Correct and reasonable methods of fertilizing and watering fish ponds in aquaculture

Conventional fertilizer and water methods have certain advantages and disadvantages. How to fertilize water, how to correctly fertilize water, to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of fertilizing water before putting down seedlings and conventional fertilizer and water.

First, how to fertilize and water before releasing seedlings

1. Nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements) in fertilizers that want to use fertilizer and water should be comprehensive and balanced.

2. Inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) is a quick-acting product, although fertilizer and water is fast, but the duration is short.

Organic fertilizer is a long-term product, although fertilizer and water is slow, but it lasts for a long time. The reasonable combination of the two can achieve a good effect of fertilizer and water that is fast and stable.

3. When using inorganic fertilizer, a small amount of fertilizer should be applied many times each time according to the light condition. The weather is sunny and the sunshine lasts for a long time, on the contrary, it is applied less for many times. It must be noted that after fertilizing in cloudy and rainy days, a large amount of fertilizer sinks into the bottom of the pond, which may make "moss" multiply in large quantities, and fertilizer and water will have the opposite effect instead.

4. If the amount of base fertilizer in the fish pond is sufficient, we must take into account the existing nutrients (such as silt, trace elements, etc.) and the nutritional structure and quantity of the base fertilizer applied in the pond, apply less sediment when there is more sediment, or apply more appropriately in the new pond.

5. When there is less silt at the bottom of the pond, the fertilizer and water effect of microbial preparation (aquatic EM probiotics) is poor, and there is no nutrient to decompose into fertilizer after these bacteria are applied.

6. after releasing seedlings, topdressing fertilizer should be applied a small amount for many times, and urea and other nitrogen fertilizer should be used less and cautiously, otherwise the content of ammonia nitrogen may increase, and microbial probiotics should be used as much as possible to promote the mass reproduction of beneficial bacteria in fish ponds. to decompose pond silt, dead animals and so on as nutrients.

7. when the actual content of nitrogen and phosphorus in water is more than 10: 1, diatoms are easy to multiply; the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is 3:1-7:1, even close to 10: 1; but when the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is close to 1: 1, toxic dinoflagellates and flagellates are easy to reproduce.

8. After fertilizing water, the transparency of water body should be about 30cm. Green water (light green, emerald green, yellowish green or mung bean) is relatively stable than brown water (brown, brown). If you want to cultivate relatively stable water, you should try to adjust the variety and quantity of fertilization and cultivate green water.

Second, the advantages and disadvantages of conventional fertilizer and water method

In general, the routine practice of fertilizer and water is to first clear the ponds and poison ponds, and then enter the water to disinfect the fertilizer water, and the water can basically become fat, but very often, the water will become clear or pour algae or turn algae in a week or at most half a month or so. If you only use products such as chemical fertilizer, the effect of fertilizer and water is relatively fast, but the maintenance time is not long. There may be many farmers using chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, secondary powder (commonly known as "yellow powder"), peanut bran, soybean meal, rice bran plus some chemical fertilizer, market fertilizer and water products and other methods of fertilizer and water, the effect of fertilizer and water is also quite good, but the water is often easy to clear, turn algae and turn algae in about ten days and a half months, which is due to the lack of nutrition (most nitrogen fertilizer is enough but phosphate fertilizer is insufficient). The growth of some species of algae is inhibited, which is just suitable for the growth of other species of algae. There are also people who use live bacterial products such as photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus, nitrifying bacteria and so on, some of which are effective and some of which are not obvious. Why? Living bacteria mainly play the role of decomposition, and gradually decompose, not much nutrients or silt, of course, not enough fertility, fertility is not enough, the water will inevitably change, especially in the new ponds, the early stage of culture, shrimp excreta is very little, there are few nutrients in the pond water, how can the effect of bacteria be maintained for too long? Unless some nutritious substances are added to ordinary live bacteria products.

Usage amount of EM bacteria in aquatic products:

Direct sprinkling water is used to regulate water quality, degrade nitrite, reduce ammonia nitrogen content, reduce PH value, ferment organic fertilizer, improve pool bottom, increase dissolved oxygen, sterilize and disinfect, etc.

Take 10 mu of water surface as an example: after diluting 10 kilograms of aquatic bacterial liquid 50 times with water, you can evenly sprinkle it on the water surface, or when putting bait, you can evenly mix the bacterial liquid and bait according to the above-mentioned ratio and put them together. The use cycle is generally 2-3 times per month. It is usually released in the morning on a sunny day.

Benefits of using aquatic EM bacteria to improve water quality:

1. Reduce pathogenic microorganisms and bad algae; significantly enhance the immunity and disease resistance of cultured objects (such as fish, shrimp, crabs, sea cucumbers, frogs, shellfish), reduce the incidence and improve the survival rate of seedlings.

2. The number of zooplankton and beneficial algae on the surface increased, especially the number of red worms.

3. Stabilize and improve water quality, promote the decomposition of residual bait and other floating organic matter, degrade harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide, increase dissolved oxygen in water, and promote the growth of beneficial plankton in water.

4. Fish and shrimp dung, pond bottom impurities and leftovers will not turn into silt and show loose sand.

5. The growth was promoted, the growth cycle was shortened, and the weight gain rate was significantly increased. In the same environment, after using aquatic product EM solution, it can be listed 10-15 days in advance, the average yield per mu is increased by 20%-35%, the number of eggs is increased by 25%, the spawning time is prolonged, and the hatching rate is good; the bait is not smelly, and the breeding environment is improved.

6. Adjust the ecological environment of culture, increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in water, promote the activation and growth of normal microflora and beneficial algae in the culture system, and maintain the ecological balance of culture water.

Aquatic EM bacteria can not only fertilize the fish and shrimp ponds, but also degrade the content of nitrite in the fish and shrimp ponds.