Current situation Analysis and Development trend Forecast of Boer Goat breeding Industry

The analysis of the current situation and the prediction of the development trend of Boer goat breeding industry are of great concern to Boer goat farmers. After interviewing the high farm manager of Boer goat breeding farm in Fenghua animal husbandry in Shandong Province and some domestic sheep experts, the author collates and summarizes their opinions as follows:

Boer goat, referred to as Boer sheep, English name: boer goat, is recognized as the most ideal meat goat breed in the world. It has the advantages of rapid growth, high meat production, more reproduction, strong adaptability, less disease and easy to raise. Facts have proved that the heterosis of Boer goat hybrid generation is obvious, and the meat production rate is 30% and 50% higher than that of ordinary female goats. The average daily gain during lactation is more than 200 grams, and the slaughtering rate is 50%-60%. It is the best male parent for economic hybridization. At present, China has developed and improved to the sixth generation of varieties, and the quality of varieties is close to purebred. At present, the number of purebred Boer goats in China is about 20,000. So Boer goat has such good characteristics, what is the current situation and development trend of Boer goat breeding industry? The author makes an analysis here.

1. The present situation of Boer goat breeding industry.

It has been 8 years since Boer goat was introduced into China in 1995. According to a rough estimate, the number of introduced species from abroad is more than 7000, the number of natural reproduction and embryo transfer in China is about 20000, and the number of Boer goats in China has reached about 30000. Boer sheep were used as male parents to improve local goats and produce more than 10 million improved goats. In just a few years, Boer sheep in China has been crowded into the ranks of big countries in the production of Boer sheep from scratch, from small to many. At present, the improved breed of Boer goat has changed from the type of quantity expansion to the type of quality improvement. The Bohr sheep are going to the table faster and faster. The mutton sheep fever, which sprang up by Boer goats, has become the backbone project of adjusting the industrial structure and increasing farmers' income in many local rural areas.

2. The development trend of Boer goat breeding industry.

A. Breed "high-priced sheep"

Improved variety is a technology-intensive commodity, which is composed of individuals with high-quality and high-yield major genes and excellent production performance. Therefore, the cultivation of good products can only be carried out in enterprises approved by provincial business authorities, which must have certain technical strength, sound infrastructure, feeding management and epidemic prevention standards. In addition, the breeding of improved varieties must be very standardized and strictly identified, not every individual becomes a good variety. Generally speaking, the special and first-class breeder sheep account for only 30% of the total population, while the auctioneer champion sheep is one in a thousand outstanding individuals. The high-quality breeding sheep can make an outstanding contribution to the improvement of local goats. Because animal high-quality and high-yield genes are priceless, improved varieties are the carriers of high-quality and high-yield genes, and its improvement effect is difficult to estimate. Many experts believe that whoever has superior breeding resources will occupy the commanding heights of the development of animal husbandry. In foreign animal husbandry developed countries, the auction price of a breeder cow can be as high as one million US dollars, but it is not uncommon that the auction price of Boer goat excellent breeder sheep exceeds 100000 yuan in our country. This reflects people's gene consciousness, improved seed consciousness, quality consciousness, boutique consciousness, brand consciousness and market consciousness. The high price of improved varieties is one of the important signs of the development of animal husbandry and social progress.

B. Not all local goats are improved by Boer sheep.

Boer goat is a famous meat goat in the world, but most of the local goats in China are ordinary goats with slow growth rate and poor meat quality. On the whole, in order to improve the meat production performance of Chinese goats, it is right to actively advocate using Boer goats to improve local goats to improve meat performance, but the improvement of Boer goats can not be carried out in national goats. We should especially emphasize that China's famous cashmere goats, wool goats and leather goats must not be improved by Boer sheep, especially in the conservation areas of local breeds. For some local varieties with low production level, seed conservation should be done well. Because at present, people's understanding and evaluation of a variety can only stay at the level of understanding at the present stage, which, after all, is limited and may be wrong. Varieties that are not considered good now may become the new darling of the market in a few years' time. Therefore, we can not comprehensively carry out the improvement of Boer sheep in the national goat production. In spite of this, the number of goats that need to be improved with Boer sheep will not be less than 100 million. It can be seen that the improved breeds of Boer sheep will still be in short supply in the future.

C, the improvement effect of Boer goat is remarkable.

There are more than 10 million crossbred and improved offspring of Boer sheep. A large number of experiments and reports have been made in various places about the improvement effect of Boer sheep. It is agreed that the improved production speed is obviously accelerated, the meat body shape is prominent, and the meat production performance is improved. Generally speaking, the smaller the body weight of local goats, the greater the relative weight gain of improved offspring, the smaller the absolute weight gain, and the greater the relative weight gain and absolute weight gain of improved offspring. In a word, the meat production performance of the improved offspring of heavy goats was better than that of the improved offspring of small weight goats. In terms of breeds, the improved offspring of dairy goats are better than other local goat breeds. However, there are different views on the evaluation of meat quality. most people think that meat quality has been improved, while some experiments show that individual meat production test indexes of improved offspring go up and down, such as lighter meat color and thicker muscle fiber. Exactly which statements are right, we need to make a specific analysis, which is related to the specific test animal species, age, nutrition level, sex, sampling site, test methods. It is too early to draw conclusions. But I personally think that, on the whole, the production speed of the improved offspring of Boer goat is accelerated and the meat quality is improved, especially in the fattening stage.

D, the breeding of Boer goats should be based on meat.

In recent years, Boer goat breeding and marketing attach great importance to appearance features, especially ear length and width, head shape and coloring. Of course, this is understandable, because the ear type and head type of Boer sheep are the main genetic characteristics of the breed. However, the market has reached a state of determining the pros and cons of "heroes" in terms of ear shape and head shape, which is somewhat absolute and excessive. As we all know, when we select mutton sheep, we finally have to choose meat performance. How many jin of meat can ears gain? If this breeding method is not effectively corrected, we are bound to repeat the mistake of black and white cow breeding. because we pay too much attention to the appearance of black and white flowers, the selection of milk production performance is relaxed, which makes black and white cow breeding take a lot of changes. If this is the case for a long time, we will lose the "watermelon" and grasp the "sesame" well, and the loss will outweigh the gain. Therefore, China should establish a complete new standard for the breeding of meat goats as soon as possible to guide the breeding and standardize the market.

E. Farmers are the main force of Boer goat breeding.

There are two situations: first, in places where Boer sheep industrialization is earlier, we can continue to use Boer sheep progressive hybridization to improve the first and second generations of local crossbred sheep, produce high-generation improved sheep, and use these sheep to support the improvement of local native goats in some poor areas. used to improve the meat production performance of these sheep. The price of these sheep is usually between 2 and 3, 000 yuan each. If a farmer raises ten such sheep, the annual income can reach 20,000 to 30,000 yuan; second, based on economic hybridization to develop the large-scale mutton industry, raising 25 basic ewes per household where there are conditions, crossing with Boolean sheep, producing about 50 lambs a year and fattening in the short term, the annual income can also be more than 10,000 yuan.

F, Boer goat breeding takes the road of industrialization

The industrialization of Boer sheep can be summarized in eight words, that is, recommended breeding and prevention, sales plus production management. This is the development of Boer sheep industrialization to achieve breeding, recommended base, feeding standardization, epidemic prevention institutionalization, sales network, processing standardization, production scale, management brand.

In a word, the prospect of Boer goat breeding is very promising. Boer sheep is still the best high-quality meat goat breed in the world, and the effect of using Boer sheep to improve goats all over the country is the most remarkable. The mutton sheep industry is the pillar industry of agricultural structure adjustment and farmers' income increase. The author asserts here that Boer goat farming will be very popular in 2010.

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