Is it difficult to choose grape varieties?

First, select varieties according to the cultivated area

1. The requirement of resisting cold.

In China, it is customary to draw a straight line in the direction of northeast and southwest with the junction of Anyang City, Henan Province and Handan City, Hebei Province. The north of this line is the grape buried cold protection area, and the south is the non-buried cold protection area. However, grape freezing injury often occurs in the buried and non-buried transition zone. If growers in this area do not take measures to prevent cold, they should pay attention to selecting cold-resistant varieties. The cold resistance of European and American varieties such as Jufeng line is usually stronger than Eurasian varieties, and early-maturing varieties are usually stronger than late-maturing varieties. Among the common cultivated varieties, the cold resistance of Jufeng, Fujiminori and Moldova is stronger, while that of Crisson and Mei Ren is poor.

2. The requirement of resistance to disease.

There are more Rain Water in summer in most areas south of the Yangtze River in China. If the cultivation is not protected from rain, it is recommended to select Jufeng varieties (such as Jufeng, Jingya, Fujiminori, etc.) or other varieties with high disease resistance (such as Moldova, etc.) to reduce the disease. In central China, the rainfall is concentrated from July to September, so it performs better when selecting early-maturing varieties.

3. The requirement of growth potential.

The varieties with stronger growth potential can be selected in the arid and rainless areas of western China, while the varieties with moderate or weak growth potential can be selected in more areas of Rain Water in the middle and south of China.

4. Requirements for rootstocks under different soil conditions.

The rootstocks commonly used in production have good adaptability, such as S04 has good adaptability, such as calcareous soil, moisture resistance, strong growth, good saline-alkali resistance, resistance to root nodule aphid, root-knot nematode and high resistance to root cancer; Beida has well-developed root system, strong cold resistance, drought resistance, moisture resistance and disease resistance; 5BB is extremely resistant to root nodule aphid, root-knot nematode, drought and calcareous soil.

Second, select varieties according to cultivation methods.

1. To promote early cultivation in protected land.

In the early cultivation in protected areas, early and very early grape varieties with low cold requirement, low light tolerance, easy flower bud formation, high fruit setting rate, good scattered light coloring and short fruit development period should be selected. The excellent varieties that meet the above conditions are Xia Hei Seedless, Victoria, Zaheibao, 87MB 1, Jingmi, Ruidu Xiangyu, Yafu Rosa and so on. The excellent varieties that basically meet the above conditions are Zhana, Xiangfei, Seedless Zijixin, Auguste, Zhengzhou Zaoyu, the Summer Solstice Hong, Hong Shuangwei, 8612 and so on. However, in the large-scale cultivation area of early-maturing varieties, some mid-maturing and early varieties with characteristics, high quality and high yield can be selected appropriately.

2. Delayed cultivation.

In this cultivation model, late-maturing and very late-maturing varieties can be selected, such as Red Earth, Christmas Rose, Autumn Black, Ruby Seedless, Red Italy and so on.

3. Cultivation for shelter from rain. In the rain shelter cultivation mode, because the growth and development environment of grapes has been greatly improved, we can choose some high-quality and high-grade varieties which are not easy to be planted successfully in the open field.

Third, select varieties according to sales targets

1. Variety selection aimed at the rural population.

When facing the rural market, it is suggested that the high yield of varieties should be given priority, while taking into account the characteristics of high quality, easy management and strong disease resistance. early-maturing varieties that meet these conditions are Victoria, Jingya, 8611, pink Yadumi, 87Muth1, Auguste, etc., while mid-maturing varieties are Jufeng, Fujimori, Moldova, Rebier, Richmat, etc., and late-maturing varieties include Christmas rose, ruby seedless, red earth and so on.

2. Variety selection aimed at affluent people and picking sightseeing.

With the goal of supplying rich people, priority should be given to the development of varieties with excellent quality, taking into account high yield and other characters, such as early-maturing varieties such as Xiangfei, Xiahei, Jingmi, etc., and middle-maturing varieties, such as Zuijin Xiang, Giant Rose, Rose, etc., late-maturing and high-quality varieties such as Weike, Italy (yellow), Christmas rose and so on. When taking sightseeing picking as the goal, we should pay attention to the proper selection of varieties with peculiar fruit appearance, such as Beauty finger, Purple Earth, Red Earth, Fujiminori, etc., and consider extending the picking period, in addition to matching varieties with different ripening periods, it is also required that the mid-and late-maturing varieties can keep the trees for as long as possible after ripening. Pay attention to the selection of some varieties with fragrance, such as fragrant concubine, imperial concubine rose, giant rose, drunken gold fragrance, rose fragrance, etc., and Jufeng varieties with strawberry flavor, etc.

4. Select varieties according to the cultivated area

The cultivated area is also an important factor affecting the selection of varieties. The planting area of the medium-maturing variety Jufeng is absolutely dominant in China, and the Red Earth also occupies a large number of markets. Therefore, it is common in China that the price of summer early-maturing grape varieties is high, and the price of mid-ripening grape varieties Jufeng dropped to the lowest point in a year when it was listed, and then began to rise again, and reached a price peak on the eve of National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival. According to the above price law, when the grape is ripe, the early-maturing varieties should clear the net in time and sell in advance, while the late-maturing varieties can be sold slowly in order to obtain the maximum profit. Therefore, when the grape planting area is large, late-maturing varieties or middle-ripening varieties which can be harvested late on the trees should be selected as far as possible. In addition, the storage and transportation performance of varieties should be taken into account to attract middlemen to purchase.

5. Give consideration to the development direction of grape industry

1. High quality.

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, grapes are required not only to have high sugar content, but also to have a certain fragrance, beautiful appearance, neat ear and so on. Based on this situation, in order to obtain high quality fruit, in addition to selecting some excellent varieties recommended above, it is suggested that grape growers should also strengthen management from the point of view of production. including the application of organic fertilizer, yield-limited cultivation, ear trimming, fruit bagging, moisture control during maturity, timely harvest and so on, so as to give better play to the high-quality characteristics of the varieties.

2. Denuclearization.

Seedless is one of the development directions of grape industry in the future. However, at present, the seeds of most seedless grape varieties are relatively small, and the weight of a single fruit is generally 5ml. 6 grams, some because the fruit is too small (such as summer black seedless) must be treated with drugs to achieve the ideal effect, which should be considered when choosing.