Several key points of laying hen breeding management in winter

The weather is relatively cold in winter, our laying hen farmers are most concerned about how to raise their own laying hens in winter, and ensure that the egg production does not decline and major diseases do not occur. According to the breeding experience and scientific research results of the majority of farmers, grasp the following points, so that our laying hens can effectively avoid the impact of winter cold season on their health and laying.

1. Feeding and management of laying hens in winter

The optimum temperature of laying hens was 16 ℃-24 ℃, and the best temperature was 20 ℃. When the temperature was lower than 5 ℃, the laying rate decreased, and when it was lower than 0 ℃, the laying rate decreased significantly. If the temperature is too low, the material consumption will increase significantly. Therefore, the feeding and management of laying hens in winter should be based on preventing cold and keeping warm, and comprehensive measures should be taken to improve the laying rate and feeding efficiency of laying hens in winter.

1 control temperature

To solve the contradiction between ventilation and heat preservation is a major problem. In winter, there is a large temperature difference between day and night, so we should pay attention to reasonable control of temperature to minimize the impact on hens due to sudden changes in external temperature. The temperature drops obviously at night, the open chicken house should do a good job of cold protection and heat preservation, close the windows when the temperature is low, and strictly prevent the attack of cold wind. In addition, the temperature difference in winter is large, the air is not ventilated, the air is turbid, and all kinds of microorganisms are easy to grow and reproduce, causing respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases. It should be ventilated and ventilated when the temperature is high at noon to keep the air fresh.

2 moistureproof and dehumidification

Dampness is not conducive to the heat preservation of the chicken house, so we should pay more attention to keep the chicken house dry in winter. The faeces of the caged chicken coop should be removed on duty. The water tap in the house should be closed tightly so as not to wet the chicken and increase the heat emission of the body. Flat chickens can be kept warm by thick cushions, which can be made of chopped wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, sawdust, shavings, rice husks and so on. The thickness of laying should start with 10 cm, then increase gradually, and then be completely removed after the beginning of spring in the second year. The method of diligence and change can also be used. In short, to keep the cushion dry, do not let the chicken lie on the wet mat grass, so as not to increase the heat of the body, the lower abdomen is cold, which can easily lead to the decline of reproductive function and the decrease of egg production. On snowy days, snow should be removed from outside the house and on the playground in time to avoid freezing in the field to facilitate dryness and heat preservation.

3 supplementary lighting

Light can stimulate egg laying. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long, while laying hens require 15-16 hours of light per day. Artificial supplementary light can be adopted to meet their needs. Once the supplementary lighting time is determined, the lights should be turned on and off on time, persevere, and must not be intermittent, so as not to cause stress to the chickens.

4 adjust the diet

The temperature is low in winter, the heat energy consumption of chickens is high, and the feed intake increases correspondingly. In order to meet the needs of chicken consumption and egg production, the crude protein content in the diet should be kept at about 16%, and 2%-3% oil should be added to the feed, which should be determined according to the egg production.

II. Disease prevention and control

The most serious diseases of laying hens are in winter and spring for two reasons: one is that winter and spring are suitable for the survival, reproduction and transmission of most viruses and bacteria. Second, the overall feeding level of laying hens in China is on the soles, the feeding conditions are poor, and the management can not keep up with them, and the contradictions among ventilation, temperature and humidity of henhouses in winter are intensified, which leads to the fact that chickens are often in the harsh environment of hypoxia, low temperature, high humidity, high ammonia and high carbon dioxide. Disease resistance is reduced, so it is easy to develop various diseases. The following is a brief introduction to common diseases: 1 ammonia poisoning

Winter for heat preservation, often make the chicken house in a closed state, in order to reduce the invasion of cold air. The metabolism of chickens is more exuberant. It is easy to make the air of the closed chicken house become turbid and increase the concentration of harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, affecting the health of chickens and prone to respiratory diseases. for example, when breeders enter the chicken house and feel that ammonia is pungent, they must take immediate measures to breathe properly. It is necessary to organically combine cold prevention and heat preservation with ventilation and ventilation to remove harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide stranded in the chicken house in time and replace them with fresh air. In general, when the weather is good, open the upper ventilation window, cold weather can be warmer at noon to open the window for ventilation, sunny days can generally intermittently open the window for several times around noon, each time about 10-30 minutes. 2Respiratory diseases

In recent years, the respiratory diseases of laying hens are more serious, which affect the weight gain and egg production, and even cause the death of some laying hens, affecting the economic benefits of laying hens. The causes of respiratory diseases in laying hens are complicated, mainly caused by environmental factors, feeding management, viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma, with different morbidity and mortality. Clinical symptoms include tears, runny nose, cough, rales, open mouth breathing and dyspnea.

Mycoplasma is the chief culprit of respiratory diseases, and can be secondary to Escherichia coli, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, avian influenza and other diseases. If the secondary infection of these diseases, respiratory symptoms will be more serious, it is difficult to treat thoroughly. In order to reduce the occurrence of respiratory diseases, in the usual feeding process, we must strengthen management, reduce stress, do a good job in chicken immunization and disinfection.

When respiratory diseases occur in chickens, according to the following treatment principles: symptomatic treatment, prevention of secondary infection; relieving cough, resolving phlegm, relieving asthma, releasing lungs, lowering body temperature, strengthening host physique, restoring respiratory epithelial function, preventing the deterioration of the body condition. (3) to do a good job of immunization according to the epidemic situation of local diseases.

According to the epidemic situation of infectious diseases of laying hens in winter, we should focus on the prevention and control of infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease, avian influenza or other infectious diseases.