Planting and cultivating skills of tree grape

Planting and cultivating skills of tree grape

1. Tree grape planting

Tree grape scientific name Jiabao fruit, also known as Zhenbao fruit, pseudo-love god tree, etc., native to South America, for the myrtle family Eros tree is an evergreen shrub, suitable for bonsai and garden trees, the fruit is not only edible, but also for appreciation. It is very suitable for balcony potted planting, garden scene or potted ornamental plants. Let's take a look at the skills of tree grape cultivation.

Growth habits of tree grape

Tree grape is suitable for growth in cooler tropical and subtropical climates with moderate to high rainfall. Most species have the ability of-2.8℃, while some species have the ability of-4.4℃. Solar tree species, need all-day sunshine, or withstand a small amount of shade, require moist soil, but avoid stagnant water and have the ability to dry for a short time. It has strong adaptability to soil, but the slightly acidic (pH5.5~6.5) sandy loam with deep soil layer, good fertility and good drainage is the best. It grows poorly on calcareous soil and is not resistant to salt and alkali.

Reproduction skills of tree grape

1. Seed reproduction: seed reproduction is now the most important reproduction method of tree grape, fresh seed germination is better. After harvest, the fruit was stored in a plastic bag and refrigerated at 5: 8 ℃. The seeds were taken out and washed and cultivated when they were to be cultivated. The cold storage could last for 1-2 months, and still had a certain germination rate. The seeds germinated after 20-40 days of cultivation, and germinated slowly when the temperature was low.

2. Grafting reproduction: it takes 6 to 10 years for the seedlings of most grape species to begin to bear fruit, and the grafting method can be used to bear fruit earlier, and about 3 years after grafting. Biennial seedlings are selected as rootstocks, annual branches are cut from the fruit mother tree as scions, the survival rate of cutting or relying on grafting is higher in autumn and winter, the grafting rate is poor from March to April, and grafting is not easy to succeed in summer.

3. Cuttage propagation: tree grape is not easy to survive by cutting. it is a typical species that is difficult to root in China. It can be cut with semi-hardwood (2 sections and 4 leaves) in May every year, soaked in NAA2000ppm and rooting in peat soil. The rooting rate can reach 90%. On the other hand, the foreign research shows that it is better to cut the cuttings with 10 cm long cuttings with 3 or 4 pairs of mature leaves in the medium of sand mixed peat soil (share 1:1). The treatment of cutting 4 cuttings at the base of cuttings and IBA1000ppm can promote rooting.

Cultivate skills of tree grape

1. Treatment at seedling stage: after germination, double buds, multiple buds and too weak buds are wiped off to form new shoots and tie them with iron wire at both ends. Setting shoots at a distance of 15cm and spraying Huawang No. 3 in time can be useful in controlling shoot growth, promoting more flower branches, promoting flower bud differentiation, balancing flowers and spikes, and eliminating the annoyance of thinning flowers and fruits.

2. reasonable fertilizer: tree grape culture should be topdressing according to the growth stage, that is, flower and fruit fertilizer, fruit expansion fertilizer, color fertilizer and postharvest fertilizer, and pay special attention to the reasonable matching of N, P, K and other fertilizers to ensure a balanced supply of nutrients. The mixture of farm manure and orange stalk must be fermented at high temperature for more than 60 days before it is dry.

3. Seasonal pruning: the growth of tree grape fruit is slow, and there is no need for forced pruning at ordinary times, but in order to control plant height and potted tree type, it is appropriate to prune the branches with exuberant growth at the top. Generally, it is advocated to trim the low and internal thin and short branches in order to depict the tree type with ventilated and beautiful branches, and the dense or overgrown branches can be trimmed in autumn and winter.

4. Pest management: there are few diseases and insect pests in grape cultivation in China, and pesticides are rarely used in management, but they are simply damaged by birds during the fruiting period, so they can cover the periphery of the plant with a black net or set up a net room to avoid bird food, and double-layer newspapers can be used to bag the fruit. If the poisonous moth larvae damage the leaves, you can use the plant maintenance manual to recommend drug control.

What should you pay attention to when planting grapes?

First, choose the location:

Vineyards should be built on dry land or paddy fields that are sunny, close to water sources and well drained. The soil quality is better than the fertile sandy loam. For the clayey and heavily consolidated land, the soil should be improved by mixing sand, applying more soil miscellaneous fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and the sandy barren land should be properly mixed with clay and more organic fertilizer to improve the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of grapes.

What should you pay attention to when planting grapes?

2. Norms for land preparation and cultivation:

It is advocated that the cultivation method of hedge type should be chosen as the main method. This cultivation method is suitable for planting 220,260 plants per mu, that is, the plant spacing is 1.2 to 1.5 meters and the row spacing is 2 meters. The method of close planting of 400 plants per mu can also be selected and dug as appropriate after reaching the high yield period.

When preparing the land, first completely reclaim or plough and flatten the whole garden, and dig the irrigation ditch all around. Then set the direction according to the north-south or headwind (the slope is oriented according to the contour line), and dig the fixed value pit or fixed value ditch according to the row spacing and plant spacing. The standard of digging fixed value pit is 1 meter long, 1 meter wide and 0.60-0.8 meter deep, and the standard of digging and planting trench is 1 meter wide and 0.6-0.8 meter deep. When digging, separate the topsoil and subsoil on the two ends of the pit (ditch). Bask in the pit for 10 to 20 days, and then apply 100kg of rotten pig and cow manure or 100kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 1kg of phosphate fertilizer, 2000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 750kg of bran fertilizer and 250kg of phosphorus in each fixed value pit. Backfill topsoil, and then backfill part of the subsoil. After backfilling, the surface of the planting pit (ditch) should be more than 0.3 meters higher than the original site, and then set the value after the backfill pit (ditch) soil has settled down.

What should you pay attention to when planting grapes?

3. Colonization:

L. Planting season:

Grape seedlings can be cultivated during the whole period from normal defoliation to pre-germination.

2. Method of setting value:

(1) pre-planting treatment of seedlings

After cutting off the old roots and branches of the seedlings and the roots and branches damaged by diseases and insect pests, soak the whole seedling with 2 ‰ carbendazim solution for 1 hour, then pick up the seedlings and soak the roots for 8 hours for 10 hours, absorb water, and then cover the roots with yellow mud. It can be cultivated or temporarily stored in wet sand.

(2) colonization specification

There is no good planting point in the planting pit (ditch). Dig a cultivation pit slightly wider and deeper than the root system of grape seedlings in the planting point, set up the root radiation of the qualified grape seedlings, gently pull the seedlings straight, then gently backfill the fine topsoil, gently tremble the seedlings while filling the soil, so that the roots are closely connected with the fine soil, step on the backfill soil twice, pour enough water to fix the roots, and finally cover a layer of loose soil to make a turtle-shaped fruit tree dish-shaped. And 0.2 meters higher than the original ground.

What should you pay attention to when planting grapes?

IV. Strengthen fertilizer and water management

1. Cultivate logistical inspection, properly drench water, adhere to soil moisture, and promote the growth of new roots. Dredge drainage and irrigation ditches in time to prevent waterlogging.

2. Topdressing newly planted grape plants in time to grow new roots, and topdressing in time when the leaves reach 3-5 pieces. Top dressing every 15 days or so. Mainly drenched with rotten dilute dung and urine, or drenched with 0.3% urea or compound fertilizer solution. For seedlings with a length of more than 20%, ditches can be opened to apply rotten manure or compound fertilizer and amino acid compound fertilizer. The application of fertilizer should be about 10 cm away from the grape plant, not the stem and leaf of the plant. Topdressing is required for 8 to 10 times in the whole year. Spray foliar fertilizer properly.

What should you pay attention to when planting grapes?

Fifth, set up the hedge

It is appropriate to build a single stand or a double stand.

1, single stand, wine type grape varieties (Bei alcohol, mountain grape) set up a single stand. That is, in the grape planting row from the center line of grape planting about 20 cm to build a row of fence-like frame, the height of 2.0 to 2.2 meters. Set up 3-4 horizontal frames (with No. 12-14 galvanized iron wire or bamboo pole), the first line is 40cm 60 cm from the ground, the second-4th lane is 50 cm apart, the distance between small vertical columns is 2 meters, the distance of large vertical columns is 4 meters, and the length of columns is 2.5-2.7 meters, which is about 50 cm buried in the soil. For small upright columns, a number of wooden piles or reinforced concrete columns up to 8 cm in diameter shall be arranged at both ends and center of each row as the main supporting upright columns.

2. Double stand: fresh grape varieties build double stand. In other words, the two ends of the grape planting row are 50-60 centimeters away from the center line of grape planting, each with a row of single stand, which becomes a double stand. The shelf area can be increased by 50% to 70%, the sunny area can be added, and the yield per mu can be increased. Fifth, according to the grape variety and plant distance from the cultivation of the main vine slightly to 4cm long, leave 2 to 3 strong new slightly cultivated into the main vine (depending on the variety, cultivation density).

What should you pay attention to when planting grapes?

6. cultivate the main vine according to the grape variety and plant distance.

1. Wine-making type grapes (such as Beitol, mountain grape): for those with sparse plant spacing, every 3 main vines are cultivated, and for those with dense plant spacing, 2 main vines are cultivated per plant. Other useless shoots and all tendrils should be wiped off. When the main vine grows to the first horizontal frame of the hedge, draw the vine on the shelf, tie the vine cover with a small rope or straw knot "8" knot and fix it, pick the heart, and cultivate 2 or 3 pairs. When the vice is slightly longer than the second horizontal frame, then tie and fix and pick the heart, and cultivate the fruiting branch slightly.

2. Fresh grape varieties, each plant leaves 2 strong buds as the main vine, other useless buds and all tendrils are erased. When the main vine reaches the first horizontal frame of the hedge, separate the two main vines and tie them to each side of the double stand, pick the heart, and cultivate the pair slightly on the second horizontal frame. The V-shaped seedling frame will be formed in the future.

3. Some plants only grow a strong new plant, pick out the heart when it grows 5-6 leaves, promote the hair to grow slightly, and then cultivate 2-3 secondary vines as the main vine.

What should you pay attention to when planting grapes?

Pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

1. Prevention and control of diseases. Grape diseases mainly include downy mildew, rust, black bean disease and brown spot, which should be controlled by spraying in time. Refer to the variety, concentration and methods of drugs as follows:

Baumei 0.2-0.3 stone-sulfur mixture; 50% methamphetamine 500-fold solution; 50% carbendazim 800-1000-fold solution; 75% chlorothalonil 500-fold solution; 58% Ruidu manganese-zinc 500-fold solution; Dyson zinc 800-1000 fold solution. According to the disease, 2-3 kinds of pesticides were used instead of 2-3 kinds of pesticides, and the pesticides were sprayed every 7-10 days. The concentration of each spray should be appropriate, but the amount of water should be fully sprayed.

2. Prevention and control of pests. At present, it has been found that there are beetles, Huang Shou melon, short beard mites, pink scale, bugs, ground tigers, mole crickets, crickets and other damage to wheat seedlings. Can be sprayed with 40% omethoate or 50% dichlorvos 1500 times.