What physiological diseases are easy to occur in the process of carnation cultivation? How to reduce the occurrence of these diseases?

The main physiological diseases in the cultivation of carnation are calyx rupture, flower head bending, albino leaves and so on. Especially the first two items can significantly reduce the quality of cut flowers.

(1) Calyx ruptured. Calyx rupture occurs more easily in large gear trains than in medium gear trains, and sometimes more than 50% of diseased flowers occur. The reason is that the flower grows faster than the calyx, thus crushing the calyx. In order to prevent the calyx from breaking, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the cultivation room at night and breathe fully during the day to reduce the temperature difference between day and night; it is necessary to water properly to avoid being too dry or too wet; at the same time, it is also necessary to lower the temperature during the day. The treatment of soybean-sized buds with gibberellin at a concentration of 30mg / L also had the effect of reducing calyx rupture.

(2) the phenomenon of flower head bending. The phenomenon of head bending, which will increase the difficulty of modeling in the application of cut flowers. This phenomenon usually occurs more frequently in pink varieties. The reason is excessive nutrition or short sunshine time and low temperature in the period of flower bud differentiation. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer application should be limited from October to December, the lowest indoor temperature should not be less than 15 ℃, and small electric lamps should be used for 3 hours to supplement the lack of light.

(3) albino leaves. From March to April, the room temperature increased rapidly, and the leaves of some varieties lacked chlorophyll, resulting in albinism. This is due to the fact that low temperature or dryness in winter affects the absorption of nutrients or water by roots. Therefore, keeping the right temperature and keeping the right amount of water in the period of low temperature can prevent the production of albino leaves.

Heliotropium arborescens perfume sketch guide: how to raise perfume grass / how to propagate perfume grass business card perfume grass Heliotropium arborescens perfume grass introduction of perfume grass also known as jasmine, thick green and fat leaves, thick wrinkle. The flowers are small, gathered into a ball of velvet, pansy or purple, with a special attractive fragrance, refreshing. The temperature is suitable for the flowers to be enjoyed all the year round, but the blooming is the most from April to June. Flowers contain aromatic oils, which can be extracted and used to make floral cosmetics. Vanilla plant height about 50 cm, stem Lignification is subshrub-like; branches yellow-brown, erect or spreading, twigs covered with white bristles, leaves alternate, petiole short, leaf blade ovoid to ovate-lanceolate, entire, leaf surface rough, leaf veins 7-8 pairs, main veins and lateral veins are sunken, so that the leaf surface is wrinkled, the back of the leaf is white velvet. Inflorescences of vermilion, small flowers, calyx as long as tube; Corolla 5-lobed, funnel-shaped, lobes short, broadly everted, pansy or purple, with special aroma. The morphological characteristics of perfume grass plant height is about 50 cm, stem Lignification is subshrub-like; branches yellowish brown, erect or spreading, twigs covered with white setae, leaves alternate, petiole short, leaf blade ovoid to ovate-lanceolate, entire, leaf surface rough, leaf veins 7-8 pairs, main veins and lateral veins are sunken, so that the leaf surface is wrinkled, the back of the leaf is white velvet. Terminal agglomerate inflorescences, flowers small, calyx as long as Corolla; Corolla 5-lobed, funnelform, lobes short, broadly everted, pansy or purple, with special aroma. The leaves of perfume grass are thick, green and fat, thick and wrinkled. The flowers are small, gathered into a ball of velvet, pansy or purple, with a special attractive fragrance, refreshing. Compared with the current standard perfume varieties, the hybrid midnight and dusk series provide improved seed quality, neat plant habits and flowering quality. The ecological habits of perfume grass is a light-loving plant, requiring plenty of sunlight, in the lack of sunlight environment, easy to grow thin, small branches, or can not blossom. The perfume grass is moved to a sunny place in winter; in summer, the perfume grass is placed under the shade or in a shaded place to block the strong sunlight, otherwise the leaves are easy to burn and turn yellow; the perfume grass can get enough sunshine in spring and autumn. The cultivation techniques of vanilla in potted soil should use fertile and loose loam with good drainage, which is generally mixed with 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of compost soil, 2 parts of sand soil and 1 part of plant ash. It usually takes 3 months from seedling to flowering. The root system of the plant is well developed, and the fibrous root grows very vigorously, so it is appropriate to change the pot for two times in order to facilitate the root system development. After transplanting into the pot, it is necessary to pick the heart in time from the seedlings to promote its branching and more flowering. Those who need to turn over the basin should also pick the heart to make it form a dense and satisfactory plant shape. If you want to cultivate a larger plant type, you can use pillars to support and kidnap, and peel off all its lateral buds to make the branches grow to height. After the stem grows high, the heart is picked repeatedly to make it grow into an umbrella-shaped plant. The perfume grass likes the humid environment, the basin soil should keep moist in the vigorous growth season in spring, too dry and too wet will cause the leaves to turn yellow, generally watering once a day in spring and autumn, and the growth is slow in summer, it is best to water once in the morning and evening. Proper control of moisture in winter should not be too wet, and water should be watered once every 3-4 days. Perfume grass is a fertilizer-loving flower, which can be topdressing after a week, applying thin and rotten cake water or fermented chicken manure once a week during the growth period, and adding compound fertilizer every 2 meters every 3 weeks. The room temperature is low in winter and hot in summer. The interval between topdressing can be extended or fertilization can be stopped. Perfume grass is a light-loving plant, which requires plenty of sun. in an environment with insufficient sunlight, it is easy to grow thin, have small branches, or cannot blossom. Move it to a sunny place in winter; put perfume grass under a shade or shade in summer to block the strong sunlight, otherwise the leaves are easy to burn withered and yellow; you can get plenty of sunshine in spring and autumn. When the summer temperature exceeds 30 ℃, the plant grows slowly and enters a semi-dormant state. If exposed to the hot sun, the leaves are easy to wither and yellow. Therefore, the flowerpot should be moved to a cool and ventilated place in summer, the suitable temperature for growth is 15 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, it can continue to blossom when the room temperature is above 13 ℃ in winter, and it can blossom all the year round in the greenhouse. The overwintering temperature is 5℃ 7 ℃, and the temperature drops to about 0 ℃. After several years of cultivation, the plant is easy to aging, the flowering position continues to move upward, the basal leaves gradually fall off with the Lignification of the stem, and the lower part of the plant is often bald, so new plants are generally cultivated by cutting after 2-3 years of cultivation. Although the perfume grass is a sub-shrub, it is often cultivated in one or two years because of its soft branches, scattered old plants and unbeautiful posture. It is easy to be harmed by shell insects in the process of growth, so attention should be paid to prevention and control. The culture method of perfume grass Rizhao is a light-loving plant that requires plenty of sunlight. In an environment with insufficient sunlight, it is easy to grow thin, have small branches, or cannot blossom. Move it to a sunny place in winter; put perfume grass under a shade or shade in summer to block the strong sunlight, otherwise the leaves are easy to burn withered and yellow; you can get plenty of sunshine in spring and autumn. It takes only 2-3 months to manage the perfume grass from seedling to flowering, during which the pot needs to be changed 1-2 times. Perfume grass has developed roots, many whisker roots, strong absorptive capacity, and fast growth. After transplanting to a small pot, it is necessary to pick the heart from the seedlings in time as it grows, so as to promote branching. Water perfume grass likes the humid environment, the moisture should not be too wet in winter, generally speaking, it should be watered once a day in 2-3 days, once a day with the temperature in spring and autumn, and once in the morning and evening in summer. Low room temperature in winter and hot weather in summer can prolong the interval of topdressing or stop topdressing. The suitable time for cutting propagation can be carried out in all seasons, but it is better in spring and autumn; the suitable sowing time is autumn, and the life span of vanilla is very short and can only last for one year, so the harvested seeds should be sowed early in order to obtain a higher seedling emergence rate. Indoor cuttings are mostly carried out in 2mi-March, softwood cuttings. Generally carried out in the rainy season, the stem segment with 2 or 4 nodes is cut from the robust twigs on the upper part of the plant, and the incision should be about 0.5 cm below the node and be smooth. Remove the lower leaves of the cuttings, leaving only the upper 2-3 leaves. River sand is usually used as cutting medium. The depth of the cuttings is 1PUBG 3 of the cuttings, after cutting, gently press around the base, so that the cuttings are closely connected with the sand, pour enough water after cutting, and shade, and then maintain a certain humidity, root for about 3 weeks, and then transplant to a small pot, the basin soil can choose humus soil, sand, garden soil, add a small amount of plant ash to mix well. After 20 days, the pot was turned over and planted in a larger basin. Coring is carried out when the seedling is 7 to 8 centimeters high. To strengthen fertilizer and water management, it generally takes about 60 days from cuttage to flowering. The suitable time for sowing, propagation and sowing is autumn sowing, and the life span of vanilla is very short and can only last for one year, so the seeds harvested should be sowed early in order to obtain a higher seedling emergence rate. The temperature is 22 ℃ and germinates in about 20 ℃. Although the perfume grass is a sub-shrub, it is often cultivated in one or two years because of its soft branches, scattered old plants and unbeautiful posture. Perfume grass is easy to be damaged by shell insects in the process of growth, so attention should be paid to prevention and control. The variety classification of perfume grass midnight and dusk series are therefore very suitable for the commercial production of burrow seedlings and flowers. The leaves of these two varieties are bright dark green and have uniform wrinkles. The height of midnight series is 25-30 cm, and that of dusk series is 35-40 cm. No other plant can provide such a perfect combination of dark blue and fragrance. The use of perfume uses perfume grass with large inflorescences, strong aroma and elegant blue-purple color, which is very suitable for indoor flower configuration in summer, suitable for potted flowers, cut flowers or for flower bed planting or potted plants. It has a unique fragrance and can be made into spices; the temperature is suitable for flowers throughout the year, but it blossoms most from April to June. Flowers contain aromatic oils, which can be extracted and used to make floral cosmetics. There are more than 250 species of the same genus, which are distributed in tropical and temperate regions. The main ornamental species are: large flower perfume grass and European perfume grass. Folk used to incense rooms and clothes, rainy and humid weather is more fragrant, often used to make fragrant medicine pillows, sachet and other things to calm the mind and refresh the air. Tender stems and leaves can be used for cooking; dry ones can be used as cooking seasoning. It is very suitable for the computer, the desk and the bedside. Perfume processing perfume grass is very rich in flower fragrance, which can be divided into four categories according to extraction and manufacturing process: one is to extract essential oil directly from flowers and enter the market. The second category is extracted from flowers and then blended. The more important roses, jasmine, carnations, violets, evening jade, lavender, hyacinth, honeysuckle, daffodils and acacia that we know every day are in this category. Three types are extracted from flowers that are being studied. Among the above fragrance, rose, jasmine, clove, lily of the valley, carnation, evening jade, hyacinth, orange blossom, orange blossom (neroli), violet, perfume, gardenia and so on can be made into a variety of fragrant base which is widely used, so it is the most common and very important flower fragrance. The garden use of perfume grass has a unique fragrance and can be made into spices; cut flowers, flower beds, potted plants. Ornamental application of perfume grass is suitable for potted flowers, cut flowers or for planting in flower beds. The cultural background name of perfume grass comes from the unique fragrance of perfume grass, so it is called perfume grass. Perfume processing perfume grass is very rich in flower fragrance, which can be divided into four categories according to extraction and manufacturing process: one is to extract essential oil directly from flowers and enter the market. The second category is extracted from flowers and then blended. The more important roses, jasmine, carnations, violets, evening jade, lavender, hyacinth, honeysuckle, daffodils and acacia that we know every day are in this category. Three types are extracted from flowers that are being studied. Apricot flower, mast flower, fragrant violet flower, wisteria, perfume, lilac, white lily, magnolia, citrus flower, lilac, banyan flower, lily of the valley, acacia, cypress flower, Tangdi flower, European heather flower, coffee tree flower, cyclamen, Ruixiang, egg flower and so on. Four types are artificial flowers: Lily of the valley, clove, vanilla, gardenia, acacia, lily, orchid, tulip, sweet pea, clover, daffodil, magnolia, chrysanthemum, plum blossom, cyclamen and so on. Among the above fragrance, rose, jasmine, clove, lily of the valley, carnation, evening fragrant jade, Fengxinyu, orange blossom, orange blossom (neroli), violet, perfume, gardenia and so on can be made into a variety of fragrant base which is widely used, so it is the most common and very important flower fragrance. The flower language of perfume grass: devotion. Flower etiquette: the branches in full bloom will be cut short and made into corsage, with pearl strings, and decorated with old-fashioned lace, will be very beautiful. You can put the flowers in a gift box and give them to others. Heliotropiumarborescens is a low shrub of the genus Brassica juncea of the Artemisia family, with dense purple and white flowers of 3mm and 5mm. The fragrance of the flowers is sweet and full-bodied. However, European and American people like the fragrance of flowers very much. Perfume herbs are known as "immortal herbs" in Germany and "wood of love" in France. Pictures of perfume grass