How to grow orchids? The six secrets shared by the old master of the orchid, once mastered, you can become a real master of the orchid.

It is said that it is difficult to raise orchids, but it is even more difficult to raise them well. I often hear flower friends say that my orchids have not been grown for so long, and they do not look like any spirit, let alone blossom. However, every time I see such a good orchid raised by others, I envy it. So, how to raise orchids? The old master of the orchid shared these six secrets, and if you master it, you can become a real orchid master, and you don't have to envy other people's orchids any more.

1, thumb-sized charcoal, first soak in water, and then put a piece into the bottom of the basin, and then plant orchids, which is beneficial to the elongation of the root and the color of the root is white. 2. usually in fertilization management, from small bud to adult plant, the composition of fertilizer is strengthened according to the order of "nitrogen"-"potassium"-"phosphorus". 3. The root system and leaves of the old man on the third and fourth road are intact, but it is not easy to sprout. The leaves can be cut off 1/2 or 1/3 to reduce nutrient consumption and provide more nutrients to the growth point, and then planted with water moss or coarse river sand, so that the germination is fast and the bud is large.

4. when the orchid is close to flowering, change the pot and dry the orchid root a little bit, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation. 5. The growth point of the old man can be fully utilized not only on the pseudobulb, but also in the petiole. As long as you pay attention to the observation, you will find that there is still a growing point at the junction of the petiole and the false bulb. Just remove the leaf, or cut the petiole in half with a blade, then clip it carefully with a clip and take care of it carefully, and it will sprout in the future.

6. Use plant growth regulators cautiously. At present, most of the plant growth regulators sold in the market are synthetic and can not be transformed naturally in the plant, so it is easy for plants to develop in a single direction. For example, the agent of sprouting makes the orchid plant sprout all the time and does not grow root, while the agent of root comes to root all the time. In this way, the growth direction can only be controlled with a higher dose, and the orchid plant can no longer bear it in a few generations. Therefore, it is inappropriate to use growth regulators for a long time, so please use them carefully!

How to raise orchids (must see when raising orchids for the first time)

How to raise ■ orchids? it is really difficult to raise orchids. They will die after a period of time. What is the reason?

Orchids are indeed more difficult to grow than other flowers. The difficulty lies in the fact that the roots of orchids are sensitive to water and are easy to "drown" or "die of thirst". When the plant is too wet or dry for more time than Langen can bear (to be exact, the hypoxia or lack of water in the plant lasts longer than Langen can bear), it will cause rotten or empty roots; for longer, the root problems will be reflected in the leaves, and the plant will eventually turn yellow and die.

Because the false bulb of the orchid itself contains water, and whether the root of the orchid is rotten or empty, the residual part of the orchid still has a trace of water absorption function, so even if there is something wrong with the root of the orchid, it can still linger for a period of time. It is not easy to find problems from the aboveground part of the plant.

In fact, orchids are more likely to be "drowned", that is, due to improper selection of plant materials, water retention is too strong or watering too frequently, resulting in plants always wet. When this excessive wet state lasts longer than the orchid can bear, the orchid root will rot and the orchid plant will eventually die. In addition, some people have heard that orchids are "afraid" of water, so they seldom water them. As a result, orchids are "thirsty to death". This is also the case. Thus it can be seen that whether to control the water content in the plant material is the key to determine the success or failure of orchid cultivation.

Too much watering leads to rotting roots.

Too little watering leads to empty roots

Why can't ■ orchids be raised in ordinary soil?

Let's first analyze the changes in the dry and wet state of the soil after watering: "wet" → "wet", "→" moist "→" and "→" dry. Among them, "wet", "wet" or "dry" or "dry" are not conducive to the growth of orchid root, only "run" is the most suitable for orchid growth. Ordinary soil continues to be "wet" or "wet" for too long after watering, which exceeds the time that orchids can bear, so tragedies occur naturally, so ordinary soil is not suitable for orchid cultivation.

Thus it can be seen that the fundamental goal of orchid cultivation is to shorten the time when the plant is in the "wet" and "dry" state and prolong the time in the "moist" state. No matter the selection of plant materials, the selection of orchid pots (the size and texture of orchid pots also have a great influence on the change of water content of plants), or watering, they are all carried out around this goal.

It can also be seen from here that the water retention or hydrophobic characteristics of the plant determine the change of the water content of the plant to a great extent, and even determine the success or failure of orchid cultivation. It can be said that watering is the external factor that determines the change of plant water content, while plant material is the internal cause that determines the change of plant water content. In order to control the water content of the plant material, the prerequisite is that the plant material must be selected.

How does ■ judge the effect of a plant on orchid cultivation?

The so-called orchid effect of plant material, that is, the root effect of plant material. If the root is well raised, the aboveground part (leaves, buds, etc.) must grow well; if the root is not raised well, the aboveground part will not be good. Therefore, the growth of Langen can be judged from the growth status of the aboveground part.

Such as orchids on the pot, after 1-3 weeks to restore vitality (spring and autumn recover quickly, summer and winter slow), the leaves are shiny, new seedlings grow (obviously grow tall), new buds emerge (such as in spring), the leaves feel tough when brushing the leaves by hand, indicating that the orchid root grows well, the plant material is ideal, and the management (mainly refers to watering) is also in place.

If the plant material on the basin for a period of time (about 1 month), the leaves are not glossy, the new seedlings are stagnant (rigid seedlings), the new buds do not grow or grow less (spring), the leaves feel soft and collapsed, and black spots are easy to grow on the leaves when the temperature is slightly higher, then it shows that there must be something wrong with Langen, and the planting material may not be ideal. In this regard, it is necessary to pour the pot. If you pour the pot when it is about to be watered (such as watering once every 5 days and before watering on the 5th day), it is found that the plant material is wet and the roots have all or part of it blackened, indicating that the plant material is too water-retaining, it is necessary to add some breathable and leached plant materials to the plant material, such as granular plant material, snake wood, rotten peanut shell, etc. Of course, if it is felt that the water retention and hydrophobic characteristics of the plant material have been ideal, then if the plant material is not improved, as long as the watering interval is properly extended, the problem can also be solved. If the root and plant material are found to be dry or even empty when pouring out the pot, some plant materials with strong moisturizing properties, such as rotten leaf soil and perlite, should be added to the plant material; if it feels that the plant material is ideal, then it is OK to shorten the watering interval.

It is difficult to judge whether the underground part (root) is healthy or not from the growth status of the aboveground part of the orchid plant, and the most simple and intuitive way is to pour the pot and look at the root. There are two kinds of pouring basin: the surface basin and the whole basin. The surface layer was poured out of the basin, and the depth was 5cm to 10cm. The growth status of the periphery of the pseudobulb and the surface root of the plant was observed. If there is a new root or there is a crystal head on the tip of the old root, it shows that the plant material and management measures are ideal; if there is no new root, or the root tip of the old root turns black or even rotten, it means that there is something wrong with the plant material or watering. If you want to know the growth state of all the roots, you have to pour them all. Whether you pour the basin on the surface or the whole basin, be careful not to hurt the root, especially the root tip. Although pouring pot is a bit troublesome, it is the most intuitive and accurate way to understand the effect of plant material on orchid cultivation, and it is also a necessary way for beginners to accumulate experience.

■ orchids are not dead, there are no new seedlings, half-dead, how to do?

As mentioned earlier, if the aboveground part of the orchid does not grow well, there must be something wrong with the orchid root. The aboveground part is half dead, indicating that the underground part is not good-most of the roots do not grow well, and there may be one or two roots to maintain the life of the plant. In this regard, the basin must be poured and the ideal plant material must be replaced.

How can ■ make a good plant material by himself?

There are many plant materials that can be used to raise orchids, and local materials can be used locally, but in order to produce ideal plant materials, the following principles must be followed:

1. The physical structure of plant material is ideal, breathable and hydrophobic. With granular plant material, there is a certain gap between the particles, which has good natural permeability and hydrophobicity. If powdered plant materials such as rotten leaf soil are used, perlite, snake wood, and granular plants should be added to make them fluffy.

two。 The chemical composition of plant material is reliable and there is no harmful component. Some organic plants, such as peanut shell and pine bark, should be mature; otherwise, substances harmful to orchid root will be decomposed after use.

3. The plant material has good moisturizing property, which can both drain and retain water. The ideal plant material should be "wet" for a short time and "moisturized" for a long time. That is to say, after watering, due to the good physical structure of the plant material (there are gaps between the plants), a large part of the water is leaked, and then because the plant itself absorbs a certain amount of water, it can remain "moist" for a long time. Then slowly change from "moist" to "dry" (note: the plant material does not suddenly change from "moist" to "dry", but slowly. That is, the plant material has been in the "dry" state from "moist" to "dry" for a long time). This has three major advantages: first, the plant material is "wet" for a short time, avoiding rotten roots; second, the plant material is kept "moist" for a long time, creating favorable environmental conditions for the growth of Langen; third, the plant material "dry" state lasts for a long time, and the ideal watering time when the plant material is in a "dry" state, obviously, it is easy to water in this way, and there is no big problem one or two days earlier or one or two days later. If the moisturizing property of the plant material is not good, it will quickly change from "dry" to "wet", and the duration of "dry" is relatively short, and the watering time must be judged more accurately in order to ensure that the watering time falls within the time range of the plant in the "dry" state. It is difficult to water easily too early or too late, which is not conducive to the growth of orchids. In a word, the plant material with good moisturizing property can not only avoid the rotten root phenomenon of orchids, but also reduce the difficulty of watering. Of course, in order to prepare plant materials with ideal moisture retention, we must have a full understanding of the water retention and hydrophobic characteristics of each plant material and the fluffy effect it can play in the mixed plant material.

As long as this principle is followed, a good plant material can be prepared. Of course, whether a kind of plant material is good or not will not be known until it is used. It is worth noting that after the allocation of an ideal plant material, do not rush to replace all orchids with new plant material, you must first try one or two pots, and then use it in a large area after the effect has been verified.

Does ■ have a simple and effective orchid formula?

1. Classic formula: 65% of gold plant stone + 35% of fairy soil. (volume ratio, same as below)

This formula is widely used and widely recognized by Lanyou. With this formula, the plant material is aerated and leached, there is generally no problem with Langen, and orchid cultivation is easy to succeed. Note: there is a big difference in the quality of immortal soil sold in the market, and it is necessary to buy something of reliable quality; both must be soaked thoroughly before use, that is, they must be soaked thoroughly, that is, they can only be used if they are wet in the middle of the particles.

Using this formula, due to the lack of nutrients, the basin can put more than 30 grains of Haokangduo or 10 grains of 30 grains (depending on the size of the basin) magic fertilizer. The south balcony dry wind is bigger, the orchid basin can be slightly bigger, the basin surface can cover a layer of water moss, play a moisturizing role.

2. Simple formula: rotten leaf soil 50% + perlite 50%.

Rotten leaf soil (or mountain skin soil), can be taken under the broad-leaved forest with withered branches and leaves of the topsoil (also contains soil). This kind of soil is loose, it forms a mass when it is pinched with the hand, and the soil spreads when the hand is released. With the same amount of perlite, the rotten leaf soil is more fluffy and will not harden. Perlite has strong fluffy effect, good moisturizing and low price, so it is an ideal plant material. On this basis, one or more of the coal ballast particles (coal ash sifted particles after powder removal), mature peanut shell, mature pine bark, soybean-sized bricks, small pond cornerstones, and small stone plants can also be mixed with 20%, 50%, 50% of other granular plant materials.

Rotten leaf soil on the mountain

Rotten leaf soil

Rotten leaf soil 50% + perlite 50%

Langen cultivated with 50% rotten leaf soil and 50% perlite

It is worth mentioning that the formula of rotten leaf soil developed by Lin Shengzhou has the advantages of simple material collection, low cost and ideal planting effect. Its formula is: 50% rotten leaf soil + 50% sand bag soil. Sandy soil is a kind of semi-differentiated sandy soil, which is not easy to bond.

Langen cultivated by Lin Shengzhou's formula

Because the rotten leaf soil is rich and sufficient in nutrients and does not need to apply fertilizer, the seedlings are strong. In particular, it should be noted that some beginners are always afraid of orchids "starving to death" and like to apply various fertilizers to orchids. Orchids are often "fermented to death" by fertilizer.

3. Commercial plant materials.

If you find it troublesome to prepare your own plant materials, you can choose and buy commercial plant materials that have been prepared. The so-called orchid culture soil sold in the flower and bird market is not reasonable and generally reflects the poor effect of use. Local Lanyou in Fuzhou can buy commercial plants from Lin Yong. The plant material sold by Lin Yong is made from the stupid soil formula developed by Zheng Weixin (Lanshan four Seasons). Its components are as follows:

1 part rotten leaf soil + 1 part perlite + 1 part snake sawdust + 1 part pond foundation + 1 part immortal soil + half part coconut bran (all refer to volume).

After years of experiments, the orchids cultivated with this plant have good roots and strong seedlings, and the effect is good.

Orchid friends from other places can choose their own according to this formula, or use local materials according to local conditions to improve or replace Zheng's stupid soil formula. The author adopts the Zheng's fool soil formula to remove the fairy soil, and the cultivation effect is also very good.

The sprouting of orchids cultivated with Zheng Weixin formula

Langen cultivated with Zheng Weixin's formula

How does ■ orchid grow black spot to do?

Orchids have black spots, most of which are caused by anthrax, which is caused by two main reasons:

Anthrax

1. If the orchid seedlings are not strong enough, the resistance of the orchid seedlings is weak. The root cause is that the planting material is not ideal, and Langen does not grow well, so we still have to make efforts on the planting material.

The root is not good, resulting in black spots on the leaves

two。 Orchids are exposed to the sun at higher temperatures or in a muggy environment. Orchids should be shaded when the temperature exceeds 28 ℃. At the same time, in the high temperature season, the environment should be ventilated to avoid muggy conditions, and the key is to improve the cultivation conditions, which is a permanent cure. If necessary, you can spray 800 times liquid Shi Bao Gong (amidine fresh amine) or Shigao to curb the development of the disease.

■ orchid leaves are yellow, what is the reason?

There are two main reasons why the leaves of orchids turn yellow.

1. Leaf yellowing caused by natural aging. In spring and summer, the metabolism of orchids is booming, new buds continue to emerge, and some old seedlings that have grown for many years will die. This kind of "old death" yellow leaf has three characteristics, one is that it occurs on the old false bulb, the second is that the false bulb is not abnormal (such as blackening or decay), and the third is that the leaf yellowing usually starts from the outer leaves of the orchid plant and then to the inner leaves, from the leaf tip to the leaf base. In addition, there will not be any black spots on the yellow leaves.

Natural aging of old leaves

two。 Leaf yellowing caused by disease. Stem rot or bacterial soft rot or white silk disease occurred in orchid plants. This kind of yellow leaf often occurs on the new seedling, the leaf yellowing starts from the heart leaf to the outer leaf, the leaf base to the leaf tip, and there are often abnormal conditions on the pseudobulb (such as blackening and rot, etc.). For many of these, the diseased plants should be removed, and the remaining healthy roots and pseudobulbs should be soaked in broad-spectrum fungicides (such as carbendazim, carbendazim, etc.) for 1 hour, and then re-pot with the new plant material.

Leaf yellowing caused by stem rot

■ my family only raises a few pots of ordinary orchids, but I can't raise them well. Is there any simple cultivation method?

By grasping the key points of orchid cultivation, orchids can be raised easily:

1. Go to the surrounding mountain, take some loose rotten leaf soil or epidermis soil with withered branches and fallen leaves (with withered branches and fallen leaves is more fluffy), according to the method described in the above "simple formula", add the same amount of perlite; if there is no perlite for a while, it can be mixed with the same amount (volume) of sandy soil, or twice as much broken brick or coal ballast (two or more are better mixed). The preparation of fluffy, breathable and leached plant material is the key to raising orchids.

two。 A medium-sized orchid basin would be fine. Too large, the plant material is not easy to dry, easy to lead to rotten roots; too small plant material is too easy to dry, difficult to manage.

3. Place the orchid on the south-facing balcony or courtyard (not on the north-facing balcony or indoors for a long time). Let it bask in more sunshine in spring and winter, and in summer and autumn, when people feel uncomfortable in the sun, orchids are not allowed to be exposed directly in the sun. You don't have to fertilize.

4. The plant should be watered when it is dry. If you are not sure on time, you can remove the basin plant material two or three centimeters deep, if it is dry here, water it immediately; if it is not dry, water it in a day or two. When pouring, the whole basin is thoroughly watered for a while, so that all the plant materials are "eaten" to water.

5. In the north, when the winter temperature is close to 3 ℃, the orchids should be moved indoors to avoid freezing damage; in the south of Fujian, orchids can survive the winter safely outdoors.

It will not be too difficult to achieve the above 5 points. Raising orchids is actually so simple! From now on, in a good mood, full of confidence to the fragrance in front of it! I hope my article can give beginners orchid cultivation encouragement, courage, and can provide some substantial help. Mr. Cai Shimin gave me some good advice and would like to thank you.)

How to identify the quality of orchids and the selection and purchase methods of orchids there are more than 35000 species of orchids belonging to 750 genera and more than 70 species of orchids. National orchid varieties are: Chunlan, Jianlan (Siji Orchid), Cymbidium, Chunjian, Cymbidium, Cold Orchid, Lotus Orchid, and some hybrid varieties (such as the "golden child prodigy" in Jianlan is a hybrid of Huilan and Jianlan). There are many varieties in each species, such as Chunlan, Song Mei, Lvyun, and so on. According to the different flowering seasons of orchids, the species of Chinese orchids can be divided into: 1. Spring flowering, also known as Chunlan. The main varieties are: Songmei, Xi Shenmei, Longzi, Cui Yipin, Wang Zi, Cui Gai he, Yingchun Butterfly, laughing Butterfly, Wen Tuansu, Yuepeisu Green and so on. two。 Summer flowering, also known as Charan. The main varieties are: Cymbidium, Taiwan Orchid and so on. 3. Autumn flowering, also known as Jianlan. The main varieties are: Jianlan, Zhanglan, Cymbidium and so on. 4. Winter flowering. The main varieties are Mo Lan, Han Lan and so on. For orchid varieties, some take its fragrance, some take its name, some take its element, some take its gorgeous, some take its new, the evaluation of orchid should be color, type, strange, fragrance, element, rhyme six words. The color is bright and beautiful, with a large contrast with the leaf color; the types are plum petals, lotus petals, bamboo leaf petals, willow leaf petals, linear petals and butterfly petals; odd refers to the unusual number, shape and color of the petals; the incense is compared to the clear color of the dragon; the lip petals of flowers have monochromatic white, green and yellow tongue; rhyme refers to the rhythmic beauty of the overall posture. The outer petals of orchids have three calyx petals, with top petals at the top and side petals on both sides. The upper two pieces of the inner chakra are the rod flap, called the rod heart, and the lower part is the tongue, which is called the lip flap. Novice flower cultivation can start with Jianlan and Mulan, which are easy to raise at a low price. Spring Sword, Cymbidium and Jian Orchid in the north are more suitable for spring selection, extensive management, high temperature requirements, florescence is the severe winter season in the north, and the overwintering temperature should be guaranteed. According to the orchid florescence sequence, reasonable collocation varieties: spring sword: Tonghai spring sword, bright red cinnabar. Spring Sword of the four Seasons, Pocket, Peach Red, short pile Spring Jian. Chunlan: spring send, Green Orchid, Douban Orchid, Shuangfei Yan, Old Age, Guohua, Dragon and Phoenix Chengxiang, Patriotic, Jinding, Dashimen, Big Snow Field, Lightning, Sunrise, Crane Zhihua and Tiger spot. Jianlan: small peach red, iron bone element, four seasons element, Phnom Penh Dagong, imperial concubine, golden ponytail, lotus element, dragon rock element, renhua white, gold lotus. Mo Lan: Jade Lion, Datun Kirin, Lvyun, Taoji, Golden Bird, Wenshan Jialong, Dwarf King, Black King Kong, Black Pearl, Pan long. For beginners to cultivate orchids and choose orchids, there are potted seedlings and bare-root seedlings on the market. Potted seedlings have purple sand pots and black plastic pots. Black plastic pot orchid seedlings grow vigorously, usually 5-8 seedlings, each seedling 2-5 leaves clustered on the oval pseudobulb, leaves erect like a sword, leaves thick, dark green, light, foil erect, sturdy, light brown, 50-80 cm high, 10 flowers per arrow, brown petals, fragrant, sorghum-sized white transparent honey spots connected with flowers and arrows, sticky, basin bottom and outside with orchid roots exposed, indicating that the basin has been serving for a long time. There are no brown spots, rust colors, black spots, stripes and mechanical injuries on the leaves, and the leaf tips have not been trimmed. Purple sand basin in addition to the above conditions, to see whether the matrix is consistent. The orchid basin is new and bright, the matrix color is new, and there is no grass or moss in the topsoil. This is a new basin, so you should be careful in your choice. For bare-root seedlings, such as robust growth, complete root system, no water stains and no disease spots, the leaves are longer than potted seedlings, and a clump of 3-5 seedlings can also be purchased from the end of February to the end of March. If the orchid seedling is bandaged with moss, the root system is less than 10 cm long, and the false bulb can not be bought with thin wire. Pot seedlings from early December to early March, buds should have 1 or 2 open, can tell the true from the false. In the selection and purchase of orchid plant materials, there are two kinds of immortal soil: one mixed with broken red bricks, the other is not mixed, can be directly on the basin, it is breathable, anti-stagnant water, nutrients can be slowly released, and has a good effect on raising strong seedlings. But raising weak seedlings is easy to produce fat and injury spots. Soilless matrix water moss, coconut bran, pebbles and so on. Water moss light absorption, rapid development of orchid plants, convenient management, watering only once a month, rooting faster, white and straight, to shallow planting. Enter the house with coconut bran in winter to prevent cold and dampness from injuring the root, but it is easy to hurt the root by watering carelessly. Stone orchid cultivation is convenient for watering, but it needs to be planted deeply, humus mixed with sand to stand seedlings with sufficient nutrients, but after the new orchids are slowly transferred to normal growth, the seedlings are strong and flowers are prosperous. Quercus variabilis leaf humus soil is good, gold stone is imported from Japan, and the cultivation effect is good. After the purchase of orchid seedlings, it is appropriate to choose mud tile special orchid pots with a diameter of 20 cm and 23 cm, which can be planted with 2-3 clumps of spring orchids. Before planting, spread a layer of green window screen on the bottom of the basin with 3 pieces of potted slices, add 3 cm broken brick grains and charcoal, and then put in the plant material to stretch the root system of the orchid plant, and then add the plant material to 2 cm away from the basin mouth, and it is appropriate to use the soil close to the base of the leaves, so that the basin surface is in the shape of steamed bread and covered with green cloud grass or moss, using the basin bottom permeable method, the basin surface is 3 cm above the water surface, so that the basin soil is soaked, and the slow seedling is placed in a cool place for 7 days and then transferred to normal cultivation.