What are the diseases and insect pests of sword orchid? How to prevent and cure?

The main diseases and insect pests of sword orchid are ball rot, Fusarium wilt, rust, nematodes and root mites.

Prevention and control of bulb rot: it is a disease that often occurs during bulb storage. at the beginning, light brown sunken and wrinkled disease spots appear on the corm, the corm is atrophied and dry, and a turquoise mold layer is produced on it, which does not germinate or grow abnormally after planting, and the leaves are yellow. can't blossom. Bulb damage should be avoided during storage and should be ventilated, dry and at low temperature. Remove the disease ball in time and soak it with 0.3%-0.4% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes.

The control of Fusarium wilt: it is a common leaf disease of sword orchid. The leaves withered in the later stage of the disease, resulting in the death of the whole plant. When the seedlings grow 2 leaves, spray 0.5% Bordeaux solution or 800 times Dyson zinc solution, once every 10 days, 4 times 5 times. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% Dysen zinc water agent 600 times or 50% antiseptic special powder 800 times solution can be used for prevention and treatment. The planting site should be disinfected, and the bulbs should be soaked in 800 liters of mercury or 70% ethanol for 20 minutes before storage.

Prevention and control of rust: the disease is easy to occur when the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 85%. Under the conditions of low-lying terrain, poor drainage, heavy soil viscosity, high planting density and poor ventilation, the disease is serious. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is also easy to cause rust. The planting density should be reasonable to keep the plants in good ventilation and light transmission conditions. At the initial stage of the disease, 15% vermicellin wettable powder 1000 / 1200 times or 80% Dysen zinc 500 times or 20% verapamil EC 400 times were sprayed every 10 to 15 days for a total of 3 times.

Control of nematodes: damage the roots, resulting in the withering and yellowing of the whole plant. 20% wettable acarate 800-1000 solution was sprayed or applied to the soil with carbofuran, Weibai mu, miuron, nematide, dibromoethylene, etc.

Control of root mites: one of the underground pests, it directly feeds on the root system of the corm and spreads other fungal diseases, resulting in poor plant growth, serious leaf drying, and corm rot can be seen in diseased plants without roots. The mite-free seed ball was selected and irrigated with 1000 times of 50% ethyl acaryl alcohol or 1000 times of imidophos EC.

The prevention and control of grubs: grubs are the general name of beetle larvae. In spring and autumn, the damage of grubs is serious under warm and humid conditions, and the occurrence of grubs in the plots where manure is applied is also more serious, mainly feeding on the bulbs of plants, and in severe cases, the plants die or lodge. Dig deep into the soil to catch and kill insects, apply barnyard manure reasonably, and irrigate the soil with 1000 times of phoxim EC when the disease is serious.

Control techniques of Diseases and insect pests of Iris bulb

Bulb Iris, also known as Alice, basket butterfly, for the Iridaceae, Iris flowers. Flowers are large and beautiful, unique colors, such as kites like butterflies, green leaves, like swords if belt, known as the rainbow goddess Alice, is a world-famous garden flowers and excellent varieties of fresh cut flowers.

Iris bulb has strong cold resistance and likes to be born in well-drained, moderately moist and slightly acidic loam. it can also grow on sandy soil and clay and is resistant to drying.

According to the production practice in recent years, the control methods of diseases and insect pests of Iris bulb were studied, which are introduced as follows.

I. Diseases caused by fungi

1. In the plants suffering from orange disease, the bulb scales softened at the base, then showed grayish brown, covered with white mildew, and finally rotted completely. The main cause of the disease is spore infection. The higher the temperature, the faster the disease develops and spreads.

Prevention and treatment methods: tetrachlordane and fenrade were used to disinfect the seed ball for ①. ② disinfects the soil with steam sterilization or potassium bromide. ③ rotates with sword orchid and freesia.

2. The root rot was mainly manifested in the local growth of the plant was blocked, the bud withered, and the root system rotted in the form of water. The cause of the disease is that the nematode is infected by the root through the soil, which is difficult to control.

Prevention and cure method: ① disinfects the seed ball with tetrachlordane + anti-raide. ② soil disinfection, or disinfection with Edeli 5g / m ~ 8g / m ~ 2 or PUBG 7ml / m ~ 2 at the initial stage after planting. ③ was disinfected with methane bromide.

3. Iris suffering from rump rot shows poor fertility, leaves turn yellow and soon wither; the bulb base is rotten, and later white mold is present.

Prevention and treatment methods: ① oxidation bitter soil disinfection. ② Lobilone impregnated bulb disinfection.

2. Diseases caused by viruses

Virus disease, also known as mosaic disease, is mainly characterized by gray-white wheel spots or yellow and white stripes on the leaves. If you see through the light of the plant leaves, there are many small transparent spots that soon turn purple and wither upward from the lower leaves. The main cause is that the virus is transmitted by aphid vectors or by contact with hands and utensils.

Control methods: select disease-free plants or bulbous roots during ① propagation. Disinfect ② hands, knives and other tools. ③ uses marathon, omethoate, aphids and other pesticides to control aphids.

III. Other diseases and insect pests

1. After the root rot nematode plant was damaged, the local growth hindered, the bud withered, and the root system showed many short, narrow and black roots. in severe cases, the bulbs will rot. The control method is to sterilize the soil with steam or to disinfect the soil with methane bromide.

two。 Crickets reproduce mainly in weeds, feeding on the bud tip of the plant and the leaves of the plant soon. Control method: ① spraying heptachlor to kill insects. ③ gets rid of weeds early.

In addition, Iris is also prone to aphids, red ticks and other pests in the process of growth, which mainly occurs in high temperature and dry, and is not easy to become extinct in large occurrence, so it is necessary to spray organic sulfur agent (acaricidal, acaricidal, etc.) and other wall lice agents in the early stage. at the same time, the use of dichlorvos and other insecticidal fumigants can also get a good control effect. However, it is easy to produce drug damage in high temperature and humidity and the whole flowering period, so it should be avoided, or washed with clean water after spraying. Conditional use of injection tube pressurized spray water, the effect of insect control is also very good.

How to control diseases and insect pests of Gladiolus? Gladiolus, alias: ten brocade, sword orchid, calamus orchid, water chestnut lotus, Latin name: Vaniot Houtt, Iridaceae, Gladiolus perennial herbs. The bulb is oblate and spherical, and its original species comes from the Cape of good Hope in South Africa. It has been crossed many times, and its cultivated varieties are widely distributed all over the world. The flower stem is higher than the leaf, and the Corolla tube is in the shape of an expanded funnel, and the flower colors are red, yellow, purple, white, blue and other monochrome or multi-color varieties. It is widely cultivated all over the world. The main producing countries are the United States, the Netherlands, Israel and Japan. Gladiolus is an important fresh cut flower, which can be used as flower basket, bouquet, vase and so on. Flower borders and special flower beds can be arranged. Dwarf varieties can be cultivated in pots. Together with cut rose, carnation and Fulang flower, it is known as the "four cut flowers in the world". Varieties are melancholy gladiolus, Gande gladiolus and so on. Vitamin C can be extracted from stems and leaves.

The common diseases of Gladiolus include corm rot, leaf blight, etc.; the common pests are thrips, slugs and so on. Corm rot is a disease that often occurs during storage. After contracting this disease, the bulb surface will appear yellowish brown slightly sunken disease spot, surrounded by black ulcer, when the air humidity is high, the disease spot expands rapidly, the surface appears turquoise mildew layer, leading to bulb atrophy dry hard. Precautions are to be careful when digging bulbs to avoid bulb trauma. After harvesting the bulbs, it is best to soak them in cold water first, then disinfect them with alcohol and store them dry in the shade, and make the storeroom ventilated and dry, keeping a low temperature of 4-5 degrees. The disease of leaf blight began from the tip of the lower leaves of Gladiolus, which was faded green macula at first and black-brown mildew layer in the later stage, and the disease was more serious from July to September. The precaution is to peel off the dry scales of the bulbs before planting. The bulbs were soaked in 0.5% permanganic acid for 15 minutes and disinfected. Or in the early stage of plant disease, 1% equal volume Bordeaux solution or 50% Dysen zinc 1000 times solution, sprayed once every 8-10 days. Thrips, adults and nymphs of this pest generally hide in the axils of the leaves during the day to harm the plants, and climb to the leaves in cloudy days or at night. It mainly eats the leaves, stems and flowers of the plant, changing the color of the leaves, leaving white-gray food marks and spawning marks on the Corolla, causing the petals to curl. It can be sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin 400 times solution. Slug, commonly known as slug, is a widely distributed and versatile pest. Its adults and nymphs often eat the buds and leaves of the plant, and often leave silver marks in the crawling places. It can be sprayed with 3% lime water or 100 times ammonia water.