The key to the benefit of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Culture-- how to reduce the Feed coefficient

The key to the benefit of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco culture-how to reduce the feed coefficient

In the aquaculture consumption, the bait coefficient is one of the main elements of the aquaculture benefit. In the later culture process of sea and sea water products, the consumption of feed accounts for more than 60% of the culture cost. Therefore, the accurate use of feed and its consequences will play an important role in the process of aquatic product culture. Only by giving full play to the utilization rate of feed, lowering the cost of using feed, and obtaining higher yield with lower feed coefficient, can the profit be maximized.

In the aquaculture consumption, the bait coefficient is one of the main elements of the aquaculture benefit. The average proportion of feed cost and aquaculture is 40%, 50%, and the highest is around 65%. Therefore, low feed cost is very important for farmers to achieve better economic benefits. Often some people think that the price of feed is low, the investment is low, and the cost is low, especially in economically underdeveloped areas, but the consequences of feed use are not like this. Please take a look at the above example.

Unit fish output feed cost = feed coefficient × feed price

From this, it can be seen that the feed cost of unit fish production is determined by the feed coefficient and feed price, and there are two choices when choosing feed:

The feed coefficient of A yellow bone fish is higher, but the feed price is lower (for example, the feed coefficient of A company is 1.85 yuan, the ton price is 6000 yuan).

The feed coefficient of B yellow bone fish is low, but the price is higher (for example, B company yellow bone fish feed, feed coefficient 1.45, ton price 7400 yuan).

1. Without considering the influence of other factors, the consequences of its application are as follows:

A feed unit fish weight gain cost = 1.85 × 6 yuan / kg = 11 yuan / kg

B feed unit fish weight gain cost = 1.40 × 7.4 yuan / kg = 10 yuan / kg

That is to say, the cost of B feed is 1 yuan per kilogram of fish produced by A feed, and 1000 yuan per ton of fish is wasted by consumption, so the waste cost of large-scale breeding is considerable.

As can be seen from the above consequences, if the feed with low bait coefficient but high price is selected in captivity, as long as its quality is good, the cost of producing fish is low, and vice versa. Therefore, the accurate application of feed in yellow bone fish culture has an important influence. Only by giving full play to the utilization rate of feed can we reduce the cost of using feed.

Feed coefficient is also called feed coefficient. It refers to the ratio of the amount of feed fed to the total net increase of breeding tools. The smaller the ratio, the less feed is used to add the output of aquatic products. Therefore, the smaller the ratio, the lower the feed coefficient, that is, the lower the feed cost, and strengthen the economic benefits of breeding. So how to lower the feed coefficient in cucumber fish culture?

Improve the culture method and accept the new culture technology

With the improvement of science and technology, new breeding techniques with high yield appear from time to time. For example, in the future mariculture, the purification of water quality itself was added in the aquaculture process, which optimized the aquaculture water body, further contributed to the feed conversion rate, and further reduced the feed coefficient. In addition, in marine fish culture, the acceptance of cage culture techniques, the acceptance of shrimp seedlings into ponds with fertilizer and water in shrimp culture, and the cultivation of delicious plankton for shrimp feeding are all ineffective culture techniques with low bait coefficient and added culture benefits.

Establish the premise of good water conditions

In the future, there is a scene of poor water quality all over the aquaculture waters, such as the purification of pesticides, the purification of industrial wastes, the purification of poisonous gas caused by residual bait erosion in the process of culture, the purification of excessive application of drugs to prevent and cure diseases, and the purification of poisons produced by the synthesis of excreta from breeding tools. As a result, all kinds of toxic and harmless substances in aquaculture water exceed the standard, and aquaculture tools are temporarily in a despicable situation that is bad and even life-threatening. Under the premise of this kind of situation, even if there is an excellent feed with comprehensive nourishment and good palatability, there is relatively no good feed reward, and the feed coefficient must remain high, so that the breeding benefit is low.

Therefore, in aquaculture, we must first establish the premise of excellent water conditions, carry out green ecological aquaculture, and make fair use of disease prevention and control drugs, so that there are no purification, no drug residues and no harmless substances in aquaculture water. Various chemical and biological objectives are in line with the fishery water use standards. Only by carrying out aquaculture under the premise of this kind of excellent water conditions, can it be ineffective and low feed coefficient, strengthen the quality and quantity of products, achieve the goal of consuming green aquatic food, and strengthen the economic benefits of aquaculture.

Dissolved oxygen in water

This is the main factor that affects the food intake of breeding tools and the digestion and absorption rate of feed, as well as the development rate and feed coefficient. When the dissolved oxygen content in the water is low, the appetite of the breeding tools drops and even refuses to eat, even if the feed is eaten, the digestion and absorption rate is low, the development rate slows down, the feed utilization rate is low, and the feed coefficient increases. The feed coefficient of fish at 3.0 mg / L of dissolved oxygen is twice as large as that at 4.0 mg / L. When the dissolved oxygen content of fish in water reached more than 4.5 mg / L, the appetite of fish increased very clearly, and when it reached more than 5 mg / L, the feed coefficient reached the lowest value. This is the basic reason why the running water method or aerator is adopted in high-yield or high-density culture. Therefore, when feeding, we must pay attention to the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water and weather changes. When the dissolved oxygen in the water is low, the air pressure is low, and the weather is muggy and floating, do not bait, wait for the situation to worsen before feeding. It is usually fed when the dissolved oxygen in the water reaches more than 4 mg / L two hours after sunrise. Therefore, in the process of breeding, methods such as injecting new water, conditioning water quality, cleaning up excess silt, using aerator, and monitoring the physical and chemical objectives of water quality should often be adopted. to achieve the goal of abundant dissolved oxygen, low harmless gas content, conducive to digestion and absorption, and low feed coefficient.

The dissolved oxygen content is above 5mg/L, and the fish ingestion is general.

The dissolved oxygen content decreased to 4mg/L, and the fish food intake decreased by 13%.

The dissolved oxygen content dropped to 2mg/L, the food intake of fish decreased by 54%, the development was hindered, and the floating head began to appear.

When the dissolved oxygen content dropped to 1mg/L, the fish and shrimp basically ate nothing and floated to the surface, forming a floating head scene.

When the dissolved oxygen is reduced to 0.5mg/L, the fish and shrimp will be completely infarcted and wiped out in a few hours.

Accept the superstitious and fair stocking craft.

The accurate selection of good feed and the determination of a reasonable stocking density in the stocking process are the main elements in determining the feed coefficient. Therefore, first of all, we have to determine the appropriate stocking density, that is, the optimal stocking quantity, according to the weather conditions, water quality and biological conditions of other places. If the density is too high, it is easy to lack oxygen in the water, and the harmless oxygen sulfide and ammonia nitrogen will be extracted. the breeding tools that survive under this premise will develop in a bad water body, and the bait coefficient must rise; on the contrary, if the density is too thin, the potential of the water body can not be brought into full play, the benefit of output value decreases, and the feed coefficient rises abnormally.

In addition, the stocking specification and quality of breeding tools are the second element to determine the bait coefficient in stocking technology. The overall requirements for the specification and quality of stocking species are: uniform differences, disease-free and injury-free, pure germplasm, robust and vivid. If the quality of the stocking species is good and the body is strong, the appetite is prosperous, the digestion and absorption rate is strong, the energy conversion rate of feed is also high, and the weight gain is rapid, so the feed coefficient will be low.

At present, there are two kinds of feed commonly used in aquaculture consumption: natural and artificial, that is, one is raw grain feed, such as cake, bran, grass planting, etc., and the other is artificial feed after processing. The former category now has a relatively large capacity in the vast mariculture area, especially in the conventional fish culture consumption. The latter group is rapidly expanding the scope of application and usage in aquaculture because of its excellent consequences, low feed coefficient and obvious economic benefits.

Selection of bait types whose quality specifications meet the requirements of culture.

There are 2 ~ 3 grades of bait sold in the market, with crude protein content of 47%, 44% and 42% respectively. In terms of quality, there are consumption dates of more than one year, recent consumption, fresh extraction and suppression, and mildew. This kind of quality difference must affect the wavering and transformation of the feed coefficient in application. Therefore, in the selection and purchase or use, we should strictly control the quality, and pay attention to moistureproof and mildew-proof in storage.

The main influence of Natural Feed on the Development of Culture tools

Applying base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer at the same time, cultivating natural and delicious bait according to different periods is still the main way to make up for the low feed coefficient of modern breeding. This is particularly important in shrimp and crab special aquatic product culture and fish species culture stage. In shrimp and crab culture, most of the seedlings that have just entered the mature stage are tender and small, and the rotifers, Cladocera, copepods and microbenthos in natural plankton are excellent food for them. They are not only nourishing comprehensively, but also easy to eat, and the development of shrimp and crab fry is extremely beneficial. Therefore, the cultivation of these natural bait creatures is a very important and much-needed way. The consumption practice has proved that if abundant natural bait can be obtained during the development period of shrimp and crab, the consumption of man-made feed can be reduced by more than 1 and 3. On the surface of shrimp culture with excellent natural feed, the feed coefficient of artificial feed for shrimp can be reduced to less than 1.0, which has become the main means to achieve excellent economic benefits.

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