The planting method of potted cactus: how to grow cactus? What kind of fertilizer do you use to raise it thick and strong?

In the process of conserving cactus flowers and plants, many people often go into the misunderstanding of cultivation: as long as the plants are exposed to the sun all the year round, given high temperature and drought conditions, and planted with coarse sand, such flowers can be cultivated well. In fact, the cultivation and management of cactus flowers must be maintained according to the origin, morphology and habits of different species and varieties.

According to the origin and morphology, cactus flowers are divided into terrestrial type and epiphytic type. Terrestrial cactus is native to arid desert or semi-desert regions of tropical and subtropical America. The stem is spherical and columnar, and the leaf is needle-like. The rainy season is from April to October every year, and the water-absorbing growth period is from October to March of the following year. Epiphytic cactus is native to the tropical rain forest, with flat stems, few thorns, no dormancy or inconspicuous, requiring semi-shady, year-round warm, humid and high air humidity.

1. Change the basin

(1) time to change the basin

Turning the basin and changing soil is usually carried out once a year in spring (mid-March to early April) or autumn (September to early mid-October). Watering should be stopped 3-5 days before changing the basin. When changing the basin, first take the plant out of the basin, shake the soil of the root, cut off the old root, rotten root and semi-withered root, be careful not to cut off the main root, that is, the so-called "radish root", the healthy root leaves only 3~4cm length, put the plant after root cutting in a cool and ventilated place to dry for 5 days and 6 days and then replant, so that the root is fast and good. If there is a young plant next to the old plant, it can be broken off, the root system will be properly pruned, and then planted to become a new plant.

(2) preparation, disinfection and planting of cultivated soil

For terrestrial species, 5 parts of loam, 3 parts of peat soil or rotten leaf soil, 2 parts of coarse sand, and a little hydrated lime or old wall dust ash can be used to prepare calcareous sandy soil or sandy loam with good drainage and permeability; epiphytes can be used to compost soil, coarse sand, peat soil, plus a little bone powder to prepare neutral or slightly acidic drainage containing more humus and fertile culture soil with good water retention. After the culture soil is prepared, it is sprayed with 40% formaldehyde 50 times liquid 400~500ml per cubic meter, sprinkle on the culture soil and mix evenly in the first 10-20 days, cover it with plastic film, open the film one week before planting, and plant after the smell of the medicine has dissipated. When planting new plants, a layer of screen should be placed on the drainage hole at the bottom of the flowerpot to prevent insect pests, and then cover tiles and other things on the yarn net to facilitate drainage. The basin soil is added to the 2~3cm from the basin mouth to facilitate watering later. As the soil is moist, it is not necessary to water immediately after planting. It can be watered once after 7-10 days. The planted plants should be maintained in a place with bright light and no direct sunlight, germinate new roots after about 10 days, water again, and return to normal management.

2. Cultivation and management techniques

(1) watering and spraying

Terrestrial cactus has obvious growth period and dormant period, the growing period should be watered, the dormant period should be watered less or even no watering. For epiphytic type, if the winter temperature is kept above 12 ℃, it can be watered and sprayed all the year round; if the winter temperature is kept below 12 ℃, watering can be reduced and stopped. Water temperature should be close to soil temperature as far as possible, early (before sunrise) and late (after sunset) in summer, from 10:00 to 11:00 in winter, and directly onto basin soil, otherwise the appearance of thorns will be affected. In addition, it is necessary to sprinkle water on the ground in summer to increase air humidity.

(2) fertilization

Fertilization should grasp the following principles: timely, appropriate amount, depending on the object. Fertilization is carried out in spring and autumn, and once every 20 days, it should be carried out in the early morning or evening on a sunny day. If the basin soil is dry, sprinkle some water on the basin soil and then apply fertilizer with a concentration of 0.05%-0.2%. The effect is better if it is watered once the next morning. Terrestrial fertilization requires fertilizers rich in potassium and phosphorus and less nitrogen, while epiphytic fertilizers require more nitrogen fertilizer.

(3) Lighting

Terrestrial type prefers plenty of sunshine, especially in winter. Generally, tall, cylindrical and flat cacti are more resistant to strong light and can be placed outdoors without sunshade in summer, while smaller spherical ones prefer semi-overcast conditions in summer, covering the top growing point of Jinzhu with a circular plastic film in June and August in summer high temperature season, so that all parts of the sphere grow evenly. Epiphytic cacti require semi-overcast conditions all the year round.

(4) temperature

The suitable temperature for cactus growth is between 20 and 35 ℃. The terrestrial type does not require a high temperature during the dormancy period in winter, but the temperature can be maintained at 4: 7 ℃ while keeping the basin soil dry. Epiphytic type, however, requires a higher temperature in winter to maintain a temperature of 10-13 ℃ or higher. When the cactus reaches 30: 35 ℃ in summer, the growth rate of most cacti slows down, and sometimes some kinds of stems turn yellow or burn, so the sun must be shaded and more water must be sprinkled on the ground to lower the temperature.

(5) Air

Cactus flowers are mostly native to desert open areas, with good ventilation and fresh air. Therefore, in the hot weather in midsummer, we should do a good job of ventilation and cooling in the cultivation site. The cultivation greenhouse should choose a well-ventilated environment and set up more vents such as windows and skylights to facilitate ventilation in the hot summer weather. If necessary, equipment such as exhaust fans, hair dryers or electric fans can also be installed to enhance the air circulation effect of the environment, so as to promote cactus flowers to spend the summer safely.

(6) Diseases and insect pests

Bacteria and fungi are harmful to cactus flowers, but the problem is not very serious. As long as cultivation conditions are improved, management measures are appropriate, prevention and eradication of diseases and pests are applied at the same time, it is easy to achieve good results. The more common diseases and insect pests are:

1. Rot. The pathogens are bacteria and fungi. The occurrence of this disease is often related to improper watering, poor drainage of basin soil and persistent excessive dampness. After discovering the diseased plant, immediately cut off the diseased tissue with a sharp knife, and apply charcoal powder or sulfur powder in the incision, at the same time control watering or changing pots, cutting or grafting separately. It is best to spray 40% copper oxychloride suspension 800-1000 times regularly on planting sites and plants as a precaution, but mainly to improve ventilation and avoid persistent excessive moisture.

two。 Insects and other animals. There are mainly shell insects, red spiders and slugs. To control scale insects, 50% omethoate emulsion can be sprayed 1000 times, red spiders can be sprayed with 20% dicofol wettable powder or 40% dicofol EC 1000 times, rodent and tide insects can be sprayed with 2000 times liquid, flower racks and around flowerpots can be sprayed with 2000 times liquid for snails and slugs, lime powder can be sprayed around flower pots, and 8% diclofenac granules can also be applied. To control cockroaches and ants, you can put drugs or sugar water to kill cockroaches and ants and kill trichlorfon.

Cactus flowers are divided into two categories in cultivation: terrestrial cactus and epiphytic cactus. These two kinds of cactus flowers have very different requirements for temperature, light and water in the overwintering area. However, the author believes that the overwintering management of them should start in autumn. After mid-autumn, palm plants should receive as much light as possible. After entering the late autumn, watering should be controlled gradually until watering is stopped. When necessary, a small amount of potassium chloride solution can be applied to increase the plant humoral concentration and enhance the cold resistance. In the late autumn to early winter, do not rush to let palm flowers into the house too early. The plants should be exposed to full light during the day and exercise at low temperature at night. If there is no cold wave, palm flowers can not enter the room until the lowest temperature drops to 4 ℃ at night. Don't stop in the middle. The palm flowers treated in this way generally have enhanced tolerance to low temperature, which is conducive to overwintering.

Geophytic cactus originated in arid areas, extremely drought-tolerant, mostly dormant habits. After the beginning of winter, watering should be absolutely prohibited to keep the basin soil dry and promote it to enter a dormant state. If the temperature is not lower than 2 ℃-5 ℃, it can survive the winter safely. Because palms are the most resistant to cold during dormancy. If improper watering is carried out in winter, their dormancy is broken and their physiological activity is restored, then the cold tolerance of the plant is reduced and () it is easy to freeze and rot. If the room temperature is too low when overwintering, the plant can be covered with plastic to keep warm. Even when necessary, the plants can be wrapped in cotton and straw and stored in wooden boxes and cabinets. Even if the temperature is below 0 ℃, it can survive the winter safely. Sometimes in the case of more flowers planted in the family and poor conditions of limited space, after winter, when the potted soil is dry, the plants can be removed, the bare roots wrapped in cotton and straw, and stored in boxes or cabinets, which not only saves space, but also keeps warm. When the temperature rises to 10 ℃, remove the wrapping material, put it in the pot again, put it in the room and dry place, make it adapt to the sunlight gradually, and spray and water properly at noon to make it grow again gradually. Although this has some impact on plant growth in the coming year, it is also a good way to survive the winter for families with lack of space and poor thermal insulation facilities.

Epiphytic cactus is native to tropical rain forests with high air humidity, such as epiphyllum, lotus, crab claw orchid and so on. They also need higher temperature and air humidity in winter, and there is no dormant period, so overwintering management is more difficult than terrestrial cactus. We need to create an ideal overwintering environment for them. The author assembles a 5% thick glass box next to the southbound window, the bottom of the box is covered with a layer of charcoal ash, and the box is equipped with a 100w light bulb for heating up. The cactus is placed in the box, covered with plastic film, and the basin is buried in charcoal ash. When the weather is fine, properly lift the film for ventilation, cover with plastic film if the weather is bad, cover with quilts or straw curtains if necessary, and light the light bulb to heat up. Even on a sunny night, the glass case should be covered with straw curtains or quilts to keep warm. In this way, the temperature in the box is generally maintained between 12 ℃ and 13 ℃. Usually, a small amount of water can be watered to keep the basin soil in a semi-dry state. Usually, it is also necessary to sprinkle water on the wall of the glass box as appropriate to keep a large amount of air humidity in the glass box. This can meet the water needs of epiphytic cactus, make the plant maintain a low level of growth, and be conducive to the growth and flowering of the second year. It is explained here that if there is no glass box, using double-layer plastic film to build an insulation shed for the same management can also make epiphytic cactus survive the winter safely.

Because the fleshy flowers of cactus are peculiar in shape, easy to cultivate and purify indoor air, many people are interested in growing cactus. So, how can we raise cactus well? The author thinks that there are the following aspects:

1. Temperature: the cactus likes high temperature and dry environment. In winter, the room temperature should be kept above 20 ℃ during the day and not less than 10 ℃ at night. Too low temperature is easy to cause root rot, but if the temperature is too high, it is easy to cause the harm of scale insects.

2. Lighting: cactus requires plenty of sunshine, but it can not be exposed to strong light in summer and needs to be properly shielded. Indoor cultivation, can be illuminated by light to make it grow healthily.

3. Soil: cactus is suitable for the growth of sandy loam with good drainage, and artificial culture soil is often selected for indoor cultivation, which is usually mixed with peat soil and fine sand, and can also be planted with crushed pine needles mixed with fine sand.

4. Watering: the cactus requires a dry environment, afraid of stagnant water in the basin soil, and usually keeps the basin soil "dry and wet". It is best to use dried water.

5. Fertilization: when the cactus changes the soil, apply a small amount of base fertilizer to the bottom of the basin, such as horseshoe slices, bean cakes or sesame sauce dregs. During the growing period, the fermented organic fertilizer liquid fertilizer should be irrigated every semimonthly (the concentration should be 20%), and the fertilizer concentration should not be too high.

6. Pest control: in the environment of high temperature and poor ventilation, diseases and insect pests are easy to occur. Diseases can be sprayed with carbendazim or topiramate, and pests can be killed by spraying dimethoate. No matter what kind of liquid is sprayed, it should be carried out outdoors.

Cactus can be grafted and propagated, generally using the method of parallel grafting, and the rootstocks can choose trigonous arrows or robust palms. The specific methods are as follows: first, cut off the top of the rootstock, cross-cut the base of the scion, butt the two, and then tie them with string. After two weeks, the rope can be removed.

(article / vegetable bar caiba_org)