A complete Collection of Omni-directional planting techniques of Longan

The work of protecting fruit, strengthening fruit and preventing crack starts from flowering. The fruit protection, strong fruit and crack prevention of longan are important links to achieve high and stable yield. The main measures are as follows:

[1] create good conditions for pollination and fertilization

After flowering, the fruit of longan can only grow and develop after pollination and fertilization. Creating good conditions for pollination and fertilization can increase fruit setting rate and yield. The main measures are: ① flowering orchard bees, improve the efficiency of orchard pollination, ② flowering in case of rain, shake trees in time, shake on the ear of withered flowers and water droplets, to prevent "retting".

[2] apply strong fruit fertilizer

The growth and development of longan fruit needs to absorb a lot of nutrients. If there is a lack of nutrients in the period of fruit growth and development, it will cause a large number of fallen fruits and leaves, resulting in tree failure, or poor fruit development and extremely poor quality. Therefore, for high-yield trees, strong fruit fertilizer must be applied to ensure the normal development of fruit, improve yield and quality, and prevent tree decline. The main fertilizer for strong fruit is available fertilizer, and the application of rhizosphere and leaf is carried out at the same time.

The specific practices are as follows:

A) applying the first strong fruit fertilizer before and after flowering from the end of March to the beginning of April can promote the development of small fruit and increase the fruit setting rate. The best fertilization was calculated according to 5m crown, plant applied bran water, 50mm 100 kg (including dry bran 1~1.5kg) or compound fertilizer l~1.5kg.

B) the second fruit fertilizer was applied from the middle of June to the first ten days of July, and the plant was treated with 50k bran water plus 0.5 kg urea or compound fertilizer 1kg plus urea 0.5kg.

C) foliar fertilization during fruit growth and development period can effectively supplement nutrients. "Nutrition and high yield" was sprayed once after longan blossom, then repeated every 20 days, and sprayed for a total of 3 times during the whole fruit development period, which had a good effect on improving fruit yield and quality, increasing fruit weight and sugar content, and reducing fruit drop and fruit cracking.

Planting technology

Longan tree is suitable to grow in hilly and mountainous areas where the ecological environment is subtropical, especially in gentle hills. Under the conditions of long frost-free period, abundant heat, sufficient light, abundant rainfall and acidic red soil, it is more appropriate to develop longan production and establish a foreign exchange-earning longan production base.

The main results are as follows: (1) the garden chooses longan to like warmth, and pond foundations, embankments, plains, foothills and slopes without frost or short-term frost in winter can grow normally, especially with sufficient sunshine, air circulation, less frost, insects and waterlogging, and thicker soil. the hillside with good drainage is more suitable for longan production, but it should be noted that too low-lying and moist places are not conducive to longan planting. In addition, slope aspect, slope, soil properties and soil depth should be considered in the selection of garden land. In areas where there is often frost in winter, it is better to pay attention to the south or southeast slope. The leeward slope should be chosen for planting in coastal areas. The mountain slope should be 5-25 degrees. If the slope is more than 25 degrees, it is difficult to conserve soil and water. In soil selection, the sites where the surface layer is sandy loam or loam and the bottom clay is longan, the yield is low and the economic life is short. Deep red loam or loam, sandy loam and gravelly loam with soil pH of 5.4-6.5 are the most suitable for longan cultivation. The soil quality near the low slope is better than that of the middle and upper slope. For longan, the depth of soil is an important condition for the establishment of the garden, usually there should be about 2 meters of soil layer to ensure the annual water and nutrient supply of longan trees. When setting up a garden in a large area, the convenience of transportation should be considered. In typhoon areas, attention should also be paid to the allocation of windbreak forest belts. Casuarina equisetifolia, Taiwan Acacia, black cypress, neem, eucalyptus and bamboo are mostly used as windbreak forests in Fujian, Taiwan and Guangdong, which can reduce wind damage, reduce water evaporation, improve and stabilize microclimate temperature, and protect the normal growth and fruit of longan trees.

(2) soil and water conservation in mountain slopes is directly related to the growth, high and stable yield of longan trees, because longan trees grow in red loam areas with poor physical and chemical properties, and there are many rainstorms in these areas, which is easy to cause serious soil and water loss, therefore, it must be emphasized that it should be planted after building terraces or simple soil and water conservation projects in accordance with local conditions. In order to build a garden on a gentle slope of 5-10 degrees, the method of "contour ring gully" can be used to conserve soil and water, and the main technical key lies in the distance and depth of the gully. When the slope is small and the soil erosion is not serious, the distance between ditches can be wider, up to 8-10 meters. When opening a ditch, the dug soil will be piled into a ridge along the outside of the ditch. If the slope is large and the soil erosion is heavy, the distance between ditches should be reduced to 4-6 meters. A large number of production practices show that when the planting mode, soil biological cover and soil management are properly coordinated, the method of "contour ring gully" can not only save labor, but also create a stable ripening environment for the soil. When the slope is more than 10 degrees, the method of "contour terraces around mountains" is usually used because of the steep terrain. This is a long-term soil and water conservation engineering measure. The Mesa width and slight internal inclination, the height and firmness of the terrace, the firmness of the terrace wall and the reasonable setting of water storage and drainage system, as well as roads, shelterbelt, fruit distribution field and other problems, in the larger longan field, should be considered at the same time in the construction of the garden and the implementation of soil and water conservation projects. The terraces should be built step by step according to the contours from the bottom up, and a high water-retaining ridge should be built on the outer edge of each terrace to keep Rain Water on the table. The inner edge of the ladder platform makes a ditch to communicate with the main drainage ditch, so that Rain Water discharges excess Rain Water. The width of the terrace depends on the size of the slope. Steep slope section, the ladder Mesa is narrow, the platform wall is higher, the gentle slope section, the Mesa is wider. The platform wall is correspondingly lower. The slope is usually about 10 degrees. The width of the table can be up to 8-15 meters, and the height of the table wall is about 1 meter. When the slope is 11-25 degrees, the Mesa is 3-9 meters wide and the platform wall is 1-3 meters high. Stone can be used to build ladder walls.

Turf soil, can also be directly rammed with laterite to build a dam, covered with green manure or other crops to prevent erosion. In the construction of the ladder, the table should be 1-2 degrees introverted slightly tilted. The ditch inside the platform is generally about 30-40 cm wide and dark red 15 cm. The main drainage ditch can be built manually according to the slope potential and natural flow path, and can be paved with stones. In places with larger slopes, "buffer pits" should be installed in the main drains. Place gravel at the outlet to slow down the impact of the water, and at the same time retain more moisture and scour the mud. If the orchard is on a steep hillside, in order to avoid torrents on the upper woodland or the top of the orchard, a wide and deep ditch with a depth of 0.3-0.6 m and a width of 0.6-1 m can be opened in the uppermost part of the orchard. The water retaining ditch is connected with the drainage ditch, and when the water blocking ditch is too long, there should be an appropriate sectional specific drop to facilitate drainage. In order to make full use of Rain Water, we can also open some small reservoirs in the appropriate areas of the drainage ditch to reduce soil erosion.

(3) planting should be carried out in spring and autumn, and spring planting is better. Spring planting is usually carried out from February to May before spring buds germinate or after spring shoots grow old, and April is suitable. Autumn planting is usually carried out between August and October before the autumn buds germinate or after the autumn shoots are mature.

Because of the barren soil and poor physical and chemical properties of red soil hilly land or other hillsides, holes should be opened 2-3 months before planting. The production practice has proved that the big hole is beneficial to the growth of seedlings. The hole is usually 0.6-1 meter deep and about 1 meter in diameter. After opening the hole, put the foot base fertilizer. Base fertilizer can be used locally, such as green manure, weeds, barnyard manure, compost, garbage or pond mud, etc. According to the fertilizer source, about 5 piculs (250 kg) were applied in each hole, and a small amount of lime, phosphate fertilizer and cake fertilizer were mixed with the soil. When digging holes, the topsoil should be separated from the subsoil, and the topsoil should be filled first when filling. The planting density in mountainous areas is generally 6 × 7 meters, with about 15 plants per mu. The plots with good fertility should be properly encrypted. 5 × 5 meters, about 25 plants per mu. Dwarfing and low-pole cultivation. In order to gain early production.

When planting, it should be considered that the root neck of the plant should be flush with the ground after survival, and should not be too deep or too shallow. When planting, the root neck can be required to be 5-6 cm above the ground. Before planting, the pit is also fully watered in advance, and after the water seeps into the seedlings with soil, carefully fill the soil according to the above requirements, the filling should not be filled at once, but should be filled in at different levels, and gradually pressed inward from the periphery with your hands, so that the soil is in close contact with the root, do not trample with your feet, so that the young roots can be broken easily. After planting, make a small water plate around the seedling to facilitate irrigation. In order to reduce leaf evaporation and facilitate survival, some branchlets and leaves can be cut off. Fully irrigate after planting, and after all the water is poured in, sprinkle a layer of fine soil to prevent the soil from cracking and breaking the young roots. In case of drought, water should be drenched once in 3-5 days.

In order to increase the economic benefit per unit area, the short-term effect of interplanting can be planned at the beginning of the period, which can not only grow in a short time, but also protect fertilizer and soil. Merchants website: www.3456.tv

(4) Control of insect pests in fruit stage

Longan fruit is damaged by litchi bugs or litchi stem borer, which is an important reason for fruit drop, especially in the later stage. Therefore, we should conscientiously do a good job in prevention and control in production.

(1) the control methods of litchi bugs.

In Guangdong producing areas, 80% dichlorvos is usually sprayed in the first ten days of March (before and after the sting), and in late March, 90% trichlorfon is sprayed 600 times or 1500 times to kill overwintering adults from late April to the first and middle of May. Spray trichlorfon or pyrethroid pesticide twice to kill young nymphs.

(2) Control methods of litchi stem borer.

Do a good job in the prediction of insect situation and spray once when the adult Eclosion rate reaches 40% and 80% respectively. If the pest situation is not reported, it can be sprayed once in early July and once 15 days before fruit harvest. Commonly used agents: 25% parathion EC 800x, 49% Lexben 1200 times, 10% mibaike 1500 times, 25% insecticidal double water agents 500x, 90% trichlorfon 1500 times, etc.

In addition, clearing the garden in winter can effectively reduce the damage of litchi curl elephant and litchi stem borer to longan.

[5] Irrigation and drainage

In the period of fruit growth and development, maintaining the water balance between soil and tree is an important measure for longan to strengthen fruit, protect fruit and prevent cracking. Therefore, it is necessary to irrigate in time in case of drought and drainage in case of heavy rain.

[VI] Application of growth regulators

In recent years, growth regulators have been widely used in production to protect strong fruit and prevent cracking, improve fruit quality and increase yield.

(1) the commonly used medicaments are:

5mg/L gibberellin plus 5ml L2Mae 4rel D aqueous solution, longan special fruit protector, Guoteling No. 1, etc., were sprayed for the first time 10 to 15 days after longan flowering, and then every 20 days for a total of 2 times.

(2) it is also reported that:

Spraying compound triacontanol (TA) milk powder 50 days before fruit harvest (when the seeds were about to turn black) and spraying once every 10 days for 3 times could significantly improve the yield and quality of longan.