What should we pay attention to when cultivating and breeding purple back evergreen?

Evergreen sex likes semi-shade, warm, moist, well-ventilated environment, not drought-resistant, slightly cold-resistant; avoid direct sunlight and stagnant water.

Evergreen (scientific name: Rohdeajaponica) is the only species under the genus evergreen, is a perennial evergreen herb, also known as Jian, thousand-year-old, open throat sword, Jiujie lotus, winter does not wither, winter does not wither grass, iron pole, ebony venom, white sand grass, chopping snake sword, etc., originated in southern China and Japan, is a very popular excellent ornamental plant, in China has a long history of cultivation.

Morphological characteristics

Perennial evergreen herbs, without stems above ground. The rhizome is thick and short, yellowish-white, articulate, with many slender fibrous roots on nodes. The leaves are clustered from the rhizome, thick, lanceolate or banded, 10-25 cm long and 2.5-5.5 cm wide, with the edge slightly pleated, the base narrowing to the shape of a petiole, dark green above, light green below, many parallel veins straight out, and the main vein thicker. Scape from leaves in spring and summer, 10-20 cm long; flowers numerous, clustered at tip in short spikes; perianth 6, light green-white, ovate to triangular, head tip, base broad, lower part healed into disk; stamens 6, sessile, anthers long-elliptic; ovary globose, style short, stigma 3-lobed. The berry is globose, orange-red; contains 1 seed

The common varieties are:

1. Evergreen in Phnom Penh (var.marginata).

two。 Silver evergreen (Var.variegata).

Others are large leaves, fine leaves, dwarfs, and varieties with yellow and white markings, more in Japan and Taiwan. Place of Origin

Wannianqing originated in China and Japan. It is widely distributed in China, including East China, Central China and Southwest China, and the main producing areas are Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei and other places.

Ten thousand young people like to grow in wet places under the forest or in the grass.

The general garden soil can be cultivated, but the slightly acidic sandy loam rich in humus, loose and permeable is the best.

Habitat

It grows in moist areas of forests and grassy slopes at an altitude of 700 mi 1700 m. Naturally distributed in China's Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Japan's Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku.

Medicinal use

Evergreen contains evergreen glycosides (Rhodexin A, B, C, D), which has cardiotonic and diuretic effect, but it is toxic, and overdose will endanger life, so it should be used with caution.

Evergreen can also be used as a traditional Chinese medicine for heat-clearing medicine. in the New compilation of Materia Medica, the roots and leaves of evergreen can be used as medicine, which can strengthen heart and diuresis, clear heat and detoxify, cool blood and stop bleeding, and the medicinal properties are bitter, sweet, cold and slightly toxic. Can be used to prevent and treat diphtheria, diphtheria caused by myocarditis, sore throat, and adverse urination and other diseases. [7] [8] however, evergreen has a certain toxicity and will produce digitalis-like effect, so we should pay attention to the dosage when using it.

Cultivation of evergreen flowers

Evergreen likes warmth and humidity, waterlogging and semi-shade, not drought, semi-shade, sun exposure, cold tolerance, slightly fertile weak acid soil, but neutral and weakly alkaline soil can also grow, so a little fertilization can be applied.

Evergreen can be propagated by ramet or sowing, which is best in spring and autumn. If sowing, the fleshless seeds will be planted in the soil from March to April to keep the soil moist. The suitable temperature is 2030 ℃, and it can germinate after about 30 days. Evergreen is easy to cultivate, has strong adaptability, a small amount of fertilization, pay attention to shade, pay attention to ventilation, pay attention to the temperature of its environment above 0 ℃ in winter, it can grow well. Cultivated species

The Japanese also like to cultivate evergreen, and there is also an association of enthusiasts who cultivate evergreen in Japan, the Japan evergreen Association (Japan Association). There are many cultivated species of evergreen. In Japan, there are more than 1000 cultivated species that have been registered with the Japan evergreen Association. The following are some cultivated species, most of which are cultivated in Japan: [10] [11] [12]

Evergreen Rohdea japonica var in Phnom Penh. Marginata: the leaves are turquoise green with white edges.

Silver evergreen Rohdea japonica var. Variegata: the leaves are white and green, with dark green and wide edges.

Daye evergreen Rohdea japonica var. Latifolia: alias "Chimo evergreen", the petiole is thick, and the leaves can be up to 50 cm long.

Capital (capital city): the plant is tall, the leaves are thick and erect, dark turquoise, with a white border.

Shu: the petiole is very thick, with tiger markings on the leaves, and there is a smooth transition between the markings and the green. This appearance is called the "dawn tiger".

Five states: the edge of the leaf is a circle of white and yellow edges, with yellow stripes in the middle.

Dawei: there are edges and there is a white pattern on the green leaves.

Fine leaves evergreen: the leaves are small, but thicker.

Root bank pine (Pinus elliottii): the leaves are slightly curved, with white and green filament stripes crisscrossing each other, and the edges are dark green.

Fuji snow (Fuji snow): the leaves are erect, with a large number of neat white patches on the front, or mostly white and green patches.

Fujitu: the leaves are erect and white, with more cluttered green spots and stripes, just like a map.

Sun and Moon Star: the leaves stand erect, the edges are white, white and green bands run through the leaves, arranged neatly. The species with spots is called "Earth Treasure".

Lion evergreen: the leaves are smooth and long, with the whole leaf curling inward. The characteristic of this evergreen is that the root system curls a lot.

Jade lion: the edge is white, the leaves curl inward, and the leaves are smooth and wavy, such as the hair of a stone lion. The breed with markings is called "Yushuzi tiger".

Dance of Crane: the leaves have yellow and white stripes that run through the leaves, with ribbed and linear ribs raised, the leaves are wide and sharp at the tip.

Chimera evergreen: the leaves are large and long, with many pinstripes in the middle.

Xuexi brocade: the leaves are soft, white, with green edges, and the back is wired with protruding middle ribs.

Luosha evergreen: the leaves are small and thick, with a woolly texture.

Rich country Hall: the leaves are short, sharp at the tip, with white broad edges, and the back is wired with protruding ribs.

Fengshule: the leaves are short, erect, and the back is wired with a raised middle rib, sometimes in the shape of a thin sword.

Dieffenbachia

[alias] Dai Fan Ye.

[scientific name] Dieffenbachia maculata

Araceae (Araceae), Daifen.

Perennial evergreen herbs. The stem is stout and succulent, and the plant height can reach 1 meter. The leaf is large and bright, born on the upper part of the stem, elliptic-oval or broad slope needle-shaped, apex acuminate, entire, 20-50 cm long, 5-15 cm wide, dark green on both sides of the leaf, inlaid with dense, irregular white, milky white, yellowish and other color spots, markings, patches. Common horticultural varieties are Dawangdai powder leaf, Baiyudai powder leaf, summer white powder leaf and so on.

[habits] native to tropical America. Like high temperature, high humidity, semi-shade or shade environment. Not cold-resistant, avoid strong light, requires loose, fertile, well-drained sandy loam.

[propagation] mainly by cutting. Cut off the small plant from the base of the plant from April to May in spring, dry the wound slightly, or touch the wound with plant ash and insert it into plain sandy soil. pay attention to shading and moisturizing, and it can take root in about 1 month.

[cultivation] 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of garden soil and 1 part of river sand plus a small amount of mature basal fertilizer were used as culture soil. In order to keep the basin soil moist in the growing season, we should water more, rather wet than dry, supplemented by foliar spraying. Control moisture in autumn, dry and wet; pay attention to make basin soil dry in winter. Fertilization during the growing period is generally once a month, usually to prevent direct sunlight, to be shaded. Change the basin once a year in spring. The winter overwintering temperature should not be lower than 10 ℃.

[use] potted ornamental plants. It is suitable to decorate the living room and study.

Decorative application: young plants, small potted plants, can be placed on the desk, windowsill to watch. Medium-sized potted plants can be placed in the corner of the living room and the edge of the sofa as decoration, making the room full of natural vitality.

Light: resistant to semi-shade, avoid excessive sunlight, but the light is too dark, it will also cause the leaves to fade.

Water: like wet water, more watering should be done during the growth period from March to August. It is necessary to sprinkle water frequently in summer to increase environmental humidity.

Temperature: like high temperature, not cold-resistant, the suitable temperature for growth is 20ml / 30℃. The lowest overwintering temperature is above 12 ℃. Once frozen, the leaves will wilt and the terminal buds will die.

Fertilizer: during the growing period, nitrogen fertilizer was applied every month to promote its rapid growth, and fertilizer and water were applied every two weeks from March to August. Reduce fertilization after autumn.

Soil: soil that requires loose, fertile and well-drained soil.

Propagation: cuttage propagation. It can be carried out in spring and summer. Take 10 Mel 15 cm long twigs, insert them into the yellow sand medium, take root in 20 mi 30 days, and then change them into a new pot depending on the size of the plant.

Ornithogalum caudatum

Jane introduced Tiger Eye evergreen is native to southern Africa. Like the sun, but also resistant to semi-shade, cold-resistant, afraid of direct sunlight in summer, good humid environment, leaves are still green after heavy frost in winter. The bulb has the habit of dormancy in summer, the bulb has strong meristematic ability and high reproduction coefficient.

Multiplication is often used to divide balls and sow and reproduce. The bulbs were dug up from August to September and planted according to their size. After a few years of planting, the bulbs were divided into bulbs when the bulbs were crowded. Sowing and propagation, seedlings need to be cultivated for 3-4 years before they can blossom.

The cultivation is robust and resistant to extensive management. fertilizing once a month, the soil should be loose, moist and well drained. The residual pedicel should be removed after flowering, and the flower will bloom more in the following year. The storage temperature of the bulb is 25 ℃ and needs to be dried and ventilated.

Diseases and insect pests have the harm of mosaic disease, and the virus is transmitted by aphids, which can be sprayed and controlled by 2.5% fish rattan essence 800 times.

Tiger Eye evergreen should bloom from mid-April to early May, with white, orange and double species. Spring star-shaped white flowers twinkle, elegant and simple, is an excellent tree material for the layout of natural gardens and rock gardens, but also suitable for cut flowers and potted ornamental.

Guangdong evergreen is also called Liangsi grass.

It is a perennial herb of Araceae, with a plant height of 60cm to 70cm, an erect stem without branching and obvious internodes.

Leaves alternate, petiole long, base enlarged into a sheath, leaves green, long lanceolate or oval-lanceolate. Autumn flowering, inflorescences axillary, shorter than petiole.

Its broad and bright leaves, green four seasons, especially shade-resistant, can be cut and prepared to view leaf bonsai or do flower arrangement foil, decorative environment, can also be used for potted decoration hall.

Chinese evergreen

China evergreen, ancient and modern well-known, green to drop evergreen, orange fruit does not wither in winter, in the folk is regarded as a symbol of good luck, widely cultivated in the north and south. Potted plants in the north can be put indoors for viewing in four seasons. Evergreen is a perennial herbaceous flower of the genus Liliaceae. The underground has a short thick rhizome, the leaves are clustered from the top of the rhizome, banded or oblanceolate, the flowers are short, drawn from the leaves, terminal spikes, white dense florets, globose orange berries, florescence from June to July, it is difficult for pot plants in the north to bear fruit, mainly viewing leaves. Magnolia is native to China and is the only one. Varieties include Phnom Penh evergreen, silver evergreen, flower and leaf evergreen, as well as large leaves, thin leaves and dwarf varieties.

Commonly cultivated are Guangdong evergreen, alias bamboo evergreen, for Araceae perennial herbaceous flowers, from South China, southwest, India to Malaysia, with the same name as evergreen, but different families and genera. Its variants are gold, silver, jade and beauty. Leaf color gold inlaid jade inlaid, gorgeous and brilliant, are today's outstanding indoor ornamental flowers. Evergreen and Guangdong evergreen potted plants require loose, fertile and slightly acidic culture soil rich in humus, high temperature and humidity, not tolerant to severe cold, and no less than 50 ℃ for overwintering. Like shade, avoid strong light directly, there can be sunshine in winter, shade in summer, bogey Rain Water soak. Chinese evergreen is mainly propagated by ramets. Guangdong evergreen is mainly propagated by cuttings, which should be carried out in March or September to October. Guangdong evergreen can also be cut 8 cm long stem segments soaked in water and then planted, or with glassware water to appreciate the leaves and roots for a long time. If you want to make the leaves green, apply a mixture of 0.2% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once or twice in spring and autumn.

Evergreen and Guangdong evergreen should turn the basin and change the soil in early spring every 2023. After changing the basin, put it in a warm, high-humid shade. It should often spray water on the leaf surface and the surrounding environment and keep it moist. Beijing area can be put under the outdoor shade after mid-May and enter the room in early October. Put fresh air and smoke-free pollution.

Evergreen and Guangdong evergreen potted plants require loose, fertile and slightly acidic culture soil rich in humus, high temperature and humidity, not tolerant to severe cold, and no less than 50 ℃ for overwintering. Like shade, avoid strong light directly, there can be sunshine in winter, shade in summer, bogey Rain Water soak.

Chinese evergreen is mainly propagated by ramets. Guangdong evergreen is mainly propagated by cuttings, which should be carried out in March or September to October. Guangdong evergreen can also be cut 8 cm long stem segments soaked in water and then planted, or with glassware water to appreciate the leaves and roots for a long time. If you want to make the leaves green, apply a mixture of 0.2% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once or twice in spring and autumn.

Evergreen and Guangdong evergreen should turn the basin and change the soil in early spring every 2023, and put it in a warm, high-temperature shaded place after changing the basin. They should often spray water on the leaf surface and the surrounding environment and keep it moist. Beijing area can be put under the outdoor shade after mid-May and enter at the beginning of October to put fresh air and smoke-free pollution.

Purple back evergreen

Rhoeo discolor alias: clam orchid, purple evergreen, purple orchid metatarsus family

Aristolochia is native to Mexico and the West Indies.

Is an evergreen perennial herb. The leaves are lanceolate, green on the front, with different shades of stripes, purplish red on the back, and purplish red stripes on the back (see photo). The stems and leaves are slightly juicy. The flowering period is from August to October and it is easy to seed. Floret white, because the flower is born in the purplish red two clam-shaped bracts, its shape is similar to the clam shell to spit beads, so it is also called "clam flower".

Its leaves have different colors on both sides, green and bright changes, moderate plant shape, graceful posture, red bracts contain many jade and white florets, color contrast is obvious, strange and interesting, showing the scene of beads spitting from clam shell, which is very rare and never tired of seeing.

Purple back young people like semi-shady, humid environment, like fertile, loose sandy loam, more resistant to drought, afraid of exposure, afraid of cold, stop growing at 10 ℃, so it is better to overwintering more than 10 ℃.

It has good shade tolerance and strong ability to adapt to dry climate, so it has become a good ornamental leaf for indoor cultivation in the north and south of our country. It can be placed in a bright living room for a long time, such as when the room is dark, it is appropriate to change it once in 20 days or so.

Its propagation is mainly sowing, small seeds can be sowed with picking, seedlings emerge in half a month, and seedlings can be transplanted with a height of 3 to 5 centimeters. It can also be propagated by cuttings in spring and autumn, cut off the leaves at the top, put them in the sand, place them in the shade, do not get too wet, take root in about 20 days, and turn to normal management when new leaves grow. The rest of the old stem can be replanted with new branches.

Zebra Ye Wanyanqing

Zebra leaf evergreen, also known as Wang Dai powder leaf, dumb sugarcane, is a perennial herb of Araceae, with cylindrical stems, fleshy stems and often white rings on the stems, which are traces of leaf backwardness. The evergreen leaves of zebra leaves are long and oval, with irregular white or goose yellow spots and stripes scattered on both sides of the green main leaf veins, which is particularly graceful and elegant, like zebra stripes, so it is known as zebra evergreen.

Zebra leaf evergreen is native to Colombia and likes warm and humid climate. the optimum temperature for growth is 25 ℃ to 30 ℃. In winter, the indoor temperature should be maintained at about 15 ℃ and the lowest 10 ℃. Potted soil can be mixed with 7 parts of rotten leaf soil and 3 parts of loam soil and 1 part of Gaza. Zebra leaves like semi-shady environment, avoid direct sunlight, and can be cultivated indoors all the year round. Resistant to moisture, a water plate can be placed at the bottom of the basin, in which water is released, so that the water can constantly infiltrate the basin soil from the small holes in the basin floor.