Calcium is the key point in the cultivation of mixed oranges.

Throughout the citrus planting industry in southern China, the vast and powerful citrus planting industry has brought considerable economic income to the vast number of fruit growers for decades, and many citrus growers have therefore embarked on the road of getting rich. However, quietly changes are taking place. In recent years, large-scale variety improvement and high replacement have been carried out, and most of them do not know the fire. See you in spring. Daya. Aiyuan. Sugar orange. There are even many new large-scale orchards [hundreds of acres] with mixed oranges as the leader, setting off waves of cultivation of mixed oranges, as if a vigorous revolution is underway!

This revolution took place not only in all parts of Sichuan Province. The city. There are Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and even Fujian and Guangdong are eager to try! Perhaps many fruit growers, because mixed mandarin cultivation has brought a lot of economic income, thus ignoring the information related to the quality and cracking of mixed oranges: what is the cause of fruit cracking? Can mixed mandarin fruit cracking be prevented, reduced or eliminated? Is there any relationship between calcium and fruit cracking of mixed oranges? What is the specific role of calcium in mandarin cultivation? What is the inevitable relationship between calcium and mandarin tree preservation and safe overwintering? What is the effect of calcium on improving or increasing the quality and yield of mixed oranges? How to apply calcium reasonably in the process of planting mixed oranges?

Today [friends of mandarins] list and share all aspects of tangerine quality and fruit cracking! After careful examination of the relevant data. After the research report and field performance, it is found that the causes of hybrid orange quality and fruit cracking are caused in many ways, not only by a certain link. In order to solve the problem of mixed orange quality and fruit cracking, it is necessary to consider all aspects of factors. One-sided emphasis on a certain measure or method is often difficult to achieve any obvious effect.

After the rainstorm first cleared up in the evening, fruit cracking was found in the early hours of the morning.

The quality of mixed oranges. High-yield planting management is a system [variety]. Seedling selection, orchard site selection and planning, soil improvement, balanced fertilization, scientific pest control, tree. Flowers. Fruit. Tip management, plastic surgery and pruning, etc.], we can't just rely on a certain measure or method, otherwise the loss outweighs the gain.

This picture shows the cracking fruit caused by the slight sunburn of Eyuan 38 [Eyuan 28, Red Beauty] [August 5, 2017].

1. The fruit cracking of hybrid mandarin is closely related to the varieties and their characteristics. The fruit shape, pericarp thickness and fruit shape index of the variety were related, and the sugar content was closely related to fruit cracking. The flat fruit is easier to crack than the high strong fruit; the pericarp is thinner than the thick pericarp; the fruit shape index is smaller than the fruit shape index; the fruit with high sugar content is easier to crack than the fruit with low sugar content. If the tree is too strong [weak], it is easy to crack fruit, and it is easy to crack fruit when hanging too much [less] fruit, whether it is Aiyuan. I don't know the fire. See you in spring, or Daya. Fertile oranges, or sugar oranges have had varying degrees of fruit cracking, the performance of individual special years is more obvious, fruit growers must pay attention to it. Solution: A. Now that we have carried out variety improvement, we can no longer choose varieties and their characteristics, so there is no need to dwell on this in the process of planting and management. B. According to the characteristics of different varieties, scientific balanced fertilization [without partial application of any large amount of elements] to cultivate the tree potential of the mean.

This picture shows the split fruit of mountain Daya orchard [August 3, 2017].

2. The fruit cracking of mixed mandarin is related to soil and soil water content. In the early stage of crop growth, there is drought and poor ability to absorb water and fertilizer. however, in the period of rapid expansion of the fruit, the water transported by the root system to the fruit increases sharply, and the pulp cells expand rapidly, and at this time, most of the pericarp tends to be aging. Pericarp cells expand slowly due to the limitation of the stratum corneum, and the pulp will burst the peel. As a result of this situation, the cracking fruit is not only on the mixed oranges, but also on the grapes. Peaches. Li. A pear. It is more common; if there is no water in the early stage, it will affect the expansion of young fruit. In the case of continuous rainfall or flood irrigation during the coloring period, a large number of fruit cracking will occur. Solution: A. Soil improvement: increase soil depth and organic matter content [increase soil water and fertilizer conservation capacity] and increase carbon supply; so that the root system of hybrid mandarin is more developed and distributed deeper. Although it can not produce immediate results, soil improvement is imperative and indispensable. B. Drought resistance: young fruits of mixed oranges and expansion period should be irrigated at the right time to resist drought, plan and clean drainage ditches to balance water supply, and avoid drought and waterlogging at first. Drought resistance and waterlogging prevention are effective in real time, and the effect can be seen.

This picture shows the cracking fruit in the mountain fire orchard [August 5, 2017]

3. Fruit cracking of mixed oranges is related to diseases and insect pests. There are studies and field findings that show sunburn. Anthrax. Brown rot. Mite lice. Diseases and insect pests such as red spiders are directly related to fruit cracking, so scientific pest control is needed. Mechanical injuries [scratches, scratches, stab wounds, collisions] are also responsible for the cracking of mixed mandarin fruits. Solution: A. According to the occurrence characteristics and laws of diseases and insect pests of mixed oranges, scientific and standardized prevention of diseases and insect pests should be carried out to reduce the harm probability of diseases and insect pests; once diseases and insect pests are found, timely prevention and control should be taken to minimize the harm of diseases and insect pests. B. When fine thinning fruit, thinning sunburn fruit, disease. Insects harm the fruit, mechanically damage the fruit and close to the ground.

The sun burns the fruit, and it breaks after the heavy rain.

5. Fruit dehiscence of hybrid mandarin is related to element deficiency. The mineral elements and their nutritional balance in the pulp had a significant effect on fruit cracking, and the nutrient imbalance in the tree would aggravate fruit cracking. Phosphorus during fruit growth. Potassium. Calcium. It had the greatest effect on fruit cracking, followed by magnesium, boron, zinc, iron, copper and manganese. When one or more elements are excessive [when P is excessive, the pericarp becomes thin and easy to crack], but when the content of other elements is low, the fruit will be increased (transverse fruit due to lack of B, longitudinal fruit due to lack of Ca, split peel without Mn). In the actual production, the phenomenon of fruit cracking is particularly prominent due to lack of calcium and excess of potassium in the later stage of crop growth. The change of soil moisture in orchard has a great influence on the absorption of calcium in pericarp. Drought and flooding may cause water stress, reduce the absorption of calcium, and then cause fruit cracking [calcium exists between cell membrane and cell wall in the form of pectin calcium, which can enhance cell toughness and hardness]. At present, the problem of soil acidification is becoming more and more obvious, and the resulting lack or imbalance of trace elements is very common, which aggravates the occurrence of fruit cracking.

Professor Luo of Meishan Fruit Industry Chamber of Commerce, sharing relevant technical points!

Next, the Friends of mixed mandarins will focus on the importance and necessity of calcium in the process of planting and management of mixed oranges! A large number of studies and experiments show that the demand for a large number of elements and medium elements in citrus is potassium > nitrogen > calcium > phosphorus > magnesium.

Teacher Zhao Qiang and the fruit growers of Guangji exchanged and shared their experiences together!

Plant nutrition tells us that calcium is a very important medium element in plant growth, which can promote plant cell division, regulate acid-base balance around plants and roots, and promote root growth and root hair formation. Calcium is an important element that can improve plant photosynthesis, coordinate plant absorption of N.K, and promote the formation of dry matter [carbon] in the body. As a result, the demand for calcium in hybrid oranges is quite large, second only to N.K., calcium deficiency not only affects the growth, but also affects the quality and yield of mixed oranges. In a nutshell, the role of calcium in the planting and management of mixed oranges can be summarized as follows:

1. Improve leaf photosynthesis, strengthen tree potential, protect flowers and fruits, and promote fruit expansion.

2. enhance the toughness of citrus peel and reduce fruit cracking.

3. Increase the hardness and smoothness of pericarp and improve the appearance quality.

4. Promote fruit coloring, reduce floating fruit and increase yield.

5. It can obviously prevent and treat the diseases caused by calcium deficiency in crops and delay the senescence of fruits.

Degrees. In the young fruit stage, the use of high calcium can improve the oil brightness of the leaves, stabilize the young fruit and promote the expansion of the fruit.

Color, increase the hardness of the peel and reduce the floating skin.

Director of Dongpo District of Meishan Fruit Industry Chamber of Commerce: president Luo shared the experience of planting technology!

According to the ranking of nutrient elements in citrus, there is a high demand for calcium in the process of citrus growth, and calcium deficiency will seriously affect the growth of citrus plants and the taste of citrus fruits. Hardness and yield, reasonable and real-time calcium supplementation can not only improve plant growth and enhance citrus stress resistance. Drought. Hot。 Diseases and insect pests], improve fruit quality and yield, especially have certain prevention and inhibition effect on fruit cracking, sunburn fruit, floating fruit and frost [especially in the process of keeping trees fresh and safe overwintering], and can prevent the occurrence of physiological diseases [fruit cracking]. The fruit softens. The water is low. Hollow. Flow glue. Umbilical cord rot]. It is well known that the content of calcium in soil is relatively rich, and there is little phenomenon of calcium deficiency. However, in the process of citrus production, it is often found that citrus is deficient in calcium, especially in the preservation of mixed oranges, the reason of calcium deficiency and soil quality. The content of soil organic matter. The type of chemical fertilizer is related to the planting slope!

Technical Director of the Citrus Department of Meishan Fruit Industry Chamber of Commerce: Mr. Zhou shared the key points of management!

Briefly talk about the causes of calcium deficiency in mixed mandarins.

A. The soil is deficient in calcium or impaired absorption. Sandy soil in the south. Small soil [bean noodle soil] and acidic soil

Easy to lack calcium, coupled with the serious loss of calcium caused by the southern Rain Water. In addition, the absorption barrier of calcium

Hindrance: calcium is absorbed only through the root tip, the root hair area does not have the ability to absorb calcium; with the soil partial acid plate

The results show that the content of organic matter is low, the root system of fruit trees has not been renewed for a long time, and the absorption of calcium is more difficult.

It's serious. Calcium application in soil can not effectively prevent the occurrence of physiological diseases caused by calcium deficiency in fruit, so calcium supplement needs to be carried out by the combination of aboveground and underground.

The technical supervisor goes deep into the fields to solve the problems for the members!

B. Obstacles to the transport and distribution of calcium. Calcium is transported in plants with the transpiration of leaves.

The transpiration intensity of fruit is much lower than that of leaves, and the competition for calcium is also much lower than that of leaves.

It even occurs that the calcium in the fruit flows into the leaves (the fruit cracking is more serious during drought), and the tree body

The mobility of calcium in leaves and leaves is so poor that it is difficult to retransport to the fruit, which leads to calcium deficiency in fruit.

Cause a variety of physiological diseases.

President of Meishan Fruit Industry Chamber of Commerce: Zhaozhou shares and looks forward to the present and tomorrow of the Chamber of Commerce!

How do mandarins are scientific? Timely calcium supplement

Due to the poor mobility of calcium in the plant, and less than 3% of the calcium absorbed through the root can reach the fruit.

In fact, it is best to supplement calcium to the fruit directly through leaf spray. Ammonia

Calcium base], of course, the premise is to ensure that there is sufficient calcium in the tree body to prevent calcium deficiency in the tree body and branches and leaves.

After snatching the calcium in the fruit, the phenomenon of "calcium reflux" appeared. The application of water-soluble calcium fertilizer can promote the root.

Tip growth, promote root hair, delay root senescence; at the same time, loosen and improve soil and increase agglomeration

Structure.

The best period of calcium supplement for citrus fruits is in March, June and September of the year, because this is when a large number of new roots come to citrus, when calcium supplementation can get twice the result with half the effort.

1. 3-5 days before flowering: supplement calcium during young fruit formation, promote young fruit cell division, and help to improve

Fruit setting rate, reduce deformed fruit. The combination of prevention and control of diseases and insect pests before flowering can be replenished once on the leaf surface, and B can be supplemented at the same time.

Fat.

2. The development of young fruit. Expansion stage: young fruit cell rapid division stage and rapid expansion stage, calcium supplement

Vegetarian, help to promote the development of young fruit, prevention and control of deformed fruit, serious physiological fruit drop. This period is in advance.

During the most important period of anti-cracking fruit, calcium fertilizer was sprayed on the leaves for 2-3 times, and calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer [sugar] was applied on the ground.

Calcium alkoxide is rich in Mg] 1-2 times, which can effectively reduce fruit cracking. It must be as early as possible to supplement calcium to mixed oranges.

The period of continuous division and formation of pericarp cells will be replenished until the pericarp has been basically formed.

Fill or wait until the fruit has begun to crack, the effect of anti-cracking is not satisfactory.

3. Coloring. Expansion period: application of calcium-containing water-soluble fertilizer + rot in autumn shoot, later stage of fruit expansion and before coloring.

Colonic acid 1-2 times, promote the growth of root hair, foliar spraying calcium fertilizer + seaweed + boron fertilizer, comprehensive supplement

Key nutrients to promote the robust growth of autumn shoots while reducing the late stage caused by calcium reflux

Crack the fruit, prevent the floating skin of the fruit and improve the appearance of the peel.

Meishan Fruit Industry Chamber of Commerce member: general Manager Chai shares his planting experience over the years!

Why is it that when calcium fertilizer is sprayed every year, the fruit is as serious as calcium deficiency?

It is well known that citrus fruit cracking is mainly caused by low peel hardness and water imbalance.

Spraying water-soluble calcium fertilizer on the fruit at the young fruit stage can enhance the pericarp toughness and reduce the fruit cracking in the middle and later stage.

Phenomenon. Sprayed calcium fertilizer, why do you still lack calcium to crack fruit? The author thinks that in addition to timely supplement of calcium

The choice of calcium fertilizer products also has a lot to do with. The most common calcium foliar fertilizer in the market is ammonia.

Calcium carboxylic acid chelate, sugar alcohol chelate calcium, EDTA chelate calcium, etc., and the quality is uneven, absorption

The utilization rate is different, and the effect is very different. [special reminder: apply calcium ammonium nitrate for a long time.

The effect is counterproductive, it is best to rotate different types of calcium products].