Methods of culture and reproduction of African violets

Morphological characteristics of African violets

The whole plant is hairy; leaf base clustered, slightly fleshy, leaf blade rounded or ovoid, abaxially purplish, with long stalks. 1 ~ 6 flowers clustered on dichotomous Cymes with long stalks; flowers have short tubes, Corolla 2 lips, lobes unequal, flowers of various colors, white, purple, lavender or pink. Capsule, seed very small

Growth habits of African violets

Like warmth. Moist and semi-overcast environment. I am afraid of bright light and high temperature in summer. The suitable temperature for growth was 16 ℃, 18 ℃ from April to October, and 12 ℃ from October to April of the following year. The daytime temperature is no more than 30 ℃, and the high temperature is disadvantageous to the growth of African violets. The night temperature in winter is not lower than 10 ℃, otherwise it is easy to suffer frost injury. Relative humidity of 40% to 70% is more appropriate, the basin is too wet, easy to rot roots. The air is dry and the leaves lack luster. African violets need shade in summer, and their leaves are green and green; in winter, they are sunny enough to blossom continuously; rain and snow plus auxiliary light are very beneficial to the growth and flowering of African violets.

Common varieties of African violets

Common varieties are large flowers, single, semidouble, double, variegated leaves, etc., with purple-red, white, blue, pink and double colors. The common cultivated variety is Snow Prince, a single-petal species.

African Violet breeding methods:

Sowing and reproduction

The sowing date will also change according to different varieties. Annual and biennial varieties are usually sown in the open field, usually from August to September; annual varieties should be sown in spring, avoiding hot weather. For the varieties sown in autumn, the seedlings should be placed in a cold greenhouse for the winter, and the varieties sown in spring should be treated with low-temperature spring flowers, which is generally not easy to blossom in the same year.

Leaf cutting propagation

African Violet commonly used cutting propagation method, mainly for leaf cutting, after flowering to select robust leaves, petiole left 2 cm long cut off, slightly dry, inserted into the sand bed, maintain a high air humidity, room temperature 18-24 ℃, rooting 3 weeks after cutting, 2-3 months will produce seedlings, moved into 6 cm pot. In the process of cutting, vitamin ratio treatment was beneficial to the growth of African violets after rooting, and the petiole treated with 25 mg / L kinetin for 24 hours was beneficial to the formation of adventitious buds. It takes 4 to 6 months from cutting to flowering.

Stem cutting propagation

Stem insertion propagation is also a breeding method chosen by the African Violet Society, mainly after the flowers are withered in spring. Combined with turning the basin and changing the soil, the underground tuber can grow quickly, but the plant shape is not good enough, and the growth is not exuberant enough because the plant is not renewed.

Culture method of African Violet

Select the cultivated soil

Violet requires loose, fertile, slightly acidic soil. When potted, we can choose the culture soil which is made up of 6 parts of rotten leaf soil and 4 parts of sand soil, or the culture soil composed of rotten leaf soil, peat soil and sand soil.

The light should be suitable.

Violet likes to be half overcast. If the maintenance site is too shady, there will be less flowering and light color or only long leaves without flowering; if the light is too strong, it will cause the leaves to turn yellow and scorch.

The temperature should be suitable.

The suitable temperature for the growth of violets is 18 ℃ ~ 24 ℃, and the growth is poor when the temperature is more than 27 ℃. Therefore, cooling measures must be taken in summer, and the room temperature in winter should not be lower than 12 ℃.

Watering should be moderate.

After planting, it should be watered thoroughly and placed in a shady place. After 3-4 days, it can be placed in a well-ventilated sunny place. However, watering should not be too much, otherwise it is easy to cause rotten roots. At the same time, be careful not to splash on the leaves, otherwise it is easy to cause the leaves to rot.

Fertilization should be light.

During the period of growth and development, a thin rotten liquid fertilizer or compound chemical fertilizer was applied once every 7 to 10 days. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied too much, otherwise the leaves will grow luxuriantly and blossom very little. Therefore, 1:1:1 is the best ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. If more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied after the emergence of flower buds, the flowers will be large and colorful.

Heart picking and seed collection

When it grows to about 9 leaves, it is necessary to pick the heart and promote the branching. The plant grows to 40 cm and needs to be supported by thin bamboo poles. As a reserved seed, the seeds should be harvested in time before the pods turn yellow and do not crack.

How to breed African violets

The flowers of African violets are purple, or there are many people like them. What is the breeding method of African violets? How do African violets breed?

Culture methods of African violets:

1. The soil must be loose and breathable and have good water permeability. You can use the ratio of saprophyllite to perlite at 1:1, and then add some vermiculite, or you can use the ratio of humus soil to coarse sand at 1:1.

2. Watering should not be frequent, basin soil should not accumulate water, except that it is too cold in winter, it should be moist in other seasons.

3. The method of water provides us with more assurance, because we can see the root growth.

African pansy likes bright light, you can bask in a little bit of sunshine in the morning, a little light is enough!

They are still very easy to take care of, as long as the basin soil does not dry for too long or stagnant water for too long, there will be no problem!

It usually takes 8 months for the seedlings to grow to blossom, while the variegated leaves grow slowly.

Methods of propagation of African violets:

The first kind: hydroponic leaf cutting

First choose a pot of healthy African pansy, choose a few strong leaves, and cut off the leaves from the petiole with a sharp knife or scissors. The length of petiole is about 4 or 5 cm.

Note: do not get the roots or leaves of the plant.

Find a cup or bottle and fill it with water at room temperature (cold boiled water is also fine), insert the leaves in the cup, soak the petiole in the water, and then put the cup in a warm, ventilated place with bright light. Don't soak the leaves too much water! (the most suitable temperature for cultivation is about 20 degrees. Too high temperature affects the success rate)

Note: do not put the culture cup in direct sunlight, it will burn, but in a warm and bright place, after 2 or 4 weeks, you will see a root growing out of the petiole.

After growing roots, you can transplant the leaves into the slightly moist sandy soil, and each leaf with long roots can quickly grow new small leaves (buds)!

The second kind: soil culture leaf insertion

The method of reproduction is to insert the leaves directly into the slightly moist sandy soil. (the length of the petiole should be 4 to 5 centimeters, which will affect the germination rate.) the length of each leaf buried in the soil is 1 centimeter, which is too short and easy to rot. If you bury it for too long, it won't sprout!

Note: the small basin inserted by the leaf had better be small, a little bigger than the leaf, if in the large basin, the moist water retention is more, and the moisture goes slowly, easy to rot the leaf!

Many flower friends have tried this method, but the leaves are always rotten, how to return a responsibility? Is there no root powder?

In fact, the insertion of soil leaves does not need any rooting hormones at all (just a little bit). The most important trick is not to water it, but to use a thin film to support it and make it look like a tent, which can achieve the effect of moisturizing and heat preservation. About 2-4 weeks, the leaves will take root and sprout!

Four weeks later, the basin soil in the slightly moist film began to dry, at this time you can see the petiole director out of a new small leaves, very lovely buds, leaves growing in clusters, full of vitality! At this time, you need to transplant these seedlings into a new flowerpot, remember to transplant together with the soil, the success rate is also very high!

This is the end of the introduction on the breeding and breeding methods of African violets, and we should not hurry up with a few plants in our own home.

African Violet-African Violet Culture method | African Violet Picture African Violet African Violet (scientific name: Saintpaulia ionantha), also known as African pansy, is a perennial herb of the genus Gesneriaceae. Stemless, whole plant hairy. Leaves ovate, petiole stout and fleshy. One or more flowers together, lavender. There are many varieties, such as large flowers, single, semidouble, double, variegated leaves, etc., with purplish red, white, blue, pink and double colors. Culture methods of African violets

1. Soil: the basin soil should be loose and fertile, and the soil rich in humus should be used. It is generally mixed with 5 parts of rotten leaf soil, 3 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of rotten stable fertilizer soil, or 6 parts of rotten leaf soil and 4 parts of Gaza loam. it can also be mixed with rotten leaf soil, peat soil and sandy soil.

2. Watering: watering is very important, low temperature in early spring, watering should not be too much, otherwise stems and leaves are easy to rot and affect flowering. Summer high temperature, dry, should be more watering, and spray water to increase air humidity, otherwise pedicel sagging, florescence shortened. However, when spraying water, the leaves spatter too much water, which will also cause the leaves to rot. In autumn and winter, when the temperature drops, watering should be reduced appropriately.

How to raise African violets

African Violet prefers semi-shade, warm and humid environment, pay attention to ventilation, avoid high temperature and strong light. Spray watering can be used, based on the principle that the surface of the basin soil is not dry and not watered, but it can not be dry thoroughly, otherwise it will affect the growth and flowering. General fertilizers require ternary or multi-component compound fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The growth temperature should not be higher than 28 ℃, generally between 15-25 ℃. The high temperature environment is not conducive to growth. If African violets are cultured due to lack of light, they will grow leaves and do not blossom. For example, if the sun is too strong, the leaves will grow macula.

The role of African violets

The role of African violets: 1. Ornamental value. African violets are short and can blossom all the year round with velvet-thick leaves, handsome and elegant flowers, rich and colorful flowers and high ornamental value. they are excellent ornamental plants indoors.

The role of African violets: 2, decorate the home. African violets are all hybrid cultivation, with many varieties, and there are many kinds of flowers, such as white, pink, red and blue. The plant is short, flowering in four seasons, and is more shade-resistant. It is a good decoration for indoor windowsill, living room, case table and so on.

Disease Control of African Violet

1. African violet root-knot nematode disease

African violet root-knot nematode is a root disease caused by root-knot nematode. The main symptom is that large and small nodules can be formed on fibrous and lateral roots. The root nodes begin to be milky white, turn pale brown in the later stage, and cut open. There are very small milky nematodes in it, which will lead to dwarf and dysplasia of African violets.

Solution: 5% grams of phosphorus can be used as 0.1% of the soil weight, or 0.75 grams of 6 cm flowerpots, or 0.5 grams of 6 cm flowerpots can be used. These two agents can be used during the growing period, but the effect is better before planting. 10% propoxur, 5.6 grams per square meter, with an interval of at least 4 weeks between treatment and planting. In addition, when planting in the nursery, the soil damage level can be evenly applied to the roots of seedlings within 15-20 cm according to the dosage of 2 kg / mu, which can effectively control the occurrence of nematodes.

How do African violets reproduce?

1. African Violet Leaf insertion Propagation

African Violet commonly used cutting propagation method, mainly for leaf cutting, after flowering to select robust leaves, petiole left 2 cm long cut off, slightly dry, inserted into the sand bed, maintain a high air humidity, room temperature 18-24 ℃, rooting 3 weeks after cutting, 2-3 months will produce seedlings, moved into 6 cm pot. In the process of cutting, vitamin ratio treatment was beneficial to the growth of African violets after rooting, and the petiole treated with 25 mg / L kinetin for 24 hours was beneficial to the formation of adventitious buds. It takes 4 to 6 months from cutting to flowering.

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