Culture methods and matters needing attention of geranium

Geranium, also known as Hydrangea, Hydrangea, is a perennial evergreen herb or subshrub woody flower. Native to southern Africa, it is widely cultivated all over the world. Pelargonium has a long flowering period, strong adaptability to the environment, plant size suitable for family potted plants, easy to reproduce, very popular, is one of the common potted flowers in families, and is also a common flower in flower beds in warm areas in winter. The small flowers of geranium are reunited, and the large inflorescences are shaped like hydrangeas with bright colors. Can be used for interior decoration, can also be arranged in spring flower beds and venues, the following is a detailed introduction to how to raise geraniums:

1. Soil selection of Pelargonium Culture

The pelargonium pot culture soil can be mixed with 4 humus soil, 3 garden soil (or peat soil), 2 river sand (or perlite) and 1 organic fertilizer, or mixed with fine sand soil, humus soil, perlite and organic fertilizer. Potted geraniums need to be turned in autumn.

two。 Fertilization methods for culture of geranium

During the growth period, liquid fertilizer is applied every 10-15 days, while in spring and autumn, liquid fertilizer is applied every 7-10 days; nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer before budding, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer after budding, and the concentration is 0.1%-0.2%. If the room temperature is relatively high in winter and does not stop growing, it should also be fertilized. Fertilization should be stopped when the plant is semi-dormant during the period of high temperature in summer. Because its stems and leaves are pilose, rinse with clean water immediately after fertilization.

3. Watering method of geranium culture

Watering properly would rather be dry than wet. Spring and autumn growth season should meet sufficient moisture, so that the basin soil often keep moist, but not stagnant water; in low temperature cloudy days, generally do not water, do not fertilize; less watering in summer. The high temperature season in the north is in the rainy season, during which the root system of the plant is relatively weak, so too much Rain Water irrigation should be avoided; days of overcast and rain will cause root rot, which should be placed in a place to avoid shade, dryness and ventilation. It can be watered according to the indoor temperature in winter, less watering at low room temperature and more watering at high room temperature. Pelargonium has a strong ability to withstand drought and will not die without watering for a few days, but the old leaves will turn yellow and fall off.

Watering should be dry and wet, and if the basin soil is too wet, it is easy to rot the roots, and if the basin soil is too dry, it is easy to cause the leaves to be withered and yellow, and it is semi-dormant from June to July, so watering should be strictly controlled. In summer, we often spray water to cool down, keep the basin soil moist, and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. Control watering in winter.

4. Temperature requirements for geranium culture

Geraniums like warmth, avoid high temperature, and fear cold. The suitable temperature for the growth of geranium is 1525 ℃, and the indoor temperature should be kept at 10 ℃ in winter. Less than 3 ℃ is susceptible to chilling injury, but some varieties can tolerate the low temperature of 0 ℃. In summer, when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, it enters a semi-dormant state.

5. Light requirements of geranium culture

It grows strongly under direct sunlight, the leaves are dark green, the internodes are short, and the plant shape is beautiful. But when the summer light is too strong, shade should be 30% to 50%. When raising families, they should be placed in places with direct sunlight in autumn, winter and spring, and can be moved indoors to enjoy them when they are in bloom, but they should still be placed in a place with light after flowering. Like sufficient sunshine, lack of light, do not blossom; flowering should avoid direct strong light, otherwise, petals scorched, easy to wither.

Turn the basin once a week to make the leaf surface receive light evenly. Keep the plant shape symmetrical. Keep it in the shade in summer to avoid the hot sun. The room temperature in winter is not less than 5 ℃, and the light is fully visible.

6. Control of diseases and insect pests in geranium culture

The main diseases of geranium are mosaic disease, wrinkle skin disease, chlorosis, gray mold, root rot and bacterial wilt, etc., and the main pests are white mosquitoes, caterpillars, small feather moths, etc.: it is of great significance to control mosaic disease and kill aphids. At the same time, other parasitic plants nearby should be removed: the control of small feather moth can be sprayed with 1000 times of trichlorfon.

7. Matters needing attention in geranium culture

The main results are as follows: (1) in order to control the plant height and achieve the purpose of large and colorful flowers, except for the selection of dwarf geranium varieties, the application of growth regulators is very important. On the same day, the geraniums are planted in 12 cm or 15 cm pots for 2 weeks, and the leaves can be sprayed with 0.15% dwarf or longer, once a week, twice continuously, with light for 14 hours and 18 hours a day, which can effectively control the height of geraniums and provide high quality commercial potted flowers.

(2) it is more resistant to dryness, afraid of moisture, too much water is easy to cause plant death, if high temperature and high humidity, the root is easy to rot. Soil with good drainage, loose and rich in organic matter is required. The flowering period is long, and the full flowering period is from April to June. If the higher temperature is given in winter and properly managed, it can continue to bloom from September in autumn to June of the following year.

8. Propagation methods of geranium culture

Pelargonium is often propagated by sowing and cutting, as well as by tissue culture.

The main results are as follows: (1) sowing and propagation: the single seed of geranium is easy to bear seeds and can be sowed after harvest. If you want to sow seeds when the weather is cool, dry the seeds and store them in a paper bag. Under the condition of 20 ℃, it can germinate in about 7 ~ 10 days. After sub-seedling transplanting, when the seedling grows to 5-7 cm, it is planted in a 10-cm flowerpot and can blossom in the following spring.

Because the plant characters and flowering quality of sowing seedlings are poor, the sowing method is usually not used to propagate.

(2) Cuttage propagation: all the plants can be cut except that the plants are semi-dormant from June to August. But spring and autumn are the best. Cuttings are best taken from the mother plants with consistent flowering, frequent flowering, pure varieties and no diseases and insect pests. The top of the shoot and the tender stem below can be used as cuttings, but the top part is the best, with vigorous growth and fast rooting. After cutting the cuttings, soak them in 100mg / kg indolebutyric acid for 5min for 10 seconds, then dry them for half a day, let them wilt before cutting them in a sand bed or perlite mixed with peat at 1:1, cover them with a small arch shed and shade when the sun is strong. Keep the temperature 15-20 ℃, take root 3 weeks after 2-Mel, and transplant when the root length is 3-4 cm.

(3) tissue culture: in MS medium, 10mg / kg indolebutyric acid and kinetin were added to promote callus and adventitious buds, and 100mg / kg indolebutyric acid or indole acetic acid was used to promote rooting. Tissue culture propagation is mainly used for improved variety breeding and new variety breeding.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of geranium

Geranium belongs to herbs, it does not like much water, like sunlight, it has been green all the year round, spring, summer, autumn and winter have not changed. The culture method of geranium is a bit troublesome. Today let's take a look at the culture method and matters needing attention of geranium.

Culture methods of geraniums

Control temperature

The most suitable temperature for geranium growth is 10 to 20 degrees Celsius, which means it is most suitable for geranium growth in spring and autumn. It is not suitable for winter and summer. It is too cold in winter and too hot in summer.

Control moisture

Because geraniums do not like too much water, we must be careful not to overwater. If the roots of geraniums fester, it may be caused by overwatering and muggy weather. It is recommended that water be watered every three or two days. Be sure to water thoroughly every time you water it.

Select soil

The most suitable soil for geranium is sandy soil. If you are afraid of poor cultivation, you can buy some soil in the flower market and add some sandy soil to it.

Pay attention to the effects of bad weather

Geraniums are most afraid of windy weather, because strong winds will fold geraniums, and we should also pay attention to the weather of heavy rain, because if there are too many Rain Water, the roots of geraniums will be soaked by Rain Water, and being soaked by Rain Water for a long time will lead to root fester.

Controlled fertilization

Do not fertilize too much, or the geranium will become dehydrated. The amount of fertilization is related to the quality of the geranium soil, the size of the geranium pot, and the size of the geranium, so it is recommended to ask the seller the amount and frequency of fertilization when buying flowers. If you fertilize too much, it will cause the geraniums to grow and not blossom.

Plenty of sunshine

If you want the geraniums to blossom, you must have plenty of sunshine, but you should also be careful not to get too hot, because the geraniums cannot be exposed directly, so it is recommended to bask in more sunshine in spring and autumn.

Matters needing attention of geranium

Geranium is easy to breed leaf spot and Fusarium wilt, if the leaf edge is withered and yellow, you should find a professional person to sell geranium to consult, must not dispose of at will.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of geranium

Soil selection of geranium

Pelargonium soil can be mixed with 4 humus soil, 3 garden soil (or peat soil), 2 river sand (or perlite) and 1 organic fertilizer, or mixed with fine sand soil, humus soil, perlite and organic fertilizer. Geranium requires that the soil is more loose and breathable, and the basin can be turned every autumn, or loosen the soil in time.

Fertilization methods of Pelargonium

During the growth period, the geranium was applied liquid fertilizer every 10 to 15 days, while in spring and autumn, liquid fertilizer was applied every 7 to 10 days; nitrogen fertilizer was the main fertilizer before budding, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was the main fertilizer after budding, and the concentration was 0.1% to 0.2%. Put in indoor maintenance in winter, the temperature is higher, basically will not stop growing, can be properly fertilized. With high temperature in summer, the plant is in a semi-dormant state, so fertilization should be stopped. It is best to apply fertilizer in the evening and water it the next morning.

Watering method of geranium

The geraniums should be watered properly and would rather be dry than wet. Spring and autumn growth season should meet sufficient moisture, so that the basin soil often keep moist, but not stagnant water; cloudy or rainy days, generally do not water, do not fertilize. Plants can be properly accepted by Rain Water, but avoid too much Rain Water watering. Otherwise, it is easy to cause root rot.

In winter, according to the indoor temperature, try to use the temperature to irrigate, lest the water temperature is too low, resulting in plant stems and leaves yellowing. For detailed watering techniques, please see how to water the geraniums.

Temperature requirements of geraniums

Geraniums like warmth, avoid high temperature, and fear cold. The suitable growth temperature of geranium is 1525 ℃. In winter, the indoor temperature should be kept at 10 ℃. The geranium is vulnerable to chilling injury below 3 ℃, but some varieties can tolerate the low temperature of 0 ℃. In summer, when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, it enters a semi-dormant state. Try to maintain ventilation to avoid muggy environment, which is not conducive to dormancy.

Lighting requirements of geraniums

Geraniums are not afraid of bright light, but they need shade at noon in summer. The geranium grows strongly in the sun, the leaves are dark green, the internodes are short, and the plant shape is beautiful. Family farming, autumn, winter and spring should be placed in places with direct sunlight, flowering can be moved to indoor to appreciate maintenance, appropriate to receive light, but to avoid direct light, so as not to cause petals scorched.

Matters needing attention in geranium culture

There are different varieties of pelargonium and different plant height. Small plants should be selected for family planting. In addition, growth agents are needed to regulate them. When the plant grows to 12 cm or 15 cm, spray chlorpromazine once a week for 2 consecutive times. Ensure that the light is 14-18 hours a day, which can effectively control the height of the geranium and provide high-quality potted flowers.

Special attention should be paid to watering geraniums, saying that more plants will die, while the roots will rot easily if the temperature and humidity are high. Of course, the flowering time can also be controlled, and the full flowering period is generally from April to June, but if the temperature is raised appropriately in winter, it can blossom all the time from September in autumn to June of the following year.