The basic introduction of Rhizoma Curcumae

Research progress on the cultivation of zedoary turmeric

Abstract: zedoary turmeric is one of the legal sources of zedoary turmeric, which mainly contains volatile oil and curcumin, in which volatile oil is the effective anti-tumor component of zedoary turmeric, and curcumin is the main effective ingredient of reducing blood lipid, antioxidation and anti-inflammation of zedoary turmeric, which has high medicinal and economic value. The research progress of cultivation techniques of zedoary turmeric was reviewed in this paper. Zedoary turmeric planting areas are generally lack of standardized cultivation management and other problems. Therefore, to accurately grasp the cultivation techniques of zedoary in South China, the author summarized the research progress of zedoary cultivation in South China from the aspects of seedling cultivation, field planting and management, fertilizer and water operation, pest control and so on. The development trend of zedoary turmeric industry is prospected, and it is pointed out that pollution-free standardized cultivation and prolonging the industrial chain are the fundamental ways for the sustainable development of zedoary turmeric industry, so as to improve the yield and economic benefits of zedoary turmeric.

Key words: zedoary turmeric; cultivation techniques; research progress

1. Introduction

Turmeric is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal materials. It is Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling, C.longa L., C. kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C. F. Liang or C.phaeocaulis Val. Dry tuber root [1]. Zedoary turmeric mainly contains volatile oils and curcumins, as well as resins, sugars, fatty acids, sterols, peptides, alkaloids and trace elements, in which volatile oil is the effective anti-tumor component of zedoary turmeric. Curcumin is the main effective ingredient of reducing blood lipid, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation of zedoary turmeric. Zedoary is mainly produced in Guangxi, Guizhou and other places [3]. About 50% of the demand for zedoary turmeric in the domestic market is used in the production of prepared slices of traditional Chinese medicine, and nearly 50% is used in proprietary Chinese medicines and extracts and preparations. In addition to medicine, zedoary turmeric can also be used as pigments, dyes and pesticides, so it has great potential for development in domestic and international markets.

At present, the research on zedoary is mainly focused on medicinal components, pharmacology and clinical application, but there are few high-yield cultivation techniques of zedoary. The research on the cultivation technology of zedoary is of great significance to improve the economic benefits of farmers. it can be used as a high-benefit industry to make farmers get rid of poverty and become rich. In order to accurately grasp the cultivation techniques of zedoary turmeric in South China, the research progress on the cultivation techniques of zedoary turmeric was carried out in order to provide reference for the production of high-yield and high-efficiency zedoary turmeric medicinal materials.

two。 Study on key cultivation techniques of Rhizoma Curcumae 2.1 Variety selection

Select varieties suitable for planting in South China, such as Guangxi Curcuma, Wenyujin and Rhizoma Zedoariae.

2.2 preparation of ginger

Before sowing, two or three straight rhizomes with diameter above 20mm and length above 50mm, or alpinia officinalis with diameter above 15mm and length above 70mm, were selected for planting ginger. Moldy rhizomes were injured and could not be used as ginger. Before planting, cut a large zedoary seed longitudinally into two pieces, do not hurt the buds, wait for the cut to dry, or dip the cut into plant ash.

2.3 selection and preparation of land

Choose dry land and sloping land with rich organic matter, good fertility, sufficient sunshine, good drainage and loam soil. Ploughing and harrowing was carried out 1 ~ 2 times before planting, and the depth was 20 ~ 25 cm. It was not suitable to dig deeply, so as to make the ploughing layer loose and smooth. After ploughing, drying the soil for more than a month, using 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer per mu and 1500-2000 kilograms of mixed cow manure as base fertilizer, then raking and leveling the soil [7]. Flat land from fine beds, sloping land from large beds, in order to facilitate drainage and waterproofing and proper moisturizing. 2.4 sowing

In the first ten days of April, the planting density of Rhizoma Zedoariae was 35 cm × 30 cm, and the plant number per mu was 4800 to 5200 plants, applying stable fertilizer and turf ash mixed fertilizer with 3000 kg per 667m2. After application, there was a layer of soil on top of the fertilizer, one stem per hole, about 15 grams per hole, with 1 bud and 2 buds. The bud eyes were upward, 5 cm deep, covered with soil, covered with a layer of straw and watered thoroughly. The use of seeds per mu is about 125 kg. 2.5 fertilization

When planting potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 30kg to 50kg per mu as seed fertilizer, we should be careful not to apply it too close to the zedoary head seed, but between the two plants. In June and July, topdressing was applied twice according to the growth status of seedlings. Every time use urea, potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate is the best) 5 kilograms per mu, sprinkle after rain. Conditional topdressing with biogas slurry, human feces and urine, oil bran fermentation broth, plant ash and other leaching is better [7]. The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by zedoary varies with the growth period. generally speaking, the absorption of nitrogen is the most, and the absorption of phosphorus and potassium is similar. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was the highest at 99 days after seedling emergence, and the total absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period was 0.38 and 0.37 [8]. 2.6 Disease and pest control

The principle of pest control is to give priority to comprehensive control, giving priority to agricultural prevention, biological control, physical and mechanical prevention and control, and chemical prevention as the last measure.

Main pests: ginger butterflies (commonly known as green maggots) and locusts (locusts). If a large number of locusts occur in the growing season, thoroughly clean the countryside after harvest, burn dead branches and leaves, kill overwintering eggs or spray with 80-1000 times of 90% crystal trichlorfon at the early stage of larval occurrence. Soil tigers (commonly known as ground silkworms), grubs (commonly known as ground turtle maggots), mole crickets, crickets can be applied with phoxim or poisonous soil, or 15 ~ 20kg tea cakes per mu can be mashed into fine powder and retted with water for about a week, and then 50kg will be added and applied as base fertilizer before sowing. Root-knot nematode disease was controlled by rotation or application of Paecilomyces lilacinus (nematode) [5pc7].

The main disease: ① leaf spot, which can be controlled by topiramate. ② Ling syndrome. Take agricultural measures as the main prevention measures: selecting healthy zedoary head as seed and seed disinfection (soaking seeds with 500x strong chlorine for 20 minutes); selecting new land for planting without continuous cropping; root rot, filling nests with crops such as Gramineae and rape or 1500-2000 times of bacterial powder or Trichoderma preparation [5Jing 7]. 2.7 plastic film mulching

Plastic film mulching cultivation has a good promoting effect on the yield components of zedoary [9]. Xi Shu through the method of covering film, using "three shelter" technology (cold shelter, rain shelter, sun shelter) cultivation, the effect is outstanding. The first is to prevent the growth of weeds; the second is to keep the soil loose; the third is to keep moisture constant; and the fourth is to protect fertilizer and increase efficiency. Give full play to the advantages of loose soil and good permeability to make zedoary turmeric grow Bodhisattva, large, high yield and easy harvest [10]. 3 harvesting and processing 3.1 harvesting

In November and December of that year, the above ground was harvested when it withered. A week before mining, the dry stems and leaves of the aboveground parts were pulled out, the roots and roots were dug out, the soil was shaken off, and the "old man", infected roots and roots were buried and destroyed to prevent the spread of the disease. The leaves are accumulated and stored in the field, and the next year they are used to cover ridges or put into organic fertilizer decay pool to decompose into organic fertilizer and return to the soil [5]. Take off the root tuber, cut off the fibrous root on the rhizome, and stack the rhizome and tuber root separately [11]. 3.2 processing

Wash the rhizome and root tuber, steam in a steamer or add noodle water in a pot for 1.5 minutes and 2.0 hours, cook until heart-penetrating, remove and dry on a clean drying ground. The root tuber is dried into commercial turmeric, and the rhizome is cut into thick slices and dried into commercial zedoary [11]. Or the medicinal materials steamed to the heart are dried in the oven according to the rhizome and the root tuber respectively, the drying temperature is not more than 50 ℃, the drying time is determined according to the drying quantity and the drying degree, and the water content of the rhizome is not more than 14%, and the water content of the root tuber is not more than 15%. After the drying is completed, weigh and record and mark respectively [5]. 3.3 seed retention technique

Harvest at the right time according to the requirements of growing ginger. Stop irrigation one week before harvest, cut off the aboveground stems and leaves, and transport them out of the field in time, so as to reduce the disease of tubers and accelerate the corkiness of young roots. Mechanical damage and frost should be avoided during harvest. After digging up the plant from the original seed nursery and improved seed breeding ground, separate the rhizome, shake off the mud on the rhizome, retain the whisker root on the rhizome, and remove the substandard rhizome for sowing ginger in the next year. Ginger should be properly stored to prevent mixing, disease and rotten seeds [5]. 3.4 Storage

The warehouse of traditional Chinese medicine should be kept clean and ventilated, dry, protected from light and mildew at all times, and the temperature and humidity should be recorded in real time to ensure that it meets the storage requirements of no more than 20 ℃ and 45-75% humidity. The distance between the medicinal materials stored on the goods shelf and the wall and roof is not less than 30cm, and the distance from the ground is not less than 10cm. Check regularly for moth, mildew, decay, grease and other phenomena [5]. 4 summary

As a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, zedoary turmeric has a broad application prospect in the export of raw materials and food health care, and has great development value, and the economic benefits produced by the cultivation of zedoary turmeric are considerable, which can be used as a planting demonstration project to drive farmers to get rich. Very attractive [12]. Therefore, through the study of the progress of cultivation technology, we can establish the standards and methods of cultivation techniques and management of South China zedoary and zedoary medicinal materials, carry out large-scale cultivation, and make use of the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy to speed up the research and development of zedoary production machinery. gradually realize the mechanization of zedoary production, ensure the quality of medicinal materials, will be conducive to guide agricultural large-scale production, has far-reaching significance, so as to improve the yield and economic benefits of zedoary. 5. Prospect

Nowadays, although the cultivation of zedoary turmeric is standardized, there are continuous cropping obstacles in the cultivation of zedoary turmeric, so how to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle is an important research topic in the future. Zedoary is usually used as rhizome in medicine, which leads to a large number of stems and leaves being discarded and resulting in waste. How to make full use of the stems and leaves of zedoary is an urgent problem to be solved [13]. How to make organic wastes recycled and mechanized cultivation is also a research topic in the future.

Because zedoary turmeric has good anti-cancer effect, a large number of drugs processed with zedoary turmeric as raw materials have been put on the market, its application prospect is very broad, and the demand for it is huge. Now life, with the continuous increase of cancer patients, the amount of zedoary is also more and more, which requires not only sufficient raw materials, but also good quality in the future. For this reason, the following aspects need to be further studied: to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in production to reduce land waste; to develop and utilize the stems and leaves of zedoary turmeric to reduce the waste of resources and to reuse organic wastes; to establish a reasonable quality evaluation standard or system to ensure the quality of medicinal materials; to explore the pharmacological effects of multi-components to provide the basis for new drug research and development.

How to extend the industrial chain, in the aspect of developing medicine, it is necessary to use modern molecular biology technology to screen and search for molecular markers of important characters of medicinal plants, to carry out molecular marker breeding of traditional Chinese medicine, artificial regulation of the quality of traditional Chinese medicine and the production of genetic engineering drugs. It will be a new subject of traditional Chinese medicine in the 21st century [14].

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