Symptoms and treatment of Botrytis cinerea

1. Symptoms of Herba Euphorbiae

Botrytis cinerea harms the leaves and bulbs of Oxalis purpurea. Yellow-brown water-stained disease spots (such as boiling water scald) appear on the leaf edge or corner of the damaged leaves, and constantly expand and sink inward, making the leaves dry; after the bulb is damaged, brown patches appear, and when the temperature and humidity are suitable, the disease spots spread rapidly around. The disease is easy to rot and break from the infection. When the air is moist, there is a dense gray mildew layer on the surface of each site, that is, the conidiophores and conidia of the pathogen. In the later stage of the disease, sclerotia can be seen in some parts of the disease. When the disease is serious, the whole leaf and the whole plant die.

two。 The incidence regularity of Elymus angustifolia

The pathogen of Botrytis cinerea is attached to the remains of the diseased plant by mycelium or conidia and sclerotia, or left in the soil to survive the winter. It is more prevalent in early spring, late autumn or winter under the condition of low temperature and high humidity. The temperature is 18-25 ℃, the relative humidity is above 90%, and the disease can occur within 1-2 days. The development temperature of Botrytis cinerea is 4-32 ℃, which is higher than 32 ℃ and stops growth and reproduction. Botrytis cinerea is also easy to occur in humid summer if it is cloudy for several days in a row. The environment with excessive temperature difference between day and night and poor ventilation is suitable for the growth and reproduction of bacteria. The planting of purple leaf grass is too dense, the pot flowers are too crowded, and the disease is serious during spray watering.

3. Control measures of Oxalis purpurea

① agricultural prevention and control:

Strengthen field management, reasonable close planting to ensure ventilation and light between plants; scientific watering, control watering after the disease, and watering around leaves and bulbs if necessary. The greenhouse should be ventilated and ventilated in time, and the humidity should be reduced to less than 80%, especially when it heats up on a sunny day after continuous overcast. When planting, we should apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply mature organic fertilizer as far as possible, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, so as to keep the plant strong and improve the ability of disease resistance. When it is found that withered flowers and diseased leaves should be removed in time and concentrated for high-temperature heap or deep burial. At the end of the growing season, plant remains should be cleaned up to reduce the number of places where germs live.

Chemical control of ②:

Spray powder in a windless dense plot or closed greenhouse, use 5% chlorothalonil compound powder and 6.5% chlorothalonil, spray once every 9-10 days, use it continuously or alternately with other methods for 2-3 times, and aim at the top of the grass in the evening or during the peak period after overcast and rain. Before the rainy season or in the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim, 50% carbendazim and 70% methyl topiramate can be used for prevention and treatment.

Culture methods and matters needing attention of Elaeagnus angustifolia

Purple leaf sorrel, also known as red leaf sorrel, triangular sorrel, purple leaf mountain this grass, perennial root herbs, flowering from April to November. Name: acid pulp, trefolic acid, triangular acid, sour mother, vinegar mother, acid loop, dodecanoic acid, Finch grass, small sour grass, red sun Shi, porphyrin acid, tricfolic acid. The fruit is a capsule. The fruit will crack automatically when it is ripe and should be picked in time. Flowers and leaves are sensitive to light. Open on sunny days and close at night and when there is not enough light on cloudy days. Like a warm and humid environment. Grow exuberantly in the rich, moist soil, and the leaves are enlarged. More hardy, the winter temperature is not lower than 0 ℃.

The growing environment of Elymus mandshurica in Ziye Mountain

Suitable for loose soil with good drainage, like light, resistant to semi-shade, florescence is as long as 8 months. No disease and insect harm, during the period of high temperature and humidity, the old leaf is easy to suffer from gray mold, but does not affect the new leaf, the extremely purple leaf is easy to control. More hardy, evergreen in winter above-5 ℃, leaves withered in the aboveground part below-5 ℃, but not dead in the underground part, and new leaves can germinate again in March of the following year. There is no obvious dormancy period, and the cultivation management is extensive.

Distribution range of Elaeagnus mandshurica in Ziye Mountain

Native to South America, Brazil and Mexico, it is a rare and excellent ground cover plant with colorful leaves. The propagation method of Elymus angustifolia has been successfully introduced in China.

Propagation is mainly ramet, and it can also be sowed or propagated by tissue culture. Herbs perennial, persistent, bulbous, covered with black-brown scales, globular buds from the scales, agglomerated into clusters, the lower part of the bulb with fusiform tuberous roots, translucent.

Ramet propagation

It can be carried out all the year round, and the ramet from April to May in spring is the best, ramet propagation, that is, the division of bulbs, can be carried out all the year round.

Tissue culture propagation

When dividing the plant, dig up the plant first, break the corm and plant it, or cut the bulb into small pieces, leaving more than 3 bud holes in each small piece, put them into a sand bed for cultivation, grow new plants in about 15 days, and then transplant them after rooting and spreading leaves.

Sowing and reproduction

The reproduction is sown in the pot in spring, and the suitable temperature for germination is 15-18 degrees. It germinated about 15 days after sowing, and the seedlings could blossom for viewing in that year.

The growing period requires that the light should not be too strong, otherwise the color of the leaves is dim. Maintain high air humidity, pay attention to avoid soil contamination of leaves when watering, affecting the ornamental effect. Fertilize once a month. The light orientation of the blade is strong, and the position of the basin needs to be changed frequently. It needs to be replanted and renewed every year.

Maintenance method of sorrel grass

Temperature control of sorrel grass

The maintenance temperature of sorrel requires that sorrel prefer a warm and humid environment, and the most suitable growth temperature is 16-22 ℃. The plants below 10 ℃ stopped growing and the leaves of 0 ℃ withered. However, as long as the underground roots are not frozen, new leaves can still germinate and grow normally in April next year. In winter, the leaves should be kept in normal state and the temperature should be kept above 5 ℃.

Not resistant to high temperature, when the temperature is more than 35 ℃, the leaves curl, grow slowly, and enter the dormancy period. It is necessary to spray water to the leaf surface in time, shade and strengthen ventilation.

Requirements for light illumination of sorrel:

Sorrel needs enough light to grow in full or half-day light.

Spring and autumn season to receive sufficient sunlight, overcast will cause the leaves dull, at the same time petiole thin, plant type scattered. But also to avoid direct strong light, May to September to properly shade, so as to avoid sunburn.

The phototaxis of sorrel is strong, and it should be placed on the balcony and windowsill during maintenance, and the position of the plant should be changed frequently so that it can receive light evenly around it.

Requirements for watering sorrel:

Resistant to drought, but like wet environment. During the growth period, keep the basin soil moist and adhere to the principle of "no dry, no watering, watering thoroughly". In the summer high temperature season, the plant enters the dormant period, at this time should spray water, keep the basin soil slightly wet. When the winter temperature drops below 10 ℃, watering should pay attention to dry rather than wet to prevent corm from rotting. Proper exposure to the rain is conducive to growth and development. However, it should be drained in time, the accumulated rain in the basin soil will cause the leaves to rot and cause the plants to die.

Environmental humidity of sorrel:

Sorrel likes the humid environment, when the growth environment is dry, spray water around in time to improve humidity.

Requirements for fertilization of sorrel:

When putting on the pot, you should apply sufficient base fertilizer. In the growing season, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was applied once a month in order to make the plant grow healthily and ensure that the leaves were thick and shiny. Pay attention to the concentration when fertilizing, too much concentration will burn the corm and affect the growth. Fertilizer application was stopped from July to August. Be careful not to apply a single fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer, which will change the leaves from purple to green and affect the ornamental. Do not splash liquid fertilizer on the leaf surface when fertilizing, it is easy to cause leaf disease.

Pruning method of sorrel grass:

When the plant is too prosperous, the denser leaves should be removed in time to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and promote growth. Of course, in daily maintenance, the withered and yellow leaves should be removed in time to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Flower cultivation is beautiful. When the petiole is too long or the plant type is not beautiful, you can re-cut the leaves to let them grow new leaves.

The method of turning the basin of sorrel grass:

The growth of sorrel is very fast and the pot should be turned every spring. When turning the basin, it is best to change the soil, the first choice is loose, fertile, well-drained medium-acid soil.

Disease and pest control of sorrel:

The common diseases and insect pests of sorrel are leaf spot, gray mold, root rot, red tarantula, aphids, snails and so on. For specific control methods, see another article, common diseases and insect pests and their control.

Common diseases of Oxalis purpurea and its control

Common diseases of Oxalis purpurea

The common diseases of Elaeagnus angustifolia are leaf spot, root rot and gray mold. Let's take a look at the symptoms and control methods of these three major diseases.

Diseases of Oxalis purpurea and its control of leaf spot

This type of disease usually occurs from early May to early September. When Elaeagnus angustifolia is infected with upper leaf spot, the leaf will appear lilac irregular shape disease spot, in the later stage, the disease spot will become yellowish brown and gradually expand, and the leaf will become dry and atrophied. You can choose 1000 times of thiophanate methyl, which is suitable for use in the early stages of the disease. Carbendazim with 500 times liquid can also be used and sprayed alternately. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen field management, remove withered leaves and miscellaneous leaves in time, and fertilize and water reasonably.

Root rot disease

Root rot is easy to occur in high temperature and humid environment. When this kind of disease occurs, the root will atrophy, the plant will grow worse and worse, the leaves will be withered and yellow, and the main root will slowly turn dark brown and rot. Methyl topiramate with 500x liquid can be used at the initial stage of the onset of the disease, and methyl topiramate with 1000 times liquid can be used in the later stage. Usually, we should pay attention to clean the cultivation place, apply fertilizer reasonably and keep the soil moist.

Grey mold disease

Botrytis cinerea is prevalent in early spring or in the environment of low temperature and high humidity. The damaged leaves will begin to appear yellowish-brown water stains, which will slowly dry up the leaves, damage the bulbs, and even lead to the death of the whole plant. The compound powder of carbendazim and chlorothalonil can be selected and sprayed alternately for 2-3 times. Carbendazim with 500-800 times liquid can be used to prevent and cure the disease at the initial stage of the disease. In normal times, it is necessary to ensure that the field management is in place, maintain good ventilation between plants, reasonable close planting, and often water after the disease.