What should be paid attention to in the culture of Hawthorn tree

Hawthorn tree is a kind of tree with high economic value, so now more and more people breed Hawthorn tree, so what should Hawthorn tree pay attention to to make it grow healthily and healthily?

1. Key points of fertilization for Hawthorn trees

Base fertilizer: it is best to carry out in time after fruit picking in late autumn, which can promote the absorption and accumulation of nutrients and is beneficial to the differentiation of flower buds. The application of base fertilizer is best based on organic fertilizer, combined with a certain amount of chemical fertilizer. The amount of chemical fertilizer is: the nitrogen fertilizer used as base fertilizer generally accounts for about half of the annual application, which is equivalent to the application of 0.25 kg ~ 1.0 kg of urea or 0.7 kg ~ 5.0 kg of ammonium bicarbonate; phosphate fertilizer is mainly used as base fertilizer, accounting for about 80% of the annual application rate, equivalent to 1.0 kg ~ 5.0 kg of calcium superphosphate containing 16% phosphorus pentoxide.

Topdressing at flowering stage: mainly nitrogen fertilizer, which is generally about 25% of the annual application rate, equivalent to 0.1 kg ~ 0.5 kg of urea or 0.3 kg ~ 1.3 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per plant. According to the actual situation, a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can also be applied appropriately. Combined with irrigation, open small ditches to apply.

Topdressing during fruit expansion period: potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer, combined with a certain amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, mainly to promote fruit growth, increase the carbohydrate content of Hawthorn, increase yield and improve quality.

Note: Hawthorn needs less trace element fertilizer, which is mainly provided by organic fertilizer and soil. if more organic fertilizer is applied, trace element fertilizer can be applied less or less, and trace element fertilizer can be applied properly if less organic fertilizer is applied.

2. Key points of pruning Hawthorn trees

During the shaping of Hawthorn young trees, the trunk should be low and the opening angle of backbone branches should be large, so as to make full use of light and heat resources and space, and make rational use of auxiliary branches to maintain moderate and healthy tree potential and good ventilation and light transmission conditions in the crown.

When Hawthorn young trees are too prosperous, there are few flower buds and low fruit setting rate; when the trees are prosperous, there are more flower buds, but poor quality, low fruit setting rate, serious drop of flowers and fruits; only by maintaining the moderate tree potential can we achieve high yield year after year.

The size of Hawthorn tree is not obvious, but if the pruning is too heavy, the vegetative growth is too prosperous, the reserve nutrition is very little, or the number of fruit is too large, the annual fruit phenomenon may also occur.

The vegetative growth of Hawthorn young trees is generally more exuberant than apple and pear trees. If the tree shape is required when pruning, when the pruning is too heavy, it is easy to cause overgrowth, inhibit the formation of flower buds and postpone the fruiting years. During the shaping of young trees, it is often inappropriate to cultivate the fruiting branches by throwing away the long branches. After the long branches are thrown, the phenomenon of self-thinning of the medium and short branches and the outward movement of the fruit parts is very serious because of the low germination rate, the weak transformation ability of the medium and short branches, the baldness of the branches and the excessive density of the long branches, and the poor ventilation and light transmission.

III. Key points of disease and insect pest control of Hawthorn tree

Leaf macular virus disease: the leaves of susceptible plants appear yellow mottled or colored spots, generally yellow. Mottles come in different forms, sometimes with light chlorosis and sometimes with irregular stains or spots. Flowers sometimes appear mottled or marbled. According to the experiment, grafting can infect Camellia macular virus. When the diseased plant is used as the rootstock, the disease is easy to appear on the scion. The method of prevention and control is to avoid using diseased tree scion cuttings and do not use diseased plants as rootstocks.

Spot disease: susceptible leaves initially appear small dots, after a period of time to form round or oval spots, the size of 2 mm-7 mm. The disease spot is dark brown to smoky gray, with a slightly bulging edge. Sometimes there is a dark brown band between the necrotic area and the health department. In the later stage, small black spots grow on the surface of the lesion. The control method is to remove the diseased leaves and spray 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, or 0.15% potassium permanganate solution.

Hawthorn powdery mildew: mainly harms leaves, shoots and fruits. Leaf disease, the diseased part of the cloth white powder, showing a blanket-shaped, that is, conidiophores and conidia, the new shoots were damaged, except for white powder, the growth was thin. The internodes were shortened, the leaves were slender, curled and twisted, and died in severe cases. Prevention and control methods can clean the orchard, clean diseased branches, diseased leaves, diseased fruit, and concentrate on burning. Or use medicine to prevent and cure. Spray 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture before germination, increase the number of spores in the air during flower bud stage, spray 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture, spray 0.3-degree stone-sulfur mixture or 25% trimethoprim 1000-1500 times liquid after falling flower to young fruit stage, depending on the incidence.

Hawthorn tree can not only be used as medicine and edible, but also a typical ornamental fruit tree species. Planting in the courtyard can play a better role in decorating and beautifying the courtyard, so it is a good choice for tree planting.

But also a typical ornamental fruit tree species, planted in the courtyard can play a better role in decorating and beautifying the courtyard, so it is a good choice for tree planting.