The role of nitrifying bacteria: free to make fish tank water clear 123456 nitrifying bacteria in aquaculture application details!

Many people have some misunderstandings about nitrifying bacteria. Some people think that nitrifying bacteria can decompose faeces; some think that they can purify water quality and neutralize suspended matter in water. These understandings are inaccurate, or can be said to be wrong. Then let me talk about my understanding of nitrifying bacteria.

1. First of all, let's talk about the decomposition of organic matter. This heavy manual work can not be done by delicate nitrifying bacteria. It is done by other water purification bacteria. In the aquatic ecological circulation system, if there are no other heterotrophic bacteria, the water will be filled with organic matter that has not been decomposed by bacteria. This self-polluting aquarium environment also makes it impossible for fish to survive. Therefore, they are often regarded as the vanguard of self-purification of water quality, and their importance is no less than that of nitrifying bacteria. This kind of bacteria are ubiquitous in a variety of environments, and they are almost ubiquitous, and the reproduction rate is quite astonishing. Most heterogenous water purification bacteria can double in tens of seconds in an ideal environment. It usually takes only more than 20 minutes to double. But if we raise it in a bare tank, we have to suck out the leftover bait or faeces from the water with the help of a physical cycle.

2. The problem of purifying water quality and neutralizing suspended matter in water. Many fish friends go to buy nitrifying bacteria and follow the instructions to add them on time every week. Is that right? The answer is absolutely correct. Add 100 points. But what I want to tell you is that what you are doing is right, but your understanding of nitrifying bacteria is wrong. Because the so-called nitrifying bacteria we buy every week are actually photosynthetic bacteria. Are you fooled? )

Photosynthetic bacteria, commonly known as b bacteria. Photosynthetic bacteria are a kind of microorganisms in water, which are light pink because of their photosynthetic pigments, including bacterial chlorophyll and carotenoids. Photosynthetic bacteria can use hydrogen in compounds and carry out oxygen-free photosynthesis under anaerobic and light conditions.

Photosynthetic bacteria can survive in a polluted environment and play an important role in purifying water quality. However, it will play a role only when the living environment and pollutants accord with their physiological and ecological characteristics, otherwise it is difficult to obtain expectations. For example, in a non-light or aerobic environment, it is difficult for photosynthetic bacteria to work.

If there are photosynthetic bacteria in the aquarium, it absorbs and utilizes those substances such as organic matter or hydrogen sulfide, so that oxygen-consuming heterogenous microorganisms become weak due to lack of nutrition, thus reducing the chance of toxic decomposition products, at the same time, the water quality in the sediment is purified, which promotes the healthy growth of cultured aquarium organisms.

At present, the photosynthetic bacteria sold in the aquarium market are mainly rhodospirilaceae, especially the species of rhodopseudomonas. This kind of photosynthetic bacteria can effectively purify water quality with different metabolic modes under different environmental conditions. It should be noted that photosynthetic bacteria have the best effect in the environment of water quality ph8.2-8.6, so it is more suitable to be used in seawater aquarium. So this photosynthetic bacteria can only have a short-term effect, because we do not have the ideal environment for him to live in the fish tank. Unless we make an oxygen-free filter area with lighting.

Now let's get down to business and talk about nitrifying bacteria that we are both familiar with and unfamiliar with.

1. When it comes to nitrifying bacteria, we are going to have a clich é again. If we want to understand nitrifying bacteria, we must first understand what is called nitrogen cycle.

Step one:

Fish droppings and uneaten foods will be converted into ammonia (commonly known as Amonia); that's because bacteria that need oxygen in these things can split proteins. And ammonia does.

Poisonous.

Step 2:

Nitrifying bacteria that live in oxygen can convert ammonia into nitrite (NO2). Although nitrite contains less toxin, it is still deadly to fish.

Step 3:

Nitrite is then converted to nitrate (NO3) by the second nitrifying bacteria; this nitrate is almost non-toxic, but sudden or long-term exposure to high concentrations of nitrate is harmful. But fortunately, the concentration of nitrate can be reduced by changing the water in the fish tank.

Step 4:

Nitrate and then will be living without oxygen bacteria (anaerobic bacteria) into nitrogen and sublimation, this is a complete "nitrogen compound cycle".

2. What is nitrifying bacteria

Nitrifying bacteria, commonly known as nitrifying, is a kind of aerobic bacteria, which can grow in aerobic water or sand and play an important role in the process of nitrogen cycle water purification. They include a different type of bacilli, cocci, or spirochetes. A group of self-sustaining bacteria that includes two completely different metabolic groups: nitrosomonas and nitrobacter.

Nitrite bacteria are commonly referred to as "ammonium oxidizers" because the only food source they sustain is ammonium, and the chemical energy generated by ammonium and oxidation is sufficient for them to survive. What is ammonium? This needs to be explained. In fact, ammonium is a kind of cation (NH4+) formed by dissolving ammonia (NH3) in water, because it behaves chemically like a metal ion, so it is named "ammonium". The ammonia of the gas has a pungent stench, while the ionized ammonium has no special smell, so it is easy to identify.

In the presence of air, ammonium can be absorbed and utilized by nitrite bacteria. They oxidize their hydrogen atoms into water and replace them with oxygen, so ammonium becomes water and nitrogen oxide dissolved in water, which chemists call "nitrous acid". The reaction formula is as follows:

Oxidizing ammonium to nitrous acid (NO2-) by oxygen can produce energy, which nitrite bacteria can use to produce organic matter from carbon dioxide or alkalinity (such as co32- or hco3-), so these bacteria can survive and reproduce without organic matter at all.

Nitrate bacteria are generally called "oxidizers of nitrite", because the main food source they sustain is nitrous acid, the chemical energy generated by nitrous acid and oxidation is enough to make them survive, and the formation of nitric acid is the end product of the nitrogen cycle. the reaction formula is as follows:

Nitrate bacteria can use the energy produced by this reaction to synthesize the organic matter they need, so this kind of bacteria can survive and multiply without ingesting organic matter.

The reaction in which ammonium is oxidized to nitrous acid by nitrifying bacteria and then oxidized to nitric acid is called "nitrification" by chemists. This reaction is carried out by two different bacteria and must be closely coordinated so that the intermediate no2- of the reaction does not accumulate in the water.

3. How to improve the sufficient amount of nitrifying bacteria?

The toxic substances in the culture pond are mainly ammonia and nitrous acid, which can be consumed by nitrifying bacteria and produce non-toxic nitric acid, which is the best nitrogen fertilizer for algae and can be absorbed and assimilated by algae. Therefore, nitrifying bacteria are absolutely indispensable in the culture pond. if there is a lack of nitrifying bacteria, the content of ammonia in the water will increase rapidly, so that the fish and shrimp in the pond water are at risk of death. Many people usually do not understand the importance of this problem, so that they often encounter the fate of farming failure. This shows that if you do not understand the crux of the problem and seek improvement, even experienced operators may be defeated by the lack of nitrifying bacteria.

From the ecological point of view of the pond water, we can not prevent the production of ammonia, but we can try to increase the number of nitrifying bacteria to consume a large amount of ammonia in the pond water. Because nitrifying bacteria are the nemesis of ammonia consumption, as long as there are enough such bacteria, they will naturally consume the ammonia produced every day, so that ammonia will not be accumulated in large amounts in the water and become an invisible killer of aquaculture.

As for what should we do to increase the number of nitrifying bacteria? From a theoretical point of view, creating an ideal breeding place for nitrifying bacteria is the most fundamental solution. It's hard to say? It turns out that nitrifying bacteria have a tendency to attach to the appearance of fixtures in the process of reproduction. If a number of multi-surface area fixtures can be placed in the pool water for attachment, they can quickly attach to the surface of these fixtures and begin to proliferate.

However, it is usually not feasible to place fixtures in the pond water on the grounds that this approach may hinder the movement of fish and is not conducive to replenishment. A more feasible treatment is to place a "biochemical culture ball" in the filtration system, which is specially designed to provide a breeding place for nitrifying bacteria, which is usually made of black plastic skeletons. a hollow sphere with a diameter of about 3-5 cm, and has a large surface area for nitrifying bacteria to attach. Its principle is to make nitrifying bacteria become "shelled snails", increasing the living space of nitrifying bacteria, so that nitrifying bacteria can be attached to this artificial sphere for nitrification activities, so that the ammonia and nitrous acid in the filtered water are consumed by nitrifying bacteria.

Adding nitrifying bacteria preparation is also another feasible method, especially when the concentration of ammonia in water is found to be on the high side, this method is the most efficient. However, this method is only a temporary cure, not a permanent cure, because after these preparations are activated into living bacteria in water, they are still "shellless snails" and cannot proliferate in the pool water, or even gradually die because of environmental discomfort. Therefore, it must be added regularly to achieve the desired results.

4. How to use biochemical culture balls correctly?

Biochemical culture ball, also known as biochemical filter ball, is a special filter material that removes ammonia by biochemical methods, but it does not rely on the role of the filter material itself to remove ammonia, but through the nitrifying bacteria living on the surface of the filter material to oxidize the ammonia and transform it into non-toxic nitric acid, so as to reduce the accumulation of toxic substances and create a good growth environment for cultured organisms.

Biochemical culture balls have a vast surface area, and the staggered mesh structure can achieve the effect of complete ventilation on the surface, but also because biochemical culture balls are connected to each other if they are connected to each other, it can form a huge activity space in the filtration system for nitrifying bacteria to live and live, and is conducive to the proliferation of nitrifying bacteria.

When this product is in use, it is best to be integrated with the mechanical filtration system, and should not be used alone, that is, a "biochemical culture ball box" can be added behind the filter process of the mechanical filtration system, with built-in biochemical culture ball. only let the filtered water drip down automatically from above, and then through the nitrification in the dripping process to achieve the most perfect biological self-purification.

If the biochemical culture ball is used alone, the desired effect may not be achieved, because if the pond water is directly introduced into the "biochemical culture ball box", it will inevitably carry a lot of organic waste in the water, because they are not popular with nitrifying bacteria. If these organic wastes are attached to biochemical culture balls, it will be difficult for nitrifying bacteria to grow on their surface. Therefore, the correct use method is to filter the organic impurities in the pool water first, and then introduce the filtered water into the tank.

5. The use of nitrifying bacteria preparations

Nitrifying bacteria preparation is a kind of treatment agent used to control the concentration of autogenic ammonia in culture pond water, which is not only convenient to use, but also can play an immediate effect, so it is more and more popular among fishermen. When in use, the agent can be directly dispersed in the pool, and the effect of ammonium removal can be exerted soon.

Nitrifying bacteria preparations sold in the market can be divided into live bacteria and dormant bacteria. Fishermen can choose and use them according to their own needs. The former is made of bacteria in vivo, and their activity can be seen under a microscope. The latter is made of dormant bacteria, and they cannot be seen to be active under a microscope.

The advantage of choosing live bacteria is the rapid removal of ammonium, which is most suitable for emergencies with high ammonia concentration. However, because living bacteria have very strict requirements for oxygen, especially nitrate bacteria can only survive in the presence of sufficient oxygen, it is often difficult to preserve live bacteria and make them into products. therefore, when buying this kind of products, we should pay special attention to its useful life, and if we use expired products, it is inefficient from the point of view of removing ammonium.

The advantage of choosing dormant bacteria is that they can hide for a long time and do not have to worry about failure, but because the activation time required to change from dormant bacteria to living bacteria may take several days, it cannot be used in emergency treatment and is only suitable for daily water quality management. Generally speaking, the preservation period of dormant bacteria is about 1 ~ 2 years, we still need to pay attention to the use period marked by the goods, so as to avoid expiration. In addition, only nitrite bacteria can be made into preparations, so the excess intermediate no2- may be retained and accumulated in the water after use, resulting in a temporary and sudden increase in the concentration of nitrous acid, but it will not have a significant effect on water quality.

6. Matters needing attention of nitrifying bacteria

There are organic pollution sources in the water, and water purification bacteria survive on organic pollution in the water. If there are no pollution sources in the water, they cannot survive for a long time. Therefore, it is worth discussing whether it is effective to add bacteria in the new water stage.

Do not use at the same time with disinfectants and germicides

In order to prevent water purification bacteria from being killed, remember not to use disinfectants at the same time. If fungicides or drugs for treating fish diseases must be used, wait for the drugs to be used for at least a week before using water purification bacteria.

Attention should be paid to adjusting the temperature suitable for bacterial growth.

In the process of using water purification bacteria, it can be effectively controlled under the most suitable water temperature conditions, of course, its effect is also the most ideal. For example, photosynthetic bacteria can grow and reproduce normally in the range of 23-29 ℃, and their growth gradually stagnates when the water temperature is lower than 23 ℃, so it is not effective to use this kind of bacteria in aquariums below 23 ℃.

Attention should be paid to adjusting the ph value suitable for bacterial growth.

In the use of water purification bacteria, attention must be paid to the change of pH ph of water quality. For example, freshwater nitrifying bacteria have the best effect when the ph value is equal to neutral and the worst effect in acidic water quality, so if the water quality in the aquarium can be adjusted to neutral or weakly alkaline, its water purification effect will be better. Photosynthetic bacteria are the most effective in water with a ph of 8.2-8.6, so they are more suitable for use in seawater aquariums.

Pay attention to the compatibility between bacteria

If you want to keep different water purification bacteria at the same time, you should pay attention to the compatibility between bacteria. For example, nitrifying bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria are not suitable to be kept in the same aquarium at the same time, because they inhibit each other in the process of water purification, which may reduce their purification effect.

To provide enough habitable space for bacteria

If bacteria are allowed to live in aquariums alone, they may not be able to meet their reproductive needs, which will severely limit the number of bacteria and prevent them from increasing. Therefore, we should cooperate with the biochemical filtration system to create more living space for bacteria to reproduce, in order to expect them to accelerate the reduction of harmful substances and enhance their decomposition ability.

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