High-yield cultivation techniques of vegetables, so that the harvest of vegetables will be good.

Wen Xuebing Xu, Deng Wenlong. Agriculture and technology

1 Technical requirements for cultivation of high-yield vegetables

1.1 soil selection

The quality of soil directly affects the growth of vegetables, so it is necessary to choose suitable soil for efficient cultivation of vegetables. The selection of soil should be combined with the growth characteristics of vegetables and the demand for sunlight, wind, water and other factors. It is necessary to improve the fertility of the soil and ensure the efficient production of vegetables.

1.2 Select high quality vegetable varieties

For the high-yield cultivation of vegetables, it is necessary to choose high-quality vegetable varieties, the selection of vegetable varieties should adapt to the climate and soil of the cultivated area, the planting cycle of high-quality vegetable varieties is relatively short, and the resistance to natural disasters, diseases and insect pests is relatively strong. as well as strong market demand and economic benefits.

1.3 cultivate strong seedlings

The cultivation of strong seedlings is conducive to the high-yield cultivation of vegetables. with the improvement of vegetable planting techniques, seedling cultivation promotes the high-yield cultivation of vegetables. However, the process of raising seedlings is complex, which requires not only high technical requirements, but also high technical content. The main technical points of raising seedlings are as follows: before cultivation, it is necessary to do a good job in the treatment of seeds, disinfect and basically deal with seeds by means of trace element soaking and low temperature treatment, and then accelerate the germination of seeds. bed soil and nutrition cup soil should be high in nutrition, and the soil contains a lot of mature organic matter, in addition, the field soil, livestock feces, soil ash and sand should be properly proportioned. Strengthen the humidity and temperature management in the greenhouse to ensure that the seedbed soil is suitable for seed development; during seedling raising, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be used together, and the mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid and zinc sulfate should be sprayed 2 times during the seedling raising period; seedling refinement began 7-10 days before planting.

1.4 Scientific application of fertilizer

In the process of vegetable growth, fertilizers should be applied scientifically. Scientific fertilizer use can promote the growth of vegetables, but if too much fertilizer is used, it will affect the quality of vegetables. In high-yield cultivation, fertilizer should be used scientifically and rationally, and fertilizer should be proportioned and used scientifically according to the growth of vegetables and the degree of soil fertility.

1.5 Plant adjustment

In the process of vegetable growth, the plant should be adjusted in time, and the growth of vegetables should be improved by adjusting the temporal and spatial distribution of stems, leaves and fruits as well as the structure of vegetables. The main contents of plant adjustment include: scaffolding, pruning, heart picking, fruit thinning, leaf beating, vine pressing and so on.

(2) reasonable regulation of irrigation times and irrigation quantity.

Scientific irrigation contributes to the rapid growth of vegetables, especially in modern agricultural production, people pay more and more attention to the importance of irrigation. In the growth of vegetables, the number and times of irrigation should be determined according to the characteristics of the climate. If the climate is relatively dry in that year, the number and times of irrigation can be increased, on the contrary, the number and times of irrigation can be reduced to prevent the death of vegetable seedlings.

(3) the regulation of temperature and humidity on the growth of high quality vegetables

The efficient growth of high-quality vegetables is inseparable from scientific temperature and humidity, so in the process of vegetable growth, it is necessary to control the humidity and temperature of the vegetable environment. Vegetable farmers can monitor the temperature and humidity of the vegetable field according to the size and environment of the vegetable field, and monitor the temperature and humidity of the vegetable field in real time. When the temperature is too high or the humidity is too low, they can spray water to reduce the temperature in the field, improve the soil moisture and promote the growth of vegetables.

4 Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

4.1 Agricultural control

Green vegetable varieties with high quality and strong stress resistance should be selected to establish disease-free and insect-free fields and seed retention areas in the vegetable park to prevent the seedlings of green vegetables from spreading diseases, insect pests and weed seeds. At the same time, growers should establish reasonable farming, rotation and fertilization systems in the process of green vegetable cultivation, strengthen the management of vegetable fields, clean up the vegetable garden regularly, and choose grafting techniques such as eggplant, melon, cucumber and watermelon as far as possible to effectively control the harm of infectious diseases.

4.2 Biological control

In the process of biological control, growers should first choose drugs that are pollution-free and residue-free, and will not cause harm to crops and human bodies, so that the drugs can timely and effectively deal with diseases and insect pests in vegetable fields, and play a good preventive role. Effectively ensure the safe production of green food. Biological control work is mainly aimed at pests and pathogenic bacteria, so more targeted drugs should be selected for prevention and control in practice.

4.3 physical and mechanical prevention

In the process of physical and mechanical control, growers should scientifically control seed selection, chemical agent selection and treatment, soil treatment methods, greenhouse cultivation and treatment methods, disease and pest trapping and killing methods. In the process of hunting and killing pests, high-pressure pump lights are selected, or sweet and sour traps, yellow boards and poison baits are used to ensure that green vegetables will not be disturbed by diseases and insect pests.

4.4 Chemical control

Chemical prevention and control method has the advantages of wide application, quick effect, remarkable control effect and so on. In the process of implementing the chemical prevention and control law, growers should control the dosage of chemical pesticides and remove and disinfect the affected and polluted environmental areas after long-term, continuous and large-scale use of pesticides, so as to prevent crops in the field from being harmed by pesticides.

5 conclusion

In short, scientific cultivation techniques should be strictly observed in high-value green vegetables grown under modern science and technology. Pay attention to high-tech green vegetables. Ensure the safety of vegetable food. Improve the edible value of vegetables in an all-round way.