Culture methods and pest control of red water lilies

Encyclopedia of red water lotus

Red water lily: is a variety of white water lilies, perennial aquatic herbs; rhizome creeping; leaves papery, suborbicular, 10-25 cm in diam., base with deep curved emarginate, lobes sharp, subparallel or spreading, entire or undulate, leaf margin with shallow triangular teeth, both surfaces glabrous, with dots; young leaves purplish red. When old, the top turns dark green and shiny, the bottom is dark purplish red, and the petiole is up to 50 cm long. The leaves are round or suborbicular, the base is deeply parted, and the young leaves are purplish red. When I was old, it turned dark green and shiny. Flowers large, 30-34 cm in diameter, rose-red.

It is more hardy and can survive the winter safely without protection in the south of the Yangtze River. Like bright light, well-ventilated, shady pond. Distributed in China, India, Caucasus and Europe.

Morphological characteristics of Nelumbo nympha

Red water lily is a perennial aquatic herb; rhizome creeping; leaves papery, suborbicular, 10-25 cm in diameter, with deeply curved base, lobes sharp, subparallel or spreading, entire or undulate, leaf margin shallowly triangular teeth, both surfaces glabrous, punctate; young leaves purplish red. When old, the top turns dark green and shiny, the bottom is dark purplish red, and the petiole is up to 50 cm long.

Flowers large, 30-34 cm in diam., rose-red, fragrant; pedicels slightly as long as petiole; sepals lanceolate, 3-5 cm long, deciduous or rotten after anthesis; petals 20-25, white, ovate-orbicular, 3-5.5 cm long, outer whorl slightly longer than sepals; receptacle Terete; anther apex not extended, pollen grains shrunken, papillate; stigma with 14-20 radiation, flattened.

Berries flattened to hemispherical, 2.5-3 cm long; seeds elliptic, 2-3 cm long. The flowering period is from June to August and the fruiting period is from August to October.

Growth habits of red water lilies

Red water lilies are more hardy, and Jiangnan China can survive the winter safely without protection in winter. Like bright light, well-ventilated, shady pond. Lax requirements for soil quality, pH 6-8, can be normal growth, the most suitable water depth of 25-30 cm, the deepest not more than 80 cm. Like loam rich in organic matter. It germinates long leaves from March to April, blossoms one after another from May to August, and each flower blossoms for 2-5 days. Bear fruit after flowering. The stems and leaves withered from October to November. It sprouted again the following spring. Born in ponds and lakes, there are often cultivated red water lilies in the pools of some parks.

Produced in Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi and Zhejiang, China. Born in a pond. It is distributed in China, Japan, Korea, India, Siberia and Europe.

Breeding methods of red water lilies

Ramet

Water lilies are mainly propagated by ramets. Cold-tolerant species usually split from March to April before germination in early spring, and cold-tolerant species have high requirements for air temperature and water temperature, so they can not be divided until around the middle of May. When ramet, first dig out the rhizome, select the rhizome with full new buds, cut into root segments 8-10 cm long, each section with at least one bud, and then plant. The terminal bud is buried upward in the topsoil, and the depth of the covered soil should be 5-7 segments per pot, and the depth of the covered soil should be level with the soil surface. After planting, a little sun, can be injected into shallow water, in order to maintain the temperature of the water, but irrigation should not be too deep, otherwise it will affect germination. The water level will be deepened when the temperature rises and new buds sprout. Placed in a well-ventilated, sunny place for maintenance, the cultivation water depth is 20-40 cm, the summer water level can be properly deepened, and attention should be paid to keeping the basin water clean in high temperature season.

Sowing seeds

Water lilies can also be sowed and propagated, that is, they are transferred to water after blooming, and before the fruit is ripe, the flowers are wrapped in gauze bags so that the seeds fall into the bag after the fruit is broken. After harvesting, the seeds must still be stored in water, such as dry storage will lose the ability to germinate. Sowing in March-April, the basin soil with fertile clayey loam, the full soil should not be too full, should be 5-6 cm away from the basin mouth, 1 cm after sowing seeds, compacted and immersed in water, the water surface is 3-4 cm higher than the basin soil, and the basin soil is covered with glass. put it in a warm place in the sun to increase the temperature in the basin. The suitable sowing temperature is 25-30 ℃. After about half a month, it can blossom in the second year.

Cultivation mode of red water lily

Cylinder planting

When planting, choose a non-bottom hole flower jar with a height of about 50 cm and a large caliber as far as possible, and a well-mixed nutrient soil is placed in the flowerpot, and the filling depth is controlled at 30-40 cm, which is convenient for water storage. The well-growing vegetative form is buried in the center of the vase, and the depth is slightly exposed to the soil with the terminal bud. Add water but not fill up after planting, 2-3 cm above the soil layer is the best, easy to heat up, in order to ensure the survival rate. The water level increases gradually with the growth of the plant.

Potted plant

Choose non-hole nutrition bowl, 30 cm high, 40 cm caliber, planting method and nutrient soil such as tank load, fill height of about 25 cm, sink into the pool after planting, the water level of the pool should be controlled at just submerged nutrition bowl, and then grow and gradually increase the water level. The advantage of this method is that it is easy to overwinter. it only needs to raise the water level in winter to keep the top bud below the ice to overwinter. the disadvantage is that the management must enter the pool and feel the same slightly.

Pond

Choose a pond with fertile soil. The bottom of the pond has at least 30 centimeters of deep soil. The propagation body can be planted directly into the soil. The water level should be shallow at the beginning and controlled at 2-3 centimeters. It is easy to heat up and gradually increase the water level with growth. According to different regions, the water level in the pool can be deepened before winter, so that the rhizome can survive the winter under the ice. The advantage is that the population effect is good, the growth is large, and the disadvantage is that it is difficult to dig in the next year, and it is not easy to control diseases and insect pests.

Water level

The control of water level is one of the important factors in the normal growth of cold-resistant water lilies. Cold-resistant water lilies have different requirements for water level with different growing periods, so we should pay attention to the control of water level. As the water temperature has a direct effect on the growth and flowering of water lilies, at the initial stage of growth, because the petiole is short and the water level is as shallow as possible, it is appropriate not to let the leaves be exposed to the air, so as to increase the water temperature as soon as possible, promote root growth and improve the survival rate; with the growth of leaves, gradually increase the water level, reach the peak growth period, and reach the maximum value, so that the petiole grows and the leaf increases, which is conducive to the storage of nutrients. In autumn, lower the water level, increase the water temperature, make the leaves get sufficient light and enhance photosynthesis, so as to promote the growth of rhizomes and lateral buds of water lilies and increase the number of vegetative forms in the following year; after the weather turns cool at the end of autumn, the water level gradually deepens and most of the leaves should be kept in order to control vegetative growth. Before the water surface freezes, the water level deepens at one time, according to the historical maximum ice thickness, keep the top bud of water lilies below the ice to survive the winter safely.

Topdressing

The principle of topdressing must be not only beneficial to the growth of water lilies, but also no waste in the water, because the waste of fertilizer will lead to eutrophication and accelerate the growth of algae and aquatic plants, and then pollute the water. The fertilizer can be wrapped with tough and absorbent paper, and a few small holes in the bag can be used to release the fertilizer. Apply it 15-20 cm from the center, with a depth of less than 10 cm. It can also be mixed with wet garden soil or clay and fertilizer in a certain proportion (usually 10: 1 with chemical fertilizer and 4: 1 with organic fertilizer) and clutched into a soil ball (it is appropriate to hold hands without sticking and loosening hands). It is 15-20 cm from the center of the rhizome and radially applied to 10-15 cm below the rhizome. The time of topdressing is generally 15 days before the full flowering stage, and once every 15 days to ensure the amount of flowering, but topdressing should not be too much, too much is easy to increase vegetative growth, the number of leaves increases, affecting the overall effect of flowering. Reasonable topdressing can prolong the florescence of hardy water lilies and increase the number of vegetative forms in the coming year.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of red water lotus

Rot disease

Crop rotation was carried out in seriously diseased fields for 2-3 years. Select disease-free lotus root, and use 50% carbendazim or 20% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 800 times solution plus 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid, sow after spraying, cover plastic film and seal for 24 hours, dry before planting.

Deep ploughing and raking in lotus root fields, lime 1500-2250kg per hectare.

Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, apply enough rotten organic fertilizer, topdressing timely and appropriately, make the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; manage the water layer according to the different growth stages of lotus root, make the depth suitable, adjust the temperature and fertilizer with water, and prevent the disease from aggravating due to high water temperature or long-term deep water irrigation.

Remove the diseased plant in time and spray 50% carbendazim WP 600 times and 75% Chlorothalonil WP 600 times.

Leaf rot

In order to remove the disease and residual plants during harvest, they will be buried deeply or burned centrally, so as to reduce the source of bacteria.

At the initial stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times or 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800 times or 30% basic copper sulfate suspension 500 times were sprayed once every 10 days for 2-3 times.

Anthrax

Collect disease residues and bury them or burn them during the growing season.

Adequate application of mature organic fertilizer, timely and appropriate amount of topdressing, so that the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Remove the diseased plant in time and spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 36% thiophanate methyl suspension, 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 80% anthrax Fumei wettable powder 1500 times, spray once every 10 days or so for 2-3 times.

Small firefly beetle

It is a destructive pest. The adults overwinter in the vegetation near the pond, lay eggs on the leaf surface at the end of spring, and can produce 2-3 generations in a season. At this time, the leaves can be washed with water, so that the adults and pupae fall into the water and are swallowed by fish. Once the larva is damaged, it can be killed by 1200 times the liquid enemy.

Rhopalosiphum gossypii

Damage to many aquatic plants with soft leaves, in summer, damage leaves and flower stems, resulting in changes in flower color. The eggs overwintered on plum plants, especially on plum blossoms and Hawthorn trees, and sparsely on cherry trees. Plum plants should not be planted in large areas near the water, or these host plants should be washed with tar in winter, and water hoses can also be used to rinse leaves and spray insecticides.

Snails

When doing harm, you can mix carbofuran or trichlorfon into sawdust, put it into a cloth bag, tie it to the petiole, float the bag on the surface, fluctuate with the water, spread the liquid, and kill pests. The effect of biological control is very good. Raising 5kg Loach on the surface of 1000m2 can effectively stop the spread and overflow of insect pests.

Aphids

The damaged leaves can be sprayed with 1000-1200 times of dichlorvos or 2000-2500 times of dimethoate EC. The main value of red water lilies

Garden

In the history of Chinese Dutch culture, potted lotus was only used for private courtyard viewing at the beginning of its appearance. The combination of pot and pond culture improves the ornamental value of potted lotus, which often appears in garden waterscape and garden sketches. Sleeping lotus water stone bonsai is a new kind of bonsai. It is an organic combination of sleeping lotus potted plants and water-stone bonsai, which not only reflects the fortitude and upright of the rocks, but also shows the charming charm of the hills.

Medicinal use

According to the analysis of the nutritional components of water lilies, the results show that water lilies are rich in 17 kinds of amino acids, and water lilies protein belongs to high quality protein. The results also show that water lilies are rich in VC, flavonoid glycosides and trace element zinc, which have a strong lead excretion function. Animal acute toxicity test, micronucleus test and sperm aberration test show that water lily is a safe and reliable substance without any side effects. Water lily pollen is rich in nutrition and has the characteristics of completeness, balance and concentration. it is a natural nutrient source with the prospect of development and utilization.

Plant culture

In ancient Greece and Rome, water lilies, like Chinese lotus flowers, were regarded as the embodiment of holiness and beauty, and were often sacrificed to goddesses. In the New Testament, there is also a saying that "holy things come out of the mud without being stained."

Water lilies are born on August 5 every year, the flower words: clean, pure, flirtatious. The water lily in German mind, the flower language is Glamorous. Those who are blessed by this kind of flower are born with an irresistible charm of the opposite sex, but it is difficult to live in peace with friends of the same sex.

In ancient Egyptian mythology, the sun was born by lotus blossoms, so water lilies were regarded as "sacred flowers" and became totems all over ancient Egyptian temples, symbolizing the blessing of "only the beginning, not disillusionment". Plants, flowers, dicotyledons, Ranuncula, Nymphaeaceae

Conservation methods of water lilies | Disease and pest control of water lilies | Management methods of water lilies | Disease and pest control of water lilies | Management methods of water lilies

Maintenance of water lilies-measures for early flowering

In order to make water lilies blossom before June 1, seedlings can be raised by the split method from late March to early April. When the newly divided rhizome is planted in the flowerpot, the planting time should not be later than 50 to 60 days before the required flowering date, and the cultivation substrate should maintain a water layer of 10 to 20 cm high. Under this condition, the growth of water lilies is very rapid. The supply of fertilizer must be adequate. In addition to applying an appropriate amount of base fertilizer at the time of planting, it is best to insert rod-shaped organic fertilizer into the cultivation substrate every 10 days as topdressing during the vigorous growth period. Water lilies are aquatic plants, and the water management after blooming is the same as before flowering. It is best to get fat frequently, otherwise it is easy to have dumb buds. Be careful not to put it in a shady place, because water lilies blossom normally only when there is plenty of sunlight. In addition, we should also pay attention to the temperature of the environment should not be too low, so as not to inhibit plant flowering.

Garden management of water lilies

Water lilies belong to long sunshine plants, the planting place should be well lit and well ventilated. Water lilies in different growth stages also have certain requirements on the water level, potted open-air display, shallow water at the initial stage, full of water in the heyday. The pot was submerged, and the initial water did not pass through the edge of the basin slightly; with the growth of leaves, the water level gradually increased, and the water surface was about 20 to 30 cm away from the basin; in its heyday, the water surface was 30 to 50cm from the edge of the basin. Planting water lilies in the pond, entering the rainy season, the water depth is more than 1 meter, it should be drained in time. In the early growth stage of potted water lilies, the bottom fertilizer is sufficient and there is no need to topdressing. In order to promote flower bud differentiation, quick-acting potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be applied (use absorbent paper, wrap fertilizer, 5 grams in a package, 2 packets in each tank, and several holes can be pierced on the package. Insert it under the rhizome along the basin wall, once a semimonthly, 3 to 4 times in a row). As long as there is a fertile silt layer at the bottom of the pond, there is no need to top fertilizer. Attention should be paid to the removal of weeds, dead leaves and algae in the pond. Too much algae, can spray 0.3% to 0.5% copper sulfate solution, once a month, several times in a row, can play a certain control role. Protected by overwintering, potted plants can be cellar. For cold-tolerant varieties, the cellar temperature is 0 to 5 ℃, and for tropical varieties, the cellar temperature should be kept at 10 to 15 ℃ to avoid freezing damage. When planted in a pond, cold-tolerant varieties can survive the winter under the ice at the bottom of the pool, while tropical varieties can plant balls in a pool in the north and preserve them in a greenhouse of 10 to 15 ℃, using the sand accumulation method until they are warmed and planted the following year.

Main diseases of water lilies

1. Black spot mainly harms leaves at the initial stage, chlorotic yellow spots appear on the leaves, and in the later stage, they are round or irregular, turn brown and have wheel lines, sometimes with yellow-green halos on the edges, and upper black mildew layers, with a diameter of 5 to 15 mm. In severe cases, the disease spot is connected into a piece, and the whole leaf is withered and yellow except for the veins. The disease is caused by fungi, serious occurrence in rainy season, continuous cropping in lotus ponds or pots, and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer or high water temperature in summer, the disease is very serious control methods: strengthen cultivation management, timely removal of diseased leaves. Plants with serious disease should be replanted in new soil without partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. When the disease occurs, 75% chlorothalonil can be sprayed 600 to 800 times for prevention and treatment. 2. the lotus leaves harmed by brown spot appeared round spots 0.5 to 8 mm in diameter, light brown to yellowish brown, and the edges were dark. In the later stage of the disease, there were many black mildew spots on the disease spot. The disease is more serious when it is rainy in autumn. Pathogens often overwintering on the remains: remove the residual leaves and reduce the source of the disease. Serious disease can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 500 times or 80% Dysen zinc 500-800 times to control the reproduction of water lilies. Control of common diseases and insect pests of water lilies

Elaeagnus angustifolia is one of the most valuable flower varieties, which is similar to the lotus in appearance. More common in the park lakeside, of course, there are potted plants raised indoors. How do water lilies reproduce? How to control common diseases and insect pests? Let's learn about it next.

I. breeding methods of water lilies

1. Ramet propagation: water lilies mainly adopt ramet propagation. Cold-tolerant species usually split from March to April before germination in early spring, and cold-tolerant species have high requirements for air temperature and water temperature, so they can not be divided until around the middle of May. When ramet, first dig out the rhizome, select the rhizome with full new buds, cut into 8~10cm-long root segments, each segment with at least one bud, and then plant. The terminal bud is buried upward in the topsoil, and the depth of the covered soil is that the bud eye of the plant is flat with the soil surface, and each pot is planted in 5-7 segments. After planting, a little sun, can be injected into shallow water, in order to maintain the temperature of the water, but irrigation should not be too deep, otherwise it will affect germination. The water level will be deepened when the temperature rises and new buds sprout. Put it in a well-ventilated and sunny place for maintenance, the cultivation water depth is 20~40cm, the summer water level can be properly deepened, and attention should be paid to keeping the basin water clean in high temperature season. In a small number of potted plants, the water lilies that have been planted for 2-5 years can be poured out of the pot, cut into 2-4 pieces, and then planted in the pot.

2. Sowing and propagation: water lilies can also be sowed and propagated, that is, after the flowers bloom, they are transferred into the water. Before the fruit is ripe, the flowers are wrapped in a gauze bag so that the seeds fall into the bag after the fruit is broken. After harvesting, the seeds must still be stored in water, such as dry storage will lose the ability to germinate. Sowing in March-April, the basin soil should not be too full with fertile clayey loam, it is appropriate to leave the basin mouth 5~6cm, sow the seeds and cover the soil 1cm, press and soak into the water, the water surface is higher than the basin soil 3~4cm, cover the basin soil with glass, put it in the sunny warm place, in order to increase the temperature in the basin. The suitable sowing temperature is 25: 30 ℃. After about half a month, it can blossom in the second year.

II. Prevention and control of common diseases and insect pests of water lilies

Anthrax: appropriate fertilization and timely removal of diseased plants. At the same time, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1500 times or 80% anthrax Fumei wettable powder can be sprayed every 10 days or so for 2 times.

B, insect pests and diseases: there are many kinds of causes of insect pests and diseases, so different prevention and control methods should be made according to different kinds of insects.

C. leaf rot: remove the diseased and residual plants during harvest and bury them deeply or burn them centrally in order to reduce the source of bacteria. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times or 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800 times or 30% basic copper sulfate suspension 500 times were sprayed once every 10 days for 2 times.

The above is the introduction of the breeding methods of water lilies and the prevention and control of common diseases of water lilies, we might as well understand, let their own water lilies breed more and bloom more luxuriantly.