Net cage culture loach has high benefit

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is delicious and nutritious. It is known as "ginseng" in the water. It is a good taste in fish. In recent years, the resources of wild Loach have been reduced, and the market is in short supply. Therefore, there are broad prospects for the development of artificial culture of Loach. Years of production practice has proved that cage culture of Loach has the advantages of low investment, quick effect, high yield, convenient management, easy fishing and remarkable economic benefits, so it is a practical culture technology worth popularizing.

1 material

1.1Pond 15667m2 Pond 1 mouth, water depth 1.5m, pond silt thick 15cm, rectangular, east-west direction, pond diagonal inlet and outlet. The water source comes from the river water, the water quality is fresh, the transparency is 30cm, the pH value is 7.5and the dissolved oxygen content is 605mg/L.

1.2 the materials, specifications and settings of the cage are made of polyethylene, the wire mesh type, and the cage frame is made of bamboo pole and is directly fixed in the water. The cage of Loach culture is divided into Loach species cultivation cage and adult Loach temporary culture cage. The mesh size of Loach breeding cage is determined by the fact that the seedlings cannot escape, and the box area is 10~25m2. The net mesh of adult Loach temporary cage is 0.5~1cm, and the box area is about 50m2. The height of the box depends on the aquaculture water body, which generally makes the upper part of the cage higher than the water surface 40cm. Loach does not like strong light, the cage should be set in the shallow water by the lake, and the bottom of the box is covered with 15~25cm thick soil.

2 methods

2.1 Pond cleaning

On April 2, 2012, 150 kg of quicklime was used at a depth of 1 meter per mu, and the whole pool was sprinkled after pulping.

2.2 cage placement

On April 15, the newly made cage was immersed in 20mg/L 's potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, and then soaked in pool water for about half a month. A layer of algae biofilm was attached to the surface of the net coat to make it soft and smooth, and the harmful substances in the new net coat were removed at the same time to avoid bruising or disease of Loach body surface. On May 3, the cage was installed. The upper and lower corners of the cage were fixed with Artemisia annua, the bottom of the cage was about 25cm from the bottom of the pool, the top of the cage was above 50cm above the water surface, and the row spacing was 5m and 1m, so as to facilitate bait management and water exchange.

2.3 Transplantation of water peanuts, revolutionary grass or hyacinth

From May 10 to 15, about 10 tons (wet weight) of peanuts, revolutionary grass or hyacinth were salvaged from the clean river, which were arranged in cages and covered 70% to 80%. On May 18, 10 kg of urea per mu was sprinkled with water to promote the rapid growth of water peanuts, revolutionary grass and hyacinth.

2.4 seed selection and stocking

The seedling sources of Loach in cage include artificial propagation and wild seedlings. The survival rate of artificial breeding is high, the weight gain is fast, but the seedling cost is high; the cost of wild seedling is low, but the survival rate is relatively low and the weight gain is slow. The seedlings were soaked in potassium permanganate solution of 1 × 10E-5 concentration for 10 seconds for 30 seconds, or 3% or 5% salt water for 10 seconds for 20 seconds to kill body surface bacteria and parasites, and at the same time, remove the injured and weak seedlings. A total of 30000 loach seedlings / m2 with body length of 3~5cm were cultured in cage. When the body length of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus increased to 10~15cm, it was transferred to the cage for temporary culture of adult Loach, and its stocking capacity was 1500 ~ 2500 tails / m2. The specific stocking amount of Loach species cage and adult Loach cage should be determined according to the conditions such as fat and thin water, running water, Loach specification and physique, feeding technology level and so on. If the water quality is fat and cool, there is micro-running water, the specification of Loach is neat, the physique is good, and the feeding condition and technology are good, the feeding quantity can be increased appropriately.

2.5 Food selection and bait

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus has a wide range of feeding habits, not only feeding on natural bait organisms, but also artificial feed. Artificial bait is mainly used to raise Loach in cage, including rice bran, bean cake, wheat bran, fish meal, fresh bait and compound bait and so on. The artificial compound feed was made of bean cake, vegetable cake, fish meal, silkworm pupa powder and pig blood meal, in which the ratio of animal to plant feed was 6 ∶ 4. If the water temperature rises above 25 ℃, the proportion of animal feed in the compound feed should be increased to 80%. Feeding should follow the "four fixed" principle: at regular times, Loach has an obvious feeding peak in one day and night, which is 6 ∶ 009 ∶ 0010 respectively 16 ∶ 0018 ∶ 00; fixed-point feeding can make Loach form the habit of concentrated feeding, and it is also convenient to manually observe the feeding condition of Loach and adjust the feeding amount in time; fixed quality, so that no spoiled food is fed, and the food remains fresh and the composition is relatively stable. Quantitative, the daily feeding amount should be adjusted at any time according to the growth status, water temperature and water quality of Loach, generally within 1-2 days. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus food intake is greatly affected by the water temperature, in the range of suitable water temperature, the daily feeding rate is about 4%, generally the most suitable feeding amount within 1 hour. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus has a large amount of food at night, and it also eats during the vigorous growth period. according to this characteristic, feeding should be mainly at night. Because Misgurnus anguillicaudatus has the characteristic of gluttony, overfeeding should be avoided in the process of culture. When the water temperature is higher than 30 ℃ or lower than 12 ℃, the Loach's appetite decreases, so it should be fed less or stopped at this time.

2.6 Daily Management

Water quality management is the same as conventional fish culture. Loach seedlings are not fed within 1-3 days after being placed in a cage. From the fifth day, 50% earthworms, 10% rice field eel full-price material, and 40% flower silver carp are twisted into surimi and pinched into balls for fixed-point feeding. With the increase of the amount of feeding, the proportion of earthworms gradually decreased, and the number of silver carp and full-price feed increased to 20%, 15% and 65%. After the food training was successful (the food intake reached 3% to 4%), the bait was started. First, the "Yuchongqing" deworming drug was taken internally for 3 days, and then the antibacterial drug "Baidu granule" was taken for 3 days. Every 15 days, 20 kg / mu of quicklime, strong chlorine and other water disinfection drugs were cross-used for disinfection. The microecological agents were used once on August 15 and September 10 respectively to purify the water quality and adjust the microecological balance. Patrol every morning and evening to check whether the cage is damaged and whether the Loach activity is normal. In the high temperature season from July to August, when the water surface covered by water peanuts accounts for 1 / 2 of the cage area, it is necessary to remove too many water peanuts in the cage and make it cover the cage area about 1 / 3. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus has strong disease resistance, coupled with strict control when purchasing seedlings, basically no disease will occur, but in the process of culture, it is still necessary to do a good job in pond disease prevention, treatment and medication. On November 20, the cage is covered with sun-dried weeds to keep warm through the winter.

3 results

3.1 output

Since October 18, the catch and box overwintering has resulted in a yield of 3500 kg, a net increase of 1240 kg, and a survival rate of more than 80%.

3.2 benefit analysis

The average price of Loach before and after the Spring Festival is 40 yuan / kg, the sales income is 160000 yuan, minus the input of eel species and feed is 65000 yuan, the income is 95000 yuan, the average net benefit per cage is 1020 yuan, the input-output ratio is 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 5.

4 discussion

The main results are as follows: (1) the time of throwing seedlings should avoid the peak period of spawning, during which Loach seedlings are injured due to fishing, transportation and input, which affects the survival rate. In Huaibei area, it is more appropriate to release seedlings at the end of June and the middle of July.

(2) according to the feeding habits of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus seedlings, the feed with low cost and high meat gain rate should be selected for long-term feeding. For example, 10% earthworms, 40% silver carp and synthetic feed can account for 50% of the feed. The feeding amount should be sufficient, not from time to time, it is better to have a small amount of residual food, and the feeding time should be fixed, usually around the evening. During the vigorous feeding period from August to September, bait should be given twice a day, once at 8: 9 a.m. and 4: 5 p.m. Bait should be positioned, and the feed should be pinched into balls on water peanuts, revolutionary grass or hyacinth. Generally, one feeding point should be set up every 4 times, and more points should be fed to slow down the competition for food and make the Loach grow evenly.

(3) choose the open feed that Loach likes to eat. The natural living ricefield eel mainly eats fresh animal feed such as aquatic insects, earthworms and shrimp, and artificial culture of Loach begins to use earthworms and clams, gradually increasing the proportion of artificial ingredients and fresh surimi, so that the training time is short and the effect is quick, which is conducive to the rapid increase of food intake.

(4) remove the residual bait from the food table in time and keep the water quality in the cage fresh. The size of the cage should be 2m × 6m × 1.5m. The width is too wide, which is not conducive to the exchange of water in the box.

(5) brush the net clothes frequently to keep the water flow inside and outside the box. The water quality in the box is lively, which is conducive to the entry of plankton into the box. Check the cage in time and repair the loopholes immediately to prevent the Loach from escaping and pests from entering the cage. At the same time, the cage should be equipped with anti-escape facilities such as box covers.

(6) keep the bottom of the box with soil, so as to prevent the Loach from being scraped by the bottom wall of the cage, causing skin damage and infection, prevent and cure the disease in time, and disinfect the Loach with dilute salt water or potassium permanganate solution before entering the box. In addition, bleach can also be used to hang the bag method, the method is to put the bleach in the gauze bag, hang in the cage water, let the bleach slowly dissolve and spread, can adopt the principle of more than a small amount, hang the bag in the cage for several days.

(7) pay attention to guard against the harm of other organisms to Loach, such as snakehead, water snake, water rat and so on.

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