High survival rate of cuttage propagation of Pinus elliottii

Luohan pine is not only a precious garden ornamental tree species, but also a good material for tree stump bonsai. However, its provenance is rare, its growth is slow, its fruiting is very late, and the speed of seed reproduction is very slow. In order to speed up the propagation speed, the author has done the experiment of cutting propagation, and the survival rate is very high.

The cuttings are carried out in the open field seedbed. The nursery is located in sandy loam dryland, and the seedling bed is 1 meter wide. The cuttings were selected from the basal sprouts of short-leaf Luohan pine, 30-year-old long-leaf Luohan pine and the upper and middle old lateral branches. Two segments are cut down from the top of each branch, the length of the segment is about 5cm to 10cm, pay attention to the cuttings leaving terminal buds or 1 cuttings with 2 complete lateral buds. Leave 2-3 whorls of leaves near the bud, remove the rest of the branches and leaves, and then cut the cuttings into a single Mal shape. The cutting part is best in the node of the branch, in order to take root. Immediately after cutting, take the cuttings and dip them in the yellow mud. Wait for the mud to dry and then cut it. When inserting, first poke a hole in the bed with your finger, and then insert the cuttings gently, with a depth of about 2 to 3 of the length of the cuttings. After insertion, press slightly with your hand, so that the cut is in full contact with the soil, and finally pour water through.

Management measures: setting up a shade after insertion. In the first half of the month, water is watered every 2-3 days on sunny days. In the future, depending on the specific situation, it will generally be watered when the soil is dry.

Test results: the survival rate of short-leaf Siraitia grosvenorii was 98% and that of long-leaf Siraitia grosvenorii was 95% after 6 months. The roots are well developed, with as many as 100 roots per plant and 3 cm in length. However, the survival rate of cuttings who are too young or too old are lower.

Morphological characteristics of Pinus elliottii Reproduction Mode and function of Pinus elliottii

Luohan pine is a kind of pine, also known as Luohanshan, evergreen, Taxodium, Pinus elliottii, Pinus elliottii, Siberian cypress, Luohanbai, Jiangnan cypress, can be up to 18 meters high, usually pruned to keep low, leaves alternate, arranged in a spiral shape, also divided into male and female, the species is larger than the seed, ripe red, plus green seeds, like a bald monk wearing red robes, hence the name Luohan pine. Luo Hansong is common in South China, including Hong Kong. Because potted Siraitia grosvenorii is available for viewing, and its wood is used for construction, medicine and carving, so its value is very high. As a result, there have been a number of cases in which Hong Kong Luohansong has been illegally felled by illegal immigrants from the mainland.

Morphological characteristics of Pinus elliottii

Branches of Pinus elliottii (original variety) are trees, up to 20 m high and 60 cm in DBH; bark gray or grayish brown, shallowly longitudinally lobed, deciduous in thin flakes; branches spreading or obliquely spreading, denser.

Leaves of Pinus elliottii are spirally inserted, striate-lanceolate, slightly curved, 7-12 cm long and 7-10 mm wide, apex pointed, base cuneate, dark green above, glossy, midrib conspicuously elevated, whitish, grayish green or light green below, midrib slightly raised.

Male cones of Siraitia grosvenorii are spicate, axillary, often 3-5 clustered on very short peduncles, 3-5 cm long, with several triangular bracts at base; female cones solitary in leaf axils, pedicellate, with a few bracts at base.

The seed of Pinus elliottii is ovoid, about 1 cm in diameter, apex round, fleshy aril purple-black when ripe, white powder, seed receptacle fleshy cylindrical, red or purplish red, stalk 1-1.5 cm long.

The flowering period is from April to May and the seeds are mature from August to September.

Ecological habits of Luohansong

Luohansong likes warm and humid climate, weak cold tolerance, potted ornamental plants in North China, strong negative resistance, strong adaptability to sandy loam with good drainage, strong adaptability to soil, and strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxide and other pollution gases. Strong resistance to diseases and insect pests.

Cultivation techniques of Luohansong

Like warm, humid and semi-shady environment, cold tolerance is slightly poor, afraid of waterlogging and strong light, requires fertile, well-drained sandy loam. It is best to transplant from March to April in spring, small seedlings need to carry soil, large seedlings with soil balls, can also be potted. Water thoroughly after planting. Keep the soil moist during the growing period. It needs to be maintained in a semi-shady place in the high temperature season in midsummer. Fertilize once every two months. Potted plants should be protected against cold in winter, pots can be buried in the soil and watering can be reduced.

Key points of management

Pinus elliottii is a neutral and negative tree species, which can not only accept strong light, but also grow in shady environment. Although the temperature is high and the sun is strong in summer, it is not necessary to shade the tree in summer because the tree is propitious to maintain its leaf shape under the condition of high temperature and strong light. Because of the tender tissue, the seedlings of Luohan pine should not be exposed to strong light for a long time, so it is suggested that they should be preserved in the shade.

Watering Luohan pine is not a pine plant and is not resistant to drought. On the contrary, Luohansong is resistant to Yin and dampness, so it should be watered frequently during the growing period, but it should not be watered. Shunde area should pay attention to regular watering when it is sunny in summer, generally watering once in the morning and evening, and often spraying foliar water to make the leaves bright green and grow well. Rain Water is usually more in summer. Luo Hansong is not resistant to waterlogging, so we should pay attention to prevent stagnant water for a long time.

Fertilization Luohansong like fertilizer, should be thin fertilizer frequently, fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, can add appropriate amount of black alum, retting into alum fertilizer water. During the growing period, fertilization can be applied once every two months, and fertilization can be combined with watering at the same time (the ratio of water and fertilizer is 9:1). Siraitia grosvenorii planted in a large area can be applied in a semi-orchard ditch with 300 grams of fast-soluble compound fertilizer each time. Potted plants can be sprayed with 0.5% water fertilizer or 1.0% water fertilizer or thin cake liquid water fertilizer each time.

The mode of reproduction of Luohansong

Pinus elliottii is commonly used for sowing and cutting propagation. Sow seeds, sow after seed collection in August, and germinate about 10 days later. Cuttings are carried out in spring and autumn, dormant branches are selected in spring, semi-woody twigs are selected in autumn, 12-15 cm, inserted into the seedbed of sand and soil, and take root in about 50-60 days.

Tender wood cuttage

Softwood cutting refers to the cutting method of using semi-mature branches as cuttings in the growing season of seedlings, which is mainly suitable for evergreen and semi-evergreen woody flowers. Such as camellia, rhododendron, golden leaf privet, sweet-scented osmanthus, Luo Han pine, red leaf heather, yew, Haitong, rose, cedar, cypress and so on. For individual deciduous trees that are difficult to take root, such as ginkgo biloba, it is also appropriate to use tender wood cuttings. The specific operation method of tender wood cutting is: in the vigorous seedling growth season, cut the semi-lignified branches of the same year, according to 2 to 4 nodes (one or a pair of leaves for a section) into a section, each section is about 10 cm long, keeping 1 to 2 leaves above, and removing 1 to 2 leaves in the lower part. Tree species with large leaves, such as camellias, sweet-scented osmanthus, and heather, can cut off the leaves 1 / 2, then cut or cut the lower end of the cuttings into an oblique mouth, and then tie the cuttings with dozens of pieces of rope. finally, the cuttings are evenly glued with mud made of clean loess plus fungicides, rooting agents and water, which can be cut in the prepared seedling bed after the mud dries slightly. Tender wood cutting requires that the soil of the seedling bed should be fine, soft and flat, remove weeds and other impurities, and spray, disinfect and kill insects on the soil. The cutting depth is about 5 cm. After the cuttage is finished, sprinkle with water, immediately after the leaf droplets dry, spray pesticides on the seedbed again to kill bacteria and insects, then put on the bamboo bow, cover it with plastic film, and then insert some bamboo bow to cover the bamboo bow with a black shade net. The film and shade net should be fixed. The bamboo bow supporting the shading net is 15 to 20 centimeters higher than the bamboo bow supporting the film, so as to prevent the heat from the shading net from passing into the film and scalding the seedlings. At this point, all the cutting work has been completed.

After the end of cutting, but also often on the nursery bed for inspection and care, check the seedbed covered by the film, shade net is bitten by insects, rats, blown open by the wind. Uncover the film and shade net every 15 days or so, spray pesticides to kill bacteria and insects, and then cover the film and shade net again. If the seedbed soil is found to be dry, sprinkle some water before spraying, and then spray pesticides after the foliar water dries. Generally uncover the film spray 2 to 3 times, the cuttings have taken root and survived, and then can be given medicine every 1 to 2 months. After the cuttings survive, you can consider uncovering the film. Before officially uncovering the film, you should choose a cloudy and rainy day, first uncover the film at one or both ends of the seedbed for several days, and then remove all the film. The shade net should still be covered after uncovering the film. For the seedlings cut in the first half of the year, the shade net can not be removed until late autumn, because the young seedlings cannot stand strong light exposure. In particular, it is worth mentioning that Ligustrum lucidum and Ligustrum lucidum are susceptible seedlings, and the film should be uncovered in time. Generally, about 90% of the seedlings can take root 20 days after insertion. After removing the film, you should immediately spray fungicide to prevent disease, spray once in 7 to 10 days, and spray 3 to 4 times in a row.

Softwood cuttings are generally carried out from mid-late May to early July in the first half of the year, and from mid-late August to mid-late September in the second half of the year. Seedlings planted in the first half of the year should pay attention to prevent high temperature burns and diseases. Seedlings planted in the second half of the year should pay attention to the middle and later stage of heat preservation and anti-freezing, the time to uncover the shade net is in late November, and the time to uncover the shade net in dry years can be extended to late December.

Hardwood cutting refers to the method of cutting the sturdy branches completely lignified in the previous year during the dormant stage from February to March in early spring when the sap has not yet flowed. This method is mainly suitable for deciduous trees such as crape myrtle, hibiscus, grape, poplar, willow and so on, and a few evergreen trees can also be cut with hardwood, such as oleander. What should be paid attention to in hardwood cutting in early spring is to improve the soil temperature and control the temperature in the greenhouse. In short, whether it is softwood cuttings or hardwood cuttings, we should not only do a good job in the disinfection of cuttings and soil, but also regulate the temperature, humidity and light of the seedbed. In addition, in order to improve the survival rate of seedling cuttings, some measures should be taken to promote rooting.

The function and use of Luohansong

Economic value the material of Luohansong is meticulous and uniform and easy to process. It can be used as furniture, utensils, stationery and agricultural tools.

Although Luohan pine originated in China, due to historical reasons, the number of large-scale Luohan pine old enough is very few, and the number of large-size green seedlings of Luohan pine is also very limited. As a slow-growing tree species, Luohan pine itself can not be copied quickly, and the existing quantity is far from enough to meet the needs of courtyard greening and high-end residential landscape, especially the large size and beautiful shape of Luohan pine is difficult to obtain. It is understood that engineering seedlings with a breast diameter of more than 10 cm on the market mainly rely on imports.

Guangdong, China is dominated by household consumption. it is understood that in Guangdong, families become the main force of Luohansong consumption, with a purchase proportion of about 30%, preferring to choose middle and high-end products, followed by landscaping units of about 20%. Enterprises and institutions account for about 20%, collectors account for about 15%, and other uses account for about 15%.

Luo Hansong is elegant and upright, with a strong and vigorous momentum, coupled with the implication of "longevity" and "auspiciousness" in Chinese culture, owners who pursue high-grade courtyard beautification often like to plant one or two trees of Luo Han pine, adding a masterpiece to create their own "garden-style tale".

The Flower language of Luo Hansong

Luo Han Song flower language: youth, vitality, health, longevity, luck, money.

After reading the above introduction about the reproduction mode and function of Luohansong, do you know more about the breeding mode of Luohansong? if you want to know more about Luohansong, please continue to pay attention.

How does Luohansong breed?

Luohansong, also known as Luohanshan, evergreen Siraitia, Taxodium, Pinus elliottii, etc., is an evergreen coniferous tree of the family Luohansong, which likes warm and humid climate, weak cold tolerance, potted ornamental plants in North China, and has high ornamental value. China is distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui and other places. Let's take a look at how Luohansong propagates.

Sowing and propagation of Pinus elliottii

Luohansong began to bear fruit at the age of 10 years or so, and the phenomenon of big and small years was not obvious. It is best to sow seeds as they are picked and not to be stored for the summer. Soak the seeds for several days first, and then strip sow or sow on demand after the seeds are fully absorbed and swollen. The sowing depth is better to cover the seeds, cover the grass to moisturize after sowing, and spray water once a day. If sowing in the open field, it is also necessary to cover grass to survive the winter in the southwest. Pot sowing is needed in other areas, and after sowing, it is moved to a low-temperature greenhouse to overwinter. The seedlings can be unearthed in 8 to 10 days. Remove the cover grass and shade immediately after being unearthed. Do not expose yourself to the sun. For potted plants, the terminal buds can be removed at the age of one year to promote the germination of many branches. generally, seedlings of one and a half to two years old can be planted in pots and begin to shape curved branches. Planting plants, generally 3-4-year-old seedlings, it is appropriate to bring soil balls out of the nursery.

Striping propagation of Pinus elliottii

Striping propagation of Luohansong should be carried out before and after the sting of the solar term in spring (that is, early March). Use the dwarf Luohan pine ball to select branches that are slightly smaller than chopsticks close to the ground, cut the branches oblique with a knife on the side of the ground at the base, and insert an inch-long piece of bamboo into the incision horizontally, insert a small stick next to it, tie it up gently with plastic tape, then cover the cut with loose soil and gently compact it. Cover it with dead grass to keep it moist. After March, the branch can take root at the cut. The Autumn Equinox used shears to cut and transplant from the base of branches after solar terms.

Cuttage Propagation of Pinus elliottii

1. Softwood cuttings: the softwood cuttings of Luohan pine were carried out from mid-late May to early July in the first half of the year, and from mid-late August to mid-late September in the second half of the year. Seedlings planted in the first half of the year should pay attention to preventing high temperature burns and diseases. Seedlings planted in the second half of the year should pay attention to heat preservation and anti-freezing in the middle and later periods. The time to uncover the shading net is late November, and the time to uncover the shading net in dry years can be extended to late December.

2. Hardwood cutting: hardwood cutting refers to the method of cutting the sturdy branches completely lignified in the previous year when the sap has not yet flowed from February to March in early spring. Early spring hardwood cutting should pay attention to improve the soil temperature and control the air temperature in the greenhouse. In short, whether it is softwood cuttings or hardwood cuttings, we should not only do a good job in the disinfection of cuttings and soil, but also regulate the temperature, humidity and light of the seedbed. In addition, in order to improve the survival rate of seedling cuttings, some measures should be taken to promote rooting.