Culture techniques of out-of-season mandarin fish

Mandarin fish has high yield and good breeding efficiency, tender and delicious meat, and mandarin fish has rich nutrition and dietotherapy effect, which can inflate blood, treat deficiency damage, benefit spleen and stomach, replenish five internal organs, and increase culture benefit by using out-of-season culture technology. The following is an introduction to out-of-season mandarin fish culture techniques.

  I. Materials and methods

1. From June 2016 to June 2017.

two。 Pond condition

There are one pond with an area of 6 mu and 5 bait fish ponds with an area of 23 mu. The soil is clay loam, the bottom of the pool is flat, the perennial water level is maintained at 1.8 to 2.0 meters, and the water intake and drainage system is perfect. The water source is abundant and the water quality is good. There is no pollution source around, the environment is quiet, the electric power is matched, and the traffic is convenient. The test pond is equipped with a 3-kilowatt micro-hole aeration facility, which is installed on a disc, and a 3-kilowatt impeller aerator is equipped with a 3-kilowatt impeller aerator for each bait fish pond.

3. Preparation before stocking

(1) Pond cleaning and disinfection: all ponds are drained at the beginning of June of that year, and excessive silt is dug out, leaving silt within 10 cm at the bottom of the pond. Let the bottom of the pond be fully exposed for 10 days, and then the pond sediment will be rotated and broken. On June 12, the pond inflow water 5 cm ~ 10 cm, sprinkled with raw lime slurry throughout the pond disinfection, the dosage of 150 kg / mu.

(2) Water intake and fertilization: on June 15, all ponds were filtered and injected 1.2 meters with 100-mesh sieve silk, and 100 kg of fully fermented livestock and poultry manure per mu was applied as base fertilizer, which was scattered under the water surface around the pond to cultivate plankton. In the early stage of culture in the experimental pond, the transparency of the water body was controlled within 30 cm, in the middle and later stage of culture, the transparency of the water body was controlled at 35-45 cm, and that in the bait fish pond was controlled at 25-35 cm.

(3) feeding and cultivation of bait fish in the original pond: wheat dace spray was purchased from Guangdong on June 20, with 300000 dace per mu. After sprinkling soybean milk continuously for 10 days, when the size of mud carp reaches 2cm, the mandarin fish is put into the pond in time, and the palatable bait fish can be caught at this time.

(4) feeding and cultivation of bait fish in special pond: on June 20, 500000 droplets of wheat dace were put in 2 bait fish ponds with a total of 8 mu. The aerator is turned on 2 hours before all the spray goes into the pond to prevent the water from being anoxic. The method of cultivating mud carp and red-eyed trout seedlings is similar to that of conventional fish fry. After the spray goes into the pond, the traditional soybean milk is sprinkled, and when the specification reaches 2cm, the crushed material is fed, and when the size is 7cm, the broken material is fed. The general protein content is about 28% of the fish feed. In order to ensure the appropriate size of bait fish, the growth rate of bait fish was controlled by the method of feed control.

(5) Seedling stocking in experimental pond: seeding stocking is shown in Table 1. Before stocking, all seedlings were soaked in 2%-4% salt water or 10% 15 mg / L potassium permanganate solution for about 10 minutes before going into the pond.

2. Feeding and management

1. Bait fish feeding

In the early stage of culture, because the mandarin fish is small, the bait fish cultivated in the original pond can meet its predation and growth needs, when the bait fish in the original pond is insufficient, the bait fish should be put in time. The following points should be paid attention to when putting bait fish:

① bait fish species. The bait fish put in from July to mid-November 2016 are mud carp cultivated in the special pond, and the bait fish put in from the middle of November to June of the following year are the red-eyed trout species cultivated in the special pond. ② bait fish were disinfected. Bait fish should be disinfected and insecticidal with 3%-4% salt water before feeding. ③ bait fish specification control. Siniperca chuatsi fish like to eat bait fish with their own body length of 1pm, 3pm, 1x2, in order to ensure that the bait fish are of the right size, one is to control the growth rate of the bait fish by controlling the feeding method, and the other is to sift the bait fish with a sieve of appropriate specifications before feeding. Control of feeding quantity and frequency of ④ bait fish. The feeding of bait fish should be determined according to the season and the feeding intensity of mandarin fish, more should be fed in summer and autumn, and should be appropriately reduced in winter and spring. In general, the food intake of mandarin fish is 5% and 12% of their body weight. The ratio of mandarin fish to bait fish should be controlled at 1 ∶ (5-10). To control the feeding frequency of bait fish: from July to September, once every 3-5 days; after October, once every 5-7 days; in winter and spring, reduce the feeding times and gradually change to once every 10-15 days. ⑤ scientifically judges the amount of bait fish stored in the pond. When the bait fish in the pond is sufficient, the mandarin fish chase the bait fish at the bottom of the pond water, and there are only sporadic small splash on the surface of the pond water, and the sound made by the mandarin fish when chasing bait fish is small and the interval time is longer; when the bait fish in the pond is insufficient, the mandarin fish chase the bait fish to the upper layer of the pond water, the water spray is big, the sound is also loud, and lasts for a long time. If mandarin fish chase bait fish in groups on the edge of the pond, it means that the bait fish in the pond has basically been eaten.

two。 Water quality management

First, timely injection of new water. After stocking, mandarin fish are injected with fresh water every 7-10 days, adding 15-20 cm of water each time, and finally keeping the depth of the pool at 1.8-2 meters. Change the water every 20-30 days, replacing 15% of the old water each time. In the early stage of culture, the transparency of the water body was controlled within 30 cm, and in the middle and later stage of culture, the transparency of the water body was maintained at 35 cm to 45 cm, and the water color maintained the yellowish green or tea brown with green algae and diatoms as the dominant species for a long time, which could effectively protect the excellent ecosystem of the water body and achieve the purpose of healthy culture. The second is to control the acidity and alkalinity of the water. During the whole culture period, the pH value of the water was kept stable at 7.5-8.5. Generally every 20 days or so, the whole pool is sprinkled with quicklime, the dosage is 1015kg / mu. The third is to effectively reduce the content of harmful and toxic substances in water. Make sure that the content of ammonia nitrogen is less than 0.3 mg / L, the content of nitrite is less than 0.1 mg / L, and no hydrogen sulfide is detected. The fourth is to maintain a high level of dissolved oxygen in the water. The start-up time and time period of the aerator are determined according to the changes of dissolved oxygen in water, and the level of dissolved oxygen in water is always above 5 mg / L day and night. In the high temperature season from July to September, the microporous aerator is opened in the first half of the night, and the microporous aerator and the impeller aerator are turned on at the same time after midnight; start at noon in sunny days for 1 to 2 hours; and continuously turn on for 24 hours in muggy and rainy days. When the power outage or oxygenation equipment can not be used due to failure, stress measures such as spraying particle oxygenator should be taken. Water quality management has always been the top priority in the process of culture management, so there is no deterioration of water quality during the whole culture period, which ensures the healthy growth of mandarin fish.

3. Disease prevention and cure

First, all fry and bait fish were disinfected with 3%-4% saline before release to kill pathogens and parasites on the body surface and Gill; second, preventive measures were taken to kill insects before disinfection every 30 to 45 days, and at the same time, feed fish feed mixed with internal medicine was given to mandarin fish for 3 days to enhance the immune resistance of mandarin fish. Microbial preparations were applied 4 ~ 5 days after each insecticidal and disinfection. During the whole period of the experiment, only a small number of parasites such as rotifer and oblique tube worm appeared, and no other diseases appeared.

III. Test results

All the unfinished bait fish in the experimental ponds and bait fish ponds will be on the market by the end of June 2017. The specific harvest of the experimental pond is shown in Table 2, the harvest of the remaining bait fish in the bait fish pond is shown in Table 3, and the input is shown in Table 4.

Output value: 541361.2 yuan.

Cost: 279540 yuan.

Profit: 261821.2 yuan, equivalent to 9028.3 yuan / mu.

IV. Summary and discussion

1. The innovative culture model of silver carp and bighead carp can fully filter and feed on plankton and organic detritus, promote algae renewal, prevent water eutrophication, and effectively inhibit the occurrence of ciliosis, because the breeding stage of ciliates mainly feed on organic detritus; the breeding of carp and fine-scaled oblique beetle are bottom fish and omnivorous, which can remove mandarin feces in time and play the role of "cleaning the home".

two。 To optimize the aquaculture water quality in the whole production process of this experiment, one is to keep the pH value of the water at 7.5-8.5. Timely use quicklime to adjust pH value, balance acidity and alkalinity, improve water hardness and water buffer capacity. The second is the regular application of microbial preparations. All kinds of organic matter in water quality and sediment can be effectively degraded by the application of microbial preparation. The third is to maintain a high level of dissolved oxygen in the water. This experiment is equipped with micro-hole aerator and impeller aerator with sufficient power to increase oxygen timely, balance the level of dissolved oxygen in the pond, ensure that the level of dissolved oxygen in water reaches more than 5 mg / L day and night, and promote the healthy growth of mandarin fish.

3. The development of high-quality food fish for many years, the food fish of mandarin fish culture mainly depends on wheat dace, because wheat dace is a warm water fish, which can not survive the winter in the Yangtze River basin, resulting in the lack of efficient food fish matching, which restricts the development of out-of-season culture of mandarin fish. In recent years, red-eyed trout as a complete set of bait fish has been successfully developed in this area, and seedling breeding has become large-scale, which lays a foundation for out-of-season culture and balanced listing of mandarin fish. Red-eyed trout, as a matching bait fish for mandarin fish culture, has a large number of eggs, fast growth, miscellaneous food habits and strong adaptability. the breeding period (May-September) covers the whole mandarin fish culture cycle, and the seedling culture yield can reach about 1500 kg / mu. As a bait fish, it is significantly better than wheat mud carp.

4. To control the growth specification of mandarin fish, by controlling the stocking density of mandarin fish and the amount of bait fish, the average specification of mandarin fish was controlled within 300 grams at the end of the year, so as to meet the appropriate commodity specifications for sale in June of the following year.

5. The price of mandarin fish fluctuates obviously in recent years. When mandarin fish are on the market at the end of the year, the price is generally 40-50 yuan / kg, while the price of mandarin fish from May to June soars to 80,100 yuan / kg.

The out-of-season culture cost of mandarin fish has increased by less than 20%, but the price has nearly doubled and the benefit has increased by more than 50%.

Mandarin fish out-of-season culture has great efficiency potential and good development prospects. Experienced farmers can try out-of-season culture!

Do not know the policy of benefiting farmers? The market is not clear? Do not understand the hot spots of agriculture, rural areas and farmers? Follow Henan Science and Technology News "New Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers" Wechat official account: hnkjbxsn, the information on agriculture, rural areas and farmers is all in hand. ) operator: Wei Yubo MX008