Which kinds of microorganisms are needed in aquaculture?

Why use a strain?

1 . Reduce pathogenic microorganisms and undesirable algae; obviously enhance the immunity and disease resistance of cultured objects, and improve the survival rate. Users reflect that aquatic em bacteria can nearly double the survival rate of crab seedlings, the survival rate of Chinese grouper increased from 30% to more than 70%, but also a variety of shrimp disease nemesis.

2 . Zooplankton, beneficial algae increased, especially red worms increased significantly.

3 . Stabilize and improve water quality, clean water, no odor, no hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other odors, visibility in 25-50 cm long and stable, water change time extended by 2 times.

4 . Fish and shrimp dung, scraps, etc. will not become silt and was scattered sand.

5 . Promotes growth and increases weight gain rate obviously. Under the same environment, EM bacteria solution can be marketed 10-15 days ahead of time, the average yield per mu can be increased by more than 20-35%, the egg production can be increased by more than 20%, and the egg laying time can be prolonged.

Let's start with photosynthetic bacteria.

Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) is the earliest bacterial preparation used in aquaculture in China. Photosynthetic bacteria are bacteria that use light for photosynthesis without oxygen production. Many friends see photosynthesis and compare it with chlorophyll photosynthesis. Photosynthetic bacteria do not produce oxygen. Photosynthetic bacteria can use small molecular organic matter as carbon source and hydrogen donor during their own reproduction process, and use dissolved nitrogen in water environment (such as ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, etc.) as nitrogen source to synthesize organic nitrogen compounds. Therefore, they can consume small molecular organic matter, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite in water and purify water quality.

Photosynthetic bacteria break down small molecules, so activation with brown sugar is useless, brown sugar is a large molecule.

Some people encounter high nitrite, with photosynthetic bacteria have an effect, is also this principle.

However, photosynthetic bacteria can not use some macromolecular organic matter in water environment, macromolecular organic matter in water (such as protein, fat, sugar) must be decomposed into small molecular organic matter (such as amino acids, lower fatty acids, small molecular sugar, etc.) by other microorganisms (such as Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, yeast, actinomycetes, sulfur bacteria, etc.) before it can be decomposed and utilized by photosynthetic bacteria. Therefore, other beneficial bacteria should be used in conjunction with the use of photosynthetic bacteria to purify water quality.

We use bacteria daily, it is best to use several kinds together, get twice the result with half the effort.

The process of improving water by photosynthetic bacteria is usually completed under photosynthesis. In general, photosynthetic bacteria have a good improvement effect on the surface water quality (30 - 50cm) with high visible light or light visibility in the water body, but it is difficult to produce good improvement effect on the deeper or deeper water layer with low light visibility and the bottom part of the water body with low light visibility because photosynthesis is difficult or difficult to carry out.

And then spores.

Spores are a large class of bacteria, and we use most of them daily. Bacillus belongs to Gram-positive bacteria, aerobic, can produce spores, is a class of highly active digestive enzymes, high temperature resistance, anti-stress heterotrophic bacteria.

Bacillus can reduce the content of nitrate and nitrite in water, thus improving water quality. Bacillus subtilis also produces a subtilin that inhibits or kills other microorganisms during metabolism, thereby improving water quality.

Spores grow and reproduce in the process of oxygen consumption, this problem is estimated that many people have encountered. So pay attention to oxygenation when using

Bacillus in the finished product is dormant and needs to be activated (adding organic substances such as brown sugar).

Bacillus secretes a large amount of amylase, protease and lipase during reproduction, which can rapidly degrade fish and shrimp residual food and excrement. Under the joint action of other microorganisms in the pool, most of them are further decomposed into water and carbon dioxide, and a small part becomes substances synthesized by new cells, thus purifying water.

Some people encounter nitrite high, said to use spores, also have an effect. The same is true. In the end photosynthetic bacteria, spore bacteria or nitrifying bacteria nitrite reduction is better?

I suggest that prevention is usually needed, and several bacteria are used together.

Next up is nitrifying bacteria.

Nitrobacteria is a kind of chemoautotrophic bacteria, which uses ammonia or nitrite as its main living energy and carbon dioxide as its main carbon source. It consists of nitrobacteria and nitrifying bacteria. Nitrite bacteria complete the conversion of NH4 + to NO2-, while nitrifying bacteria complete the conversion of NO2-to NO3-, thus converting ammonia nitrogen and nitrite toxic to aquatic animals into nitrate that is not toxic to aquatic animals.

Nitrification is an oxidation that is most efficient when dissolved oxygen is sufficient.

A lot of people have tried nitrifying bacteria and found it less effective than expected. Why not? One is dissolved oxygen, nitrifying bacteria need dissolved oxygen; the other is that nitrifying bacteria reproduce very slowly. How slow? I checked. Nitrobacteria take 20 hours to reproduce. So when you have high nitrite, you think of nitrifying bacteria, which is basically useless, nitrifying bacteria are good for prevention. My friends, after they clear the pond, regularly sprinkle nitrifying bacteria from the seedling.

The problem of nitrite exceeding the standard is encountered by many people, prevention is the main, especially in the middle and late stages, with the increase of feed, the increase of feces, the water has not decomposed, it began to break out. Material control is from the source, the use of bacteria is also very critical.

The efficiency of nitrite transformation by photosynthetic bacteria and ammonia nitrogen transformation by Bacillus were low.

Nitrifying bacteria also have a characteristic, it needs to attach, it is different from other bacteria, so some places have developed biological carriers. Nitrite bacteria complete the conversion of NH4 + to NO2-, while nitrifying bacteria complete the conversion of NO2-to NO3-, thus converting ammonia nitrogen and nitrite toxic to aquatic animals into nitrate that is not toxic to aquatic animals.

Too much organic matter, low pH value, low dissolved oxygen (below 2mg/L) and low temperature will inhibit the concentration of nitrifying bacteria in water.

And then yeast.

Yeasts are different from bacteria in that they have true nuclei and belong to single-celled fungi.

Prevention can be, if treatment, very, very much. Yeast can grow in both aerobic and anaerobic environments, i.e. yeast is a facultative anaerobe. In the absence of oxygen, yeast breaks down sugar into alcohol and water. In the presence of oxygen, it breaks down sugar into carbon dioxide and water, and yeast grows faster in the presence of oxygen.

Yeast added to food can adhere to the intestinal tract, stimulate the secretion of amylase and brush edge membrane enzymes in fish and shrimp, thus improving the utilization rate of food by animals.

Yeasts are aerobic bacteria that like to grow in acidic environments and can multiply in large quantities in the digestive tract. Yeast mass reproduction and growth, making it in the survival competition with harmful bacteria to become a dominant population, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria. Good stuff, but you have to use it.

Next up is Vibrio dellodii.

A lot of people listen to bdellovibrio, think it is vibriocidal. Bdellovibrio is a kind of bacteria parasitic on bacteria. It can attach to the cell wall of host bacteria with its own adsorber, and quickly penetrate into host cells, use host nutrients to grow, reproduce, and finally cause host bacteria to lyse.

Bdellovibrio is like a killer, it kills bacteria. Bdellovibrio has selectivity to host, it takes Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Edwardsiella Gram-negative bacteria as host. In fact, harmful bacteria and harmful algae in nature can not be killed, what we want is to let beneficial bacteria and beneficial algae dominate.

Next up is EM.

EM believe that many people use a lot, EM is the English abbreviation of effective microbiota, it is by photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, filamentous bacteria and other five categories of bacteria in more than 80 kinds of beneficial bacteria compound culture.

This is true in theory, but it is estimated that in practice the formulas of different manufacturers are different.

EM bacteria can inhibit pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances, promote the mass reproduction of plankton and increase dissolved oxygen in water, maintain ecological balance of aquaculture water, purify excreta and residual bait in aquaculture pond, improve water quality and bottom quality, and thus reduce diseases.

Next up is lactic acid bacteria.

If you do not mind trouble, often mixed lactic acid bacteria will have a miraculous effect, the formation of intestinal protective layer, prevent pathogenic bacteria, virus invasion, stimulate intestinal secretion of antibodies, improve intestinal immunity, promote gastric secretion, enhance digestive function.

Mixed use of microbial water quality regulators and antibiotics and disinfectants: farmers in the use of microbial water quality regulators to improve water quality at the same time, in the fear of breeding animal diseases, accustomed to the use of antibiotics for prevention, in the water, bait long-term use of one or more antibiotics, in order to kill pathogens, reduce disease, think this two-pronged approach, can be guaranteed. However, antibiotics kill bacteria while also destroying microbial preparations composed of live bacteria.