Seven problems of water quality control in Penaeus vannamei culture

1. Can water disinfection be used at the same time with probiotics?

The "raw water" of aquaculture should be disinfected when entering the pond, the water body should be disinfected when the water body deteriorates, the diseases should be disinfected, and the algae should be disinfected. The purpose of disinfection is to kill pathogens, viruses and harmful insect eggs, and to create conditions for the establishment of high-quality micro-ecological environment in aquaculture water. Bleaching powder had no effect on Erythrobacter-like bacteria and potassium persulfate disinfectant had no effect on the above-mentioned probiotics. It is suggested that the disinfection effect of potassium persulfate disinfectant (Weike) is better when using microecological preparation.

two。 How to fertilize water for a long time and quickly?

The purpose of fertilizer and water in aquaculture is to cultivate algae, and the purpose of algae culture is to use the "three nitrogen" of the water body and the metabolites and residual bait of fish, shrimp and crab to increase the dissolved oxygen content of the water body and optimize the ecological balance of the three-pole cycle (culture organism-aquatic plant-microorganism). In addition to the basic nutrients needed by aquatic plants, an appropriate amount of probiotics will make the growth of aquatic plants faster and more stable. Studies have shown that the addition of a small amount of Bacillus amylolyticus and Bacillus polymyxus, combined with Rhodotorula, can maintain the healthy growth of aquatic plants. The principle is that the superoxide dismutase (SOD), 5-aminolevulinic acid, vitamins and active enzymes metabolized by these bacteria contribute to the photosynthetic growth of algae and the absorption and utilization of decomposition products of lower fatty acids and "miscellaneous proteins". It can stabilize the water ecology for a long time.

3. How to degrade ammonia nitrogen quickly?

Microbial preparations have the function of using ammonia nitrogen to varying degrees, so it is necessary to use strains with strong nitrogen sources in order to degrade ammonia nitrogen rapidly. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amylolyticus, Bacillus polymyxus and Rhodococcus have the function of making good use of ammonia nitrogen. It is recommended to use Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus amylolyticus + Erythrobacter-like bacteria (according to the ratio of 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 2), the dosage is 20.04 kg / mu, and the combination of SOD biological bottom modification or suboriginal digestion bottom change is 2 kg / mu, once every 10 days, the ammonia nitrogen index can be maintained at the safe value for a long time.

4. How to degrade nitrite?

Nitrite produced in aquaculture water is an intermediate product from ammonia to nitrate. Due to the accumulation of too much residual bait and feces in the culture pond, the continuous production of ammonia nitrogen, coupled with the inert nature of nitrifying bacteria and the fastidious metabolic conditions, when the temperature is relatively low, the algae phase is unbalanced or the oxygen supply is insufficient, the slow metabolism of nitrifying bacteria leads to the increase of nitrite accumulation in culture water. Ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and nitrite are all nitrogen sources with different components, which can actually be used by different microflora. In view of the fact that the growth and metabolism of most microorganisms require the biological characteristics of nitrogen sources, the release of different combinations of probiotics is very effective for the degradation of nitrite in aquaculture water. The method of degradation of nitrite is as follows: Bacillus polymyxus 2 kg / mu + polysaccharide lactic acid bacteria 2 kg / mu + fertilizer and water essence 1 kg / mu (nitrite less than 1 mg / L) one-time sprinkling, it can be reduced to a safe value within 2 days, and then subsource sterilization can be used for long-term control, which is suitable for freshwater and mariculture ponds.

If the nitrite in the culture pond is too high, the whole pond should be sprinkled with black soil essence at an interval of 2-4 hours, and its dosage is 500-1000 g / mu. The effective time of this method is relatively long, but the effect is lasting once the nitrite is degraded.

5. How to prevent or control anti-algae?

New algae can be cultivated soon. However, it should be noted that no matter what algae are inverted, they will produce phycotoxins, which can damage the hepatopancreas and intestines of farmed species to varying degrees and cause diseases. The method of prevention is to sprinkle the algae with 100ml / mu of Gaosheng 100A and 500ml / mu of type B once a day for 3 consecutive days. Then sprinkle with Fuyiduo 1kg / mu + stress protection 1kg / mu + red bacteria 2kg / mu (pay attention to increasing oxygen).

6. How to remove the foam oil from the water surface?

Due to the excessive amount of organic matter such as residual bait and feces or the fall of algae, there is a large amount of foam on the surface of the pool water, or the accumulation of yellowish-brown oily matter, resulting in odor and hypoxia of the water quality. Fuyiduo 2kg / mu + Bacillus amylolyticus 2kg / mu and polysaccharide lactic acid bacteria 2kg / mu can be used. After improving, sprinkle Yayuanxiao 2 kg / mu.

7. How to deal with the stress response of aquatic animals?

Modern biological studies have proved that stress response leads to the continuous increase of epinephrine and cortisol in shrimp, which promotes the decomposition of protein, acceleration of fat oxidation and metabolic disorder. The continuous increase of cortisol after stress leads to immunosuppression. When the immune system is balanced, it is difficult to develop the disease when the pathogen is suppressed by healthy immune cells. Once the immune system does not work properly, the pathogen latent in the body can be activated, resulting in disease or acute death. Therefore, stress regulation is the key to protect the immune mechanism. The method is as follows: ① is regularly fed with Gaosheng 100 mixture and sprinkled with biological stress protection of 1 kg / mu + red bacteria protection of 2 kg / mu, which has a good effect on the regulation of stress. ② uses trimethylaminoethanolide for anti-stress, usually sprinkling 250g of Yingzhibao per mu of water (1 meter deep).

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