How to grow bletilla under the forest?

I. Woodland selection

Bletilla striata has the habit of being wet and not resistant to waterlogging, so it is very suitable for planting under the forest. In the areas where the average annual temperature is 15-20 ℃, the annual rainfall is more than 900 mm and the air relative humidity is more than 75%, the forest plots with a slope of ≤ 25 °are selected for planting. Bletilla striata is suitable for planting in fertile and loose, humus-rich slightly acidic sandy loam or humus loam, and avoid alkaline soil and clay planting. The selected planting sites should be far away from industrial and urban pollution sources.

II. Land preparation and border formation

Clean up the withered branches and low side branches in the woodland. Combined with thinning and pruning, the light transmittance under the forest was adjusted to 30% 50%. After carefully removing stones and other impurities. Spread organic fertilizer or fully mature farm manure evenly on the ground. Then turn over more than 30 cm, fine rake the soil, and make the border along the contour line, the width of the border is 120 cm, the height is 15cm, the length is not limited, the width of the furrow and perimeter is 40 cm, the depth is 15cm, so that the ditch is connected to facilitate drainage.

Third, planting time

It can be planted in spring and autumn.

IV. Planting methods

Choose cloudy days or weak sunshine in the afternoon. The border surface was covered with 2/3cm soft rotten soil according to the row spacing 30cmX 25cm, and the rooting water was watered once after planting. It should be noted that the farmers who introduced the tissue culture domesticated seedlings of Zhongnong 213 can soak the roots of the seedlings with 2-3min before termination, and the remaining liquid can be used as fixed root water in mixed irrigation.

V. Post-planting management

1. Interseedling and supplementary seedling

The year when it was planted. According to the growth status of seedlings, some of the plants that are too dense, thin and with diseases and insect pests should be properly removed and replanted in time. After replenishing the seedlings, the fixed root water should be poured thoroughly to ensure the survival of the seedlings and reasonable planting density under the Bletilla splendens forest.

2. Weeding

The seedlings of Bletilla striata are slender. Weeds cannot be suppressed. Weeds should be added frequently after planting and pulled up as soon as they see the grass. Weeding can be arranged according to the growth of weeds after the plant is mature. Chemical herbicides are prohibited.

3. Forced fertilization

Bletilla striata likes to be fat. In order to ensure the quality of medicinal materials, forced fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer or fully mature farm manure. An appropriate amount of compound fertilizer can be used. Bletilla striata can not be topdressing or a small amount of topdressing in the first year after planting.

In the second year of planting, weeding should be combined with topdressing before rain, that is, before the emergence of Bletilla striata in spring. The border surface was evenly sprinkled with organic fertilizer or fully mature farm manure, and during the peak growth period of Bletilla striata in summer, diluted human and animal manure and urine were applied on the roots, or organic fertilizer mixed with a volume ratio of about 1 × 4 compound fertilizer or fully mature farm manure.

In autumn, plant ash or fully mature farm manure can be applied to the roots according to specific conditions. The organic fertilizer or fully mature farm manure should be mixed into the soil, and the amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the soil fertility of the land. There is no forced fattening in the autumn of the year.

4. Water management

Bletilla striata likes to be wet and is not tolerant to drought. Pay attention to timely watering in case of continuous dry weather. Water is watered to keep the soil moist. Rainy season should be timely ditch drainage, avoid border area water, so as not to rot roots.

5. Winter management

Bletilla striata is not resistant to severe cold and has high-altitude planting areas frozen with ice and snow in winter. Grass should be covered on the border to protect against cold. To ensure that Bletilla striata can survive the winter safely.

VI. Pest control

Woodland with no obvious diseases and insect pests should be selected for planting. During the planting process of Bletilla striata. In early spring and late autumn, the residual leaves, withered stems and fallen leaves of dead grass should be removed in time, too dense branches and leaves or thinning too dense bamboo bushes should be removed regularly, ventilation should be strengthened, forest drainage should be kept unobstructed, and artificial weeding and irrigation should be arranged according to the situation in the growing season of Bletilla striata.

When diseases and insect pests occur. Biotherapy and physiotherapy should be given priority. When pesticides must be applied. The minimum dose and pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue and short residue period should be selected. The use of pesticides prohibited by the state is prohibited. The use of pesticides is prohibited 60 days before harvest.

1. Root rot

At the initial stage of the disease, 1% ferrous sulfate or quicklime was applied to disinfect the disease, or 0.2% solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder was sprayed once every 7 days for 2 times in a row. After the onset of the disease, pull out the diseased plant in time. Use copper sulfate 0. 2% concentration of solution irrigated the disease area.

2. Stem rot

In the early stage of the disease, the diseased plants were removed and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 0.125%-0. A solution of 167% concentration or 50% acetaminophen 0. 1% Murray 0. The solution of 125% concentration was sprayed continuously for 3 times at an interval of 7 to 10 days.

3. Leaf spot

Spray 1.1.100 Bordeaux before and at the initial stage of the disease, or 50% acetaminophen 0. 1% concentration of solution, or 65% Dyson zinc wettable powder 0.167% 0. Spray a solution of 2% concentration. Spray every 7 to 10 days, 3-4 times in a row.

4. Leaf blight

The initial stage of the disease. The spraying concentration is 0. 5% Bordeaux solution or 50% methyl topiramate 0.125% MUE 0. 2% solution or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 0. A solution of 1% concentration. Spray 3 times at intervals of 10 to 15 days.

5. Ground tiger

The adult stage. Black light or sugar, wine and vinegar trapping; larval stage, with 10% diazinon granules and 5% chlorpyrifos granules on the dry fine soil, mix well and sprinkle in the soil.

6. Beetles (grubs)

During the peak incubation period, 10% diazinon granules and 5% chlorpyrifos granules were used to treat dry fine soil. Mix well and sprinkle the soil; kill adults with black light or mercury lamp at adult stage; egg or larval stage. Mix with 1.5-2 kg of Beauveria bassiana specially used for grubs and 15-25 kg fine soil every 667m2. Apply medicine to the root.

VII. Harvest

After returning seedlings in autumn to sprouting in spring, choose sunny days to remove the residual stems and dead leaves on the ground first. Dig up the rhizome and the soil. Shake off the soil, cut off the stem, cut off the budding rhizome for seed, remove the fibrous root, rinse with clean water, boil in boiling water for 5-10 min until there is no white heart. Sun drying or ≤ 70 ℃ drying. Store in a cool, dry and ventilated place, avoid light and prevent insects.