dormant buds), young leaves or root tips, but at present the most common is the pedicel of Phalaenopsis.

Culture methods of Phalaenopsis

1. Luminosity. The light of the newly purchased bottle seedlings slowly rose to 5000Lx, and after coming out of the bottle, 3000~5000Lx entered the normally managed 5000~7000Lx. The middle seedlings of Φ 8.4cm required light intensity 10000~3000Lx, the big seedlings of Φ 10.6cm required 15000~18000Lx, and the flower bud germinated to pedicel 10~15cm. The light increased slowly from 10000Lx to 14000Lx, and the summer management was slow. According to the light demand of different seedling stage, combined with the weather condition, the light intensity is controlled by the contraction of internal and external shading net.

2. Temperature. The temperature requirements of Phalaenopsis in large, middle and small days are basically the same, no more than 30 ℃, 23 ℃ for small seedlings and 20 ℃ for large seedlings at night. It requires 20: 24 ℃ in daytime, 17: 20 ℃ in night, 25: 28 ℃ in daytime and 20: 22 ℃ in night after the first flower. The temperature is heated by a heater when the temperature is low, and the fan-water curtain can be used to cool the temperature when the temperature is high.

3. Humidity. The best humidity requirements are more than 90% in the vegetative growth stage, 70% in the flowering treatment stage and 50% after flowering. Humidity can be controlled by measures such as ventilation with water curtain and spraying humidity in ground space.

4. Irrigation. Phalaenopsis air root has a strong absorption capacity, can absorb oxygen, nutrients, water, etc., too much water will cause suffocation to the root, so Phalaenopsis watering should be seen dry with fine water irrigation, operation as far as possible not to let water stay in the leaf concave or growth point, in order to prevent mildew or infection, irrigation to the soft basin bottom hole can be overflowed. [1] Phalaenopsis has very important requirements for water quality, especially the total hardness and iron content of water, which are lower than 50mg/L and 0.1mg/L. Tap water can be used after 1 or 2 days. When watering, pay attention to the alternation of dry and wet, the plant is dry and then watered, do not maintain a wet state. The water temperature is consistent with the environmental temperature of seedling growth, the earlier watering in summer morning, the better, and the best watering time is after 10:00 in winter. Check the dry and wet of the orchid before and after watering and during watering. After normal watering, some orchid plants are still dry and short of water. When the leaves are soft and sagging, we must try to improve the air humidity and must not irrigate violently every day.

The irrigation methods available for Phalaenopsis are: ① uses drip irrigation pipeline. ② uses fixed nozzles to irrigate from top to bottom. ③ is carried out by manpower. ⑤, the above methods are combined.

Phalaenopsis leaves can easily absorb urea and other fertilizers from the leaves when fertilizing. Porous media are very important to the roots, and despite their negative capillary effects, they have more advantages. Irrigation with irrigation or irrigation arms is very useful for crops in the early stages of growth. In order to avoid Botrytis cinerea on petals caused by watering, drip irrigation pipe is better at flowering stage. When there are many flowers in the pedicel, watering from above is easy to cause the pedicel to break.

Irrigation water must not contain chemical components and visible microorganisms. The sodium and chloride ions in water shall not exceed 100mg/l, and bicarbonate shall not be excessive. If there is no good water source, reverse osmosis treated water must be used. The amount of watering is related to climate, medium and plant age. In the environment of Western Europe, the amount of irrigation is about as follows: once every 10 days in winter and once every 5 to 7 days in summer. During the growth period, the water temperature should be 18-20 ℃ to avoid root loss.

During the growing period and the first month of moving to the large basin, water must be applied from above, not only to ensure that the medium is moist enough, but also to avoid salinization at the top of the medium. The drip irrigation system can be used after the root is well developed. Water should be fed from above at least once a year to eluate the medium.

5. Fertilization. In the growing season, appropriate increase of water and fertilizer, fertilizer and water should be light rather than dense, a small number of times, and no fertilization when the temperature is higher than 32 ℃ or lower than 15 ℃. Root fertilizer and extra-root topdressing are applied interchangeably. In order to promote growth, general compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the ratio of 1:1:1 is applied once a month before July, and liquid fertilizer is applied every 15 days in August. External root fertilizer was applied with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution after September. After October, the formation of flower buds was promoted by fertilizer control and water saving. During this period, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were mainly applied outside the roots, and trace fertilizers such as boron, zinc and iron were properly applied. 0.1% Huabao 3 could also be used.

Phalaenopsis can be fertilized with compound fertilizer or nitrogen fertilizer directly. The application of fertilizer varies from variety to variety. If the base fertilizer is used, the base fertilizer must contain a mixture of Dolokal (L3-4kg/) and PG. The range of pH is 5.2 to 6.2 and the EC range is 0.8~1.2mS/cm. If the nitrogen fertilizer is too high, it will lead to the overgrowth of leaves. If the EC value is too high, the root will die. If it is too low, the plant lacks trace elements. The best way to measure EC is to collect water from the bottom after irrigation. More than 1.5mS/cm means that the medium in this basin has been salinized. Usually there are red spots on the roots, which need to be washed with clean water or low-EC water. 2:1:2 fertilizer was used in the vegetative growth stage of Phalaenopsis. Fertilizer concentration was 3 000 to 7 000 times for young seedlings and 3 000 to 5 000 times for large seedlings. 1:5:2 fertilizer was applied at flowering stage one month and the fertilizer concentration was 3 000 to 7 000 times. Stop fertilizing after the first flowering.

There are two common fertilization methods for Phalaenopsis: ① frequently apply thin fertilizer, bad climate does not apply, and the rhizosphere is too wet to apply. ② fertilizer water, keep the air convection, so as not to soak the root zone for too long, resulting in asphyxiation phenomenon, at about 4:00 in the afternoon when there are still water droplets in the leaves should be forced ventilation. ③ orchid root and leaf can absorb fertilizer, so it is best to wet the orchid plant when applying fertilizer. ④ water-soluble fertilizer can add a small amount of adhesive to increase the adhesion of the fertilizer.

6. Urge the flower. Flowering can be carried out when the plant has 5 mature leaves. The pedicel is drawn naturally when the plant is mature enough and goes through a transition period. Natural flowers in autumn can be sold in February or March of the following year. The florescence can be controlled by the adjustment of temperature and light quantity. All buds on the pedicel can be cut off for sale when all buds except the last one are in full bloom. There are usually three flower buds when the pedicel is cut off. The second pedicel is drawn from the rest of the flower bud and starts from the terminal bud. However, it takes longer to produce this new pedicel, so whether to adopt this method of natural flowering and then drawing out the second pedicel is determined by the required pedicel quality and sales plan. In addition to the first pedicel, double pedicels can be formed in the second time as long as the plant is healthy, which can be sold as cut flowers. As a result, an average of 2.5 pedicels can be sold per year. After the pedicel is pulled out, keep it straight with a rope to avoid bending.

The common method of promoting flowers in the south. ① uses the cool climate of high mountain to promote cultivation, and the altitude of high mountain should be above 800m~1000m. ② uses air conditioner to cool down and promote flowering cultivation. The former seed player's method of promoting flower is that the cost of transportation, packaging and alpine management is higher, the damage of the seedling is more serious, but the flower is neat, the flower grows better and the flower color is bright, while the latter has low cost and less damage, but the flower is irregular. Under the condition, the commodity character of high mountain flower promotion in the south is good.

Pest control of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis common diseases and insect pests are: soft rot, brown spot, anthrax, bituminous coal disease, virus disease, shell insects, red spiders and so on. Mainly adopt the principle of prevention, strengthen cultivation and management measures, improve ventilation conditions, reasonably control the placement density, and keep the environment clean. Spray insecticides and fungicides regularly. If diseased plants are found, the source of infection should be cleared in time, the diseased leaves and remains should be removed, and the seriously diseased plants should be isolated or destroyed to prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests. In addition, appropriate agents can be selected for control, 60% carbendazim or 80% methyl topiramate can be used during the onset of the disease, while shell insects and red spiders can be controlled with 40% omethoate or 80% dichlorvos 1000-1500 times.

Knowledge of Phalaenopsis Culture

1. Change the basin: Phalaenopsis must be changed once a year. Late spring and early summer is the most suitable time for Phalaenopsis to change pots. Timely basin change can prevent Phalaenopsis from growing poorly due to matrix decay, and even lead to Phalaenopsis death. Phalaenopsis likes highly ventilated soil, and the occurrence of matrix decay will cause the soil to be impervious.

2. Fertilization: the principle of fertilization should be less fertilization and light fertilizer. Because it grows faster and its growth period is longer. Phalaenopsis which has been planted for one year or many years will be changed every year in late spring and early summer (May). The newly changed Phalaenopsis is in the recovery stage and there is no need to fertilize the orchid plant. After a month of recovery, the orchid plant began to grow normally. That is to say, from June to September, the orchid plant enters the growth period and needs to be fertilized once a week.

3. Fertilizers suitable for Phalaenopsis: foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, farm manure fermented with water, special fertilizer for orchids, etc. During the growing period, Phalaenopsis can be fertilized alternately with foliar fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. If there are no these two kinds of fertilizer, you can choose to add water to ferment farm manure to irrigate fertilizer water. If there is special fertilizer for orchids at home, the special fertilizer for orchids should be applied directly.

4. Matters needing attention for fertilization in spring and summer: the temperature in summer is high, so we should stop fertilizing orchid plants. In autumn, the growth rate of Phalaenopsis begins to cool down, and the number of fertilizers should be reduced. At this time, if frequent fertilization to the orchid plant will affect the formation of flower buds, it will be difficult to bloom.

This is the end of the introduction on the breeding methods of Phalaenopsis. I hope I can help you!