How to make the leaves of potted banyan trees shrink to enhance the viewing effect?

The ornamental value of the roots and stems of bonsai fig trees is extremely high, but the leaves are slightly larger, the leaves are about 3 cm wide and 4 cm long, and the average area of each leaf is 12.3 square centimeters, which is about 4 times larger than the average area of Indian fig leaves. According to this proportion, the leaves of Chinese fig trees are large, but they are still very beautiful as big tree bonsai.

Small and medium-sized potted plants can be managed to shrink the leaves of molded potted trees. The main measures to reduce leaves are to pluck leaves, prune, pick cores many times in one year, control water and fertilizer, and accept sufficient sunshine, so as to achieve the effects of branches, dense leaves and small leaves.

After the fig tree is formed by climbing and pruning for a long time, the pot is turned every spring, the basal fertilizer containing less nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the leaves are picked and pruned for 2 to 3 times (the first spring equinox, the second summer solstice and the third autumn equinox), and the water is watered after pruning, and no fertilizer is applied. After pruning long bud stage to sunny days, there is sufficient sunshine as well.

Bud germination, can not spray water on the leaves, keep the pot soil moist can be, leaves shaped, apply 1 time containing phosphorus and potassium thin fertilizer. After leaf picking and pruning, the leaves will generally shrink, the budding branches are dense, and the first two leaves of the branches are the smallest. When the new bud grows to 3 pieces of 1 heart, it is removed, and the leaves left form a circle, and the leaves can be reduced by 1/2~2/3. After the new leaves are more green, they are basically shaped and not easy to expand, forming small leaves with high ornamental value.

How to make the leaves of potted banyan trees shrink to enhance the viewing effect?

How to make the leaves of potted banyan trees shrink to enhance the viewing effect?

The ornamental value of the roots and stems of bonsai fig trees is extremely high, but the leaves are slightly too large. The leaves are about 3 cm wide and 4 cm long, with an average leaf area of 12.3 cm2, about 4 times larger than the average leaf area of 3.5 cm2. According to this proportion, the leaves of Chinese fig trees are large, but they are still very beautiful as big tree bonsai. Small and medium-sized potted plants can be managed to shrink the leaves of molded potted trees. The main measures to reduce leaves are to pluck leaves, prune, pick cores many times in a year, control water and fertilizer, and accept sufficient sunshine, so as to achieve the effects of branches, dense leaves and small leaves.

After the fig tree is formed by climbing and pruning for a long time, the pot is turned every spring, and the basal fertilizer containing less nitrogen fertilizer is applied. After 2 ~ 3 times of leaf picking and pruning (the first time, the second time, and the second autumn equinox), sufficient water is poured after pruning, and no fertilizer is applied. After pruning, it is better to play with sunny days and sufficient sunshine at the bud stage. When the bud sprouts, do not spray water on the leaves, keep the pot soil moist. After the leaves are set, apply a thin fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium once. After leaf picking and pruning,

The leaves will generally shrink, the budding branches are dense, and the first two leaves of the branches are the smallest. When the new buds grow to 3 pieces and 1 heart, they are removed, and the leaves left form a circle, and the leaves can be reduced by 1/2 ~ 2/3. After the new leaves are darker green, they are basically shaped and not easy to expand, forming small leaves with high ornamental value.

The art of pruning bonsai

The art of pruning bonsai

From the modeling point of view, pruning and climbing are to change the bending form of branches and occupy the space position, so as to achieve the purpose of tree modeling. From the conservation management point of view, pruning is to maintain and maintain the established tree landscape. According to the order of modeling, it can be divided into positioning shears, branch shrinking shears, branch thinning shears, etc.

I. Trim time

1, miscellaneous tree bonsai can be pruned all year round; pine and cypress should be pruned in dormant season.

2, plum rain season rain, air humidity, tree growth exuberant, should be less cut, or not heavy cut, a large number of branches and leaves are cut off will affect normal growth, serious cause death.

3, close to the end of autumn can not be re-cut, strong shear, heavy strong shear after the new buds sprout one after another, cold will freeze to death buds. (The best time for heavy shearing and strong shearing is from January to February, when the trees are in dormancy; however, some cold-resistant trees should not be pruned in winter because the wounds are difficult to heal and are easy to leave scars). 4. Generally speaking, trees with strong growth and vigorous growth can be cut more, while those with thin growth can be cut less. From the tree modeling needs, usually to cut off messy cross branches, overlapping branches, parallel branches, whorls, opposite branches, thin branches, sick branches and so on. The nutrients left behind are concentrated and can grow strong.

5. All kinds of taboo pictures

II. Trimming method

The end face of the shearing mouth should avoid the large surface and the tangent angle of the branch for 45 degrees as far as possible, and the leaf bud should stay in the upper direction of the inclined mouth. In the growth period, can stick near the leaf bud pruning, conducive to wound healing. During non-growth period, pruning can be done at the top of leaf bud.

1. Fixed shear

Fixed shear refers to the first pruning of bonsai modeling, which determines to retain branches in different positions and cut off redundant branches. The stumps dug in the mountains, after cultivation and survival, sprout a lot of branches, must cut off most of the branches, retain the backbone branches needed for modeling, this is called positioning scissors. After the positioning shears, the number, position and distance of branches are determined, which directly affects the shape beauty of bonsai trees. Therefore, before pruning, we must carefully conceive and consider the form of tree modeling. The so-called "intention first", at the same time, we must achieve "confidence" before cutting. Because the choice of branches depends on the establishment of tree landscape form. Reserved branches should grow strong, up and down thickness coordination, try to avoid parallel, symmetrical, overlapping, do density, around the trunk up and down left and right spread, with momentum.

2. Shrinkage

Shrinkage pruning is a pruning method to shorten branches, and it is also an important measure for tree modeling and tree landscape maintenance. In terms of modeling, trees are dwarfed by shrinking, branches are plump, thickness is moderate from top to bottom, and bending is variable, so modeling should pay attention to three points:

1) the proportion of thickness transition between sheared branches and upper branches is suitable;

2) Keep the direction and angle of bud eye to adjust the space position of new branch reasonably;

3) The first branch should be longer than the second branch, and the second branch should be longer than the third branch. In terms of tree landscape maintenance, most of the molded leaf bonsai, the annual growth season out of the long branches need to be reduced to maintain the beautiful posture. Coniferous potted plants mainly rely on bud picking and core picking to control long branches and maintain their original appearance. And flower viewing, fruit viewing bonsai shrink cut, according to its different growth habits, take different pruning methods. Such as crape myrtle, pomegranate, begonia, etc. is in the year of new flowering branches, dormant period can shrink shear, growth period should not shrink shear. Early spring flowering spring, plum blossom, peach, etc. should be pruned after flowering, which can promote the formation of flowers and fruit branches in the following year.

Leaf wood bonsai can be cut twice in early summer and early autumn, and strong shear is carried out during dormancy period to remove all kinds of bogey branches. Pyracantha, Chinese holly on the short branches bear fruit more, in addition to dormancy period strong shear, late spring and early summer can also be born on the long branches of the contraction shear, and frequently apply thin fertilizer, increase light, promote its summer and autumn short branches, increase the number of flowers and fruits. The strong shear in dormancy period should keep short branches properly to ensure the next year's flowers and fruits.

4) Fixed shear, reduced shear Figure 3. Thin shear

Thinning is to maintain the tree landscape, and can increase ventilation, lighting capacity, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, nutrient concentration, promote lush branches and leaves, flowers and fruits. The thinning time is different according to the strong shearing and weak shearing. In the growth period, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, so it can be weakly sheared at any time, but it is not suitable for strong shearing. Germination of strong tree species, such as finches, elms, etc., can avoid the plum season, strong shear. After cutting, water should be reduced, thin fertilizer should be applied frequently, and light should be strengthened. Under normal circumstances, the upper part of the tree can be cut more thinly, and the lower part can be cut less thinly, because the lower branches are harder to grow. The thinning objects are mainly all kinds of forbidden branches and over-dense branch crowns. Under the condition that the upper and lower branch crowns are equally important, the upper branch crown should be left as much as possible, so that the volume of the upper branch crown is smaller than that of the lower branch crown. After thinning, crown growth is suppressed, many new branches will sprout, should be cut off in time. Pruning methods also have measures such as bud wiping, core picking and leaf picking: 1) bud wiping: tree species with strong germination power of bonsai sprout more and faster in the growing season, so it is necessary to take pains to wipe out all unnecessary buds in time, including root buds, dry buds and axillary buds. At the same time, attention should be paid to the orientation, position and density of the buds. In order to avoid sprouting branches, opposite branches and overlapping branches, affecting the beauty of the tree. 2) Topping: that is, picking off the tender heads of new shoots during the growth period of trees, inhibiting the growth of new shoots, promoting the growth of lateral branches, shortening branches, and maintaining the beauty of tree shape. The picking time is different because of different germination period of different tree species. Leaf wood bonsai, when the new leaves open 2-4 pieces can be picked. Flower and fruit bonsai, according to different flower and fruit period and flexible master. Topping can stimulate lateral branch growth and increase flowering. 3) Leaf picking: Proper leaf picking can reduce the leaves and improve the ornamental value of bonsai. Some people call this method "stripping for brocade". Generally speaking, the new leaves sprouted by trees in spring are the most attractive. With the passage of seasons, the original leaves are bright and colorful in summer, and gradually become old and autumn. Through leaf picking treatment, fresh new leaves can be issued again, increasing the best viewing effect. Some old piles, iron branches Qiu dry, towering iron bones, and new leaves such as green, green dripping, a vibrant spring. The timing of leaf picking varies with tree species, and leaf trees can be picked in early summer or early autumn. Evergreen trees are not suitable for picking leaves. During the leaf picking period, water should be properly deducted, the basin soil should not be too damp, in addition, the decomposed cake fertilizer water should be frequently applied, and ventilation and illumination should be strengthened to promote the germination of new leaves.

4. Grafting

Grafting of tree bonsai is a modeling method. Grafting can not only obtain excellent bonsai trees, but also speed up the formation of bonsai, and achieve twice the result with half the effort. For example, large-leaf podocarpus grafting larch leaf podocarpus, white flower grafting safflower, can improve the variety, improve the viewing effect. Can also be grafted through the method of filling roots, filling branches, crown change, so that the shape of the tree bonsai more perfect. In the process of tree bonsai modeling, the combination of climbing, pruning and marriage techniques will play a role in icing on the cake. To improve the survival rate of grafting, it is necessary to master the grafting technique. The cambium of scion and rootstock must be aligned and tied tightly. The closer the scion is to the rootstock, the easier it is to survive. Grasp the grafting time, the general temperature in 20-25 degrees is the most appropriate, at this time cambium cells are most active, conducive to grafting survival. Scion should be selected strong growth, no diseases and insect pests, small leaves, strong affinity of excellent mother trees, preferably rich in tissue vegetative branches. Grafting flowering and fruiting tree species such as crabapple and pomegranate, we should select flowering and fruiting branches as scions, which can make grafted plants blossom and bear fruit ahead of time, and bloom more and bear more fruits. Before grafting, tools should be prepared, such as budding knife, cutting knife, hand saw, mallet, pruning shears, as well as the required plastic belt, hemp skin, etc. Grafting should be done as far as possible flat, accurate, fast, strict, tight technical requirements, which can greatly improve the survival rate. Generally used grafting methods are as follows: 1) branch grafting: select annual branches or young shoots as scions, grafted on the rootstock called branch grafting. The commonly used branch grafting methods are split grafting, cut grafting, ventral grafting and abutment grafting. Branching time in early spring trees just budding within half a month for good, choose sunny morning and evening, rainy days should not. The method used can be determined according to specific circumstances. Under normal circumstances, when the rootstock diameter is larger than that of scion or the rootstock is stronger, the method of splitting or cutting can be adopted, such as flowering crabapple, peach, pomegranate, Chinese plum, spring plum, banyan, osmanthus, etc. of flowers and trees, and the method of abdominal grafting can be selected for conifers, because such species must retain branches and leaves in order to survive. And some precious and grafting is not easy to survive tree species, need to use the method of grafting. 2) Branching: When a bonsai lacks branches in its trunk, it can be planted with the branches of the body and the same species outside the body, and the method of connecting is adopted to supplement the branches. The transverse cutting pit is lip shaped and deep to xylem. The length and depth of the cut should be consistent with the grafting cutting surface. Then the selected T-shaped grafted T-shaped joint is cut into a shape consistent with the rootstock cut, and then the Ding 'an branch is leaned against the pit groove of the upper branch, aligned with the cambium layer, and consolidated with a belt. 3) Root filling: Excavate beautifully shaped stumps in the mountains, often due to lack of roots, it seems to be a fly in the ointment. New roots can not be induced due to lack of roots, and can be supplemented by connecting methods. In the tree growing season, select the same kind of sapling, the thickness, size and direction of its root should basically meet the needs of rootstock root deficiency, dig it up, except for retaining the main root, all the other lateral roots are cut off, and some branches and leaves are cut off. The bud point is reserved as far as possible on the surface close to the joint, and after the joint is healed, when the upper end of the seedling close to the joint is cut off, the bud point is maintained as a branch, and after the wound is healed, when the upper end of the seedling close to the joint is cut off, the bud point is maintained as a branch, and the wound is healed. The method of abutment is similar to the method of supplementing branches, such as the triangular maple extracted from the mountains, which is well shaped, but the root plate is not perfect due to lack of roots. The first root of the pile planted, survived the second year, summer, in the absence of roots to open a deep xylem groove. Select a triangle maple whose root size is similar to that of rootstock, cut the contact surface into a shape consistent with the root groove of rootstock after digging up, and then align the two layers. If the root is uneven, cut off the upper branch of contact after the contact surface is healed, or fix the scion at the root supplement of rootstock with iron nails. 4) Bud grafting: Bud grafting is a method of grafting the buds of scions. Bud grafting can improve the crown of trees and can also be used as a remedial measure for branch grafting in the process of tree bonsai modeling. Its advantage is that several scion buds are grafted on the small branches of the rootstock. To survive, according to the density requirements of modeling, and then cut the choice. Some tree species with thicker cortex can be improved by budding. Such as wild peach bud grafting peach. Wild plum bud, plum, rose bud old root flower season, etc. Bud grafting has T-shaped bud grafting, I-shaped bud grafting, embedded bud grafting, bud grafting and other methods. Budding time, the best choice in July-August sap flow exuberant, bark and xylem easy to peel, bud grafting to avoid rainy days, should be carried out in the morning and evening, bud grafting 4-5 days before the rootstock should be loosened, fertilized, watered, promote the sap flow, in order to facilitate peeling. Before grafting, the branches and leaves at budding position need to be cut off for the operation. Rootstock budding parts of the epidermis requirements, smooth and flat, scion buds in addition to ideal varieties, but also full axillary buds, due to bud grafting when the climate is relatively dry, cutting water is easy to evaporate, so take buds, buds as far as possible in one go, take a bud grafting a bud. 5) Root grafting: When digging stumps in the mountains or cutting in pots, ideal root types can often be obtained, and root grafting can be adopted to change crowns. In March, when turning over the basin for transplantation, the roots with good shape are put into water to be cleaned, the velvety roots and redundant lateral roots are cut off, and the crown is replaced by splitting or cutting according to the thickness of the roots. 1-2 year-old branches of the same tree species are taken as scions, 2-3 buds are reserved, after grafting survives, the binding materials are loosened and the roots are gradually exposed, and a new pot of pile scenery is obtained.

5. Carving

In the production of tree bonsai, it is often necessary to use the carving to express a kind of incomplete beauty although dead, that is, the so-called dry stem type, dry tip type (also known as the relic stem, god branch). This kind of incomplete beauty is not dry hollow, wood decay falling off, terminally ill, but after carving, the trunk, branch like clank iron bone, knock sound, rotten as iron, rotten as steel; although made by man, like nature, there is a kind of shocking artistic charm. Bonsai artists in Japan and China Taiwan often use cypress, juniper and five-needle pine to make relics and divine branches, concentrating the landscape of withered and flourishing trees in nature into bonsai that can be touched by hand, showing extremely high artistic attainments. Carved tree xylem should be compact, hard, resistant to decay, not aging peeling, long preservation time.