Skills and matters needing attention in planting peony

Peony is a precious ornamental and medicinal plant, which needs strict cultivation technology conditions. Whether the technical measures from seedling to planting management are scientific and appropriate will directly affect the normal growth and life span of the plant. For this reason, it is necessary to carefully and scientifically manage peony according to its growth and development characteristics and different cultivation uses. The following is a brief description of various management measures focusing on field cultivation.

method/step

Select and fertilize the land.

Because peony should be cold and afraid of heat, like high dryness and hate low humidity, afraid of strong wind and cool day, so the land for planting peony should choose sandy loam with loose soil, deep soil layer, high sun and good drainage. If irrigation conditions are available, do not plant crops continuously. 1- 2 months before planting large peony, to fertilize the land deep ploughing, depth can reach 0.5- 0.8 meters, in order to achieve deep roots and luxuriant leaves. Before ploughing, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and fermented and decomposed human and livestock manure or cake fertilizer is better. It is advisable to apply 2500- 3000 kg of human and livestock manure or 250 kg of cake fertilizer per mu. The amount of soil fertilizer can be more, generally 3000- 4000 kg per mu. Before planting, the deep-ploughed land should be prepared. The general requirements are: a slope-shaped border, a slightly higher ridge in the middle, a ridge on all sides to prevent soil erosion, a flat inner bottom, a width of 2- 3 meters and a length of 10 meters. A ditch is opened up and down along the ridge, which is convenient for one side of water to pass and four sides to seep.

Sowing seedlings.

Soak the seeds in water for 1- 2 hours, remove the plump seeds that sink in the water, discard the floating grains, the plump seeds can reach 2600- 3000 seeds per kilogram, and 1 kg of dry seeds can absorb 1.2 kg of water when soaked for 24 hours. Seed treatment should be carried out before sowing, that is, soaking seeds in warm water at 50℃ for 24--30 hours, so that seed coat degumming water absorption, swelling germination. Soaked seeds can be mixed with appropriate amount of plant ash for sowing, in case of rainy days or timely sowing, soaked seeds can be covered with wet cloth and placed in the house, and then sown after sunny days. Sowing time should be in the "summer" after the white dew before sowing (the end of July lunar calendar), too late emergence rate is low, less roots before the year, after the year seedlings are not prosperous. In order to break the dormancy of hypocotyls, 500×10-6--1000 $> 10-6 gibberellin can be used to soak seeds for 24 hours before sowing. After one week, the dormancy period can be broken, and buds and roots can grow simultaneously. Seedling should be adopted not high ridge, generally scrape the dry soil on the surface first, make small high ridge with wet soil, ridge height 10--15 cm, ridge width 3--5--50 cm, seedling 2--3 rows on the ridge, row spacing 6--9 cm ×3--4 cm, covering 3--5 cm, and immediately cover with plastic film, add soil 6--8 cm on the plastic film to keep warm for winter. 25- 35 kg seeds per mu for row sowing and 50 kg seeds for sowing. If the soil moisture is insufficient during sowing, water should be added to the border to ensure that the seeds need water for germination. And we should pay great attention to the management of seedlings. After seed sowing, if humidity, temperature appropriate, 30 days can germinate out of 0.5--0.8 cm long young roots,"winter solstice" around, can be in the ditch water steal irrigation once "winter water" to take advantage of root growth. After the rain in the second year, the mulch should be removed in time and the topsoil should be loosened to promote the growth of seedlings. "Jingzhe" before and after, seedlings out of Qi basic, winter snow less dry, can steal irrigation "germination water." In spring, seedling field management should be strengthened, mainly by timely topdressing and watering. If successive drought before wheat harvests, answer every 7--10 days, steal watering, loosen soil in time conserve moisture. Combined with watering and fertilization, quick-acting fertilizer-based, multi-application of decomposed human dung, sesame cake, rapeseed cake, etc., 3 times is appropriate. Attention should also be paid to eliminating weeds and controlling pests to ensure that seedlings are healthy. When the annual seedlings grow to 0.3 --0.4 meters high, they can be transplanted in the same year, and the weak seedlings can be transplanted after 2--3 years.

Planting.

Peony in the north and south of the cultivation time method is quite different. North more in the "autumnal equinox" before and after planting, planting method for vertical planting. In the south, most of them are planted from "summer heat" to "white dew". The planting method is oblique planting method (the angle between the plant and the ground is 25°-35°). The medicinal peony is planted 1500--2000 plants per mu, and the ornamental one is about 1800 plants per mu. Luoyang and Heze are representative planting methods of peony in Central Plains of China. The two places are mostly planted around the "autumn equinox". At this time, there is still some time before the land freezes, and the underground roots can grow for a period of time, which is very beneficial to ensure survival and growth in the coming year. The new root length can reach 12- 15 cm. The specific planting method is as follows: digging holes on the prepared land according to the predetermined row spacing. The size of the holes is 30--50 cm square and the depth is 40--50 cm. When digging holes, topsoil and raw soil should be separated. Secondly, the peony seedlings are placed in the hole, so that the root system is evenly distributed and stretched, hanging down to the surroundings, then the topsoil can be buried, and then the raw soil can be filled. When the soil is filled to half of the hole, the seedlings should be gently lifted by hand and lifted left and right, so that the root neck ("Wuhuatou") is flat with the ground. After the soil is filled, it is gently tamped with a wooden stick and immediately poured with root water. When the soil is dry, it can be loosened and preserved. Peony planting depth to the sores Qi soil surface is better, deep roots do not grow, flowers do not flourish.

Watering.

Practical experience has proved that peony needs sufficient water before budding, flowering and flowering in spring. In this case, rain is not timely and watering is needed to ensure water for growth and development. In the "Peony Eight Books" said: "The first planting irrigation foot, after half a month a irrigation, drought when ten days a irrigation, water does not like more, but also tired of its less, more root rot, less dry." Therefore, the key to watering peony is whether the watering time, frequency and quantity are scientific. The basis of watering is determined by its dry and wet characteristics. Peony watering, dry soil in the north should be watered many times, wet in the south can not be watered more. Watering should be regular, avoid watering in summer, watering should be done in the morning or cool, winter and spring should be watered in warm days, water should be used for a long time to accumulate rainwater, pond water is better, warm water contains fertilizer, other water is second; winter watering fertilizer water, watering fertilizer water before flowering, after Xie Hua should use fertilizer water lightly. In areas where it rains or ponders for a long time in summer, shade, rain prevention, waterlogging prevention and grass spreading on the ground should be adopted to cool down peony management, reduce evaporation and ponding hypoxia.

1. 5

Fertilization.

In order to ensure the good development of peony, we must attach great importance to fertilization. From the second year after planting, fertilizer is applied at least 3 times a year, and the first time is applied from the "spring equinox" to the "Qingming" season, i.e. 15- 25 days before flowering. In order to supplement the root or branch itself original storage nutrient deficiency, is conducive to flowering in that year. The second time can be carried out within half a month after flowering. To meet the vigorous growth of branches and flower bud differentiation needs. To lay the material foundation for flowering next year. The third fertilization should be carried out in autumn and winter, which can not only store nutrients, but also help peony winter protection.

Loosening and weeding.

Because peony likes soft soil and warm ground, it is important to hoe and weed frequently. 2- 3 times before flowering and 1- 2 times a month from flowering to autumn. After rain or watering, hoe and loosen the soil when the soil is slightly dry. Hoeing depth in 5--10 cm, the first hoe to shallow, two hoe to deep (10 cm), thin, do not leave a virgin soil. After flowering, in order to reduce water evaporation and maintain vigorous growth, two, three, four years old peony can be shallow excavation, depth up to 15 cm, in order to enhance drought resistance. Summer high temperature rainy season, soil moisture, surface hardening easily. Weeds are easy to grow, but weeding is more important. The time from "beginning of autumn" to "summer heat" is the key time for weeding. Shallow hoe, fine hoe and weed elimination before seed formation can reduce the harm of weeds in the coming year.

Pruning and bud removal.

This is an important technical measure for peony management. The same language horticultural pruning, it is also called fixed stock to take buds. Its purpose is to maintain plant type, concentrate nutrients, promote flowering and root growth. As the flower farmers say,"gas is gathered fertilizer, open when it will be huge Li."