How to plant cherry trees? Planting techniques of Cherry trees in greenhouse

In recent years, with the development of facility agriculture, the planting area of cherry trees in greenhouse is also expanding. As the greenhouse cherry tree has the characteristics of low investment and high output value, it is a popular mode of production by fruit farmers and can achieve considerable economic benefits. So, how to plant cherry trees?

First, choose a suitable garden.

1. Construction of shed: choose loam or sandy loam with leeward facing sun, sufficient light, flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation and loose soil. According to the heat dissipation of the shed, the area of the greenhouse should be 300 Murray 400 square meters.

two。 Timely buckle shed: generally, it should be built in a single slope greenhouse in the east-west direction. In order to reduce the cost, soil can be used to hit the north wall, which is 3 meters high from the east-west wall and 3.5 meters high from the north wall. It is supported by plaster strips (with steel bars). The south wall is 2.5 meters high, with work doors and ventilation windows on the east and west walls. The window is 1.5 meters high from the ground, and the north and south walls are glued with mud (except windows). Used to protect against cold and heat preservation. The gypsum strip (with steel bar) in the shed is used as the main column. Row spacing of 3.5 meters, the top of the column with bamboo as a skeleton, connecting the south wall and the north wall, tied into a square of 50 cm, covered with no dripping film. Put another layer of straw curtain on the film. The time of withholding the shed is between late December and early January.

II. Variety selection

1. The purpose of establishing greenhouse cherry is to put cherries on the market early so as to obtain higher economic benefits, so the excellent varieties with early maturity and high self-flowering fruit setting rate should be selected in the variety selection. Such as red light, bright red, cinnabar, sharp leaves and other varieties. At the same time, pollination trees should be allocated according to the proportion of 4:1 (such as Rabins or Steinler). To prevent self-flowering low seed setting rate, low quality and so on.

two。 Select strong seedlings or strong trees for close planting cultivation: in order to make more economical use of land, early benefits can be seen. Cherry seedlings should choose strong seedlings with strong root system, many whisker roots, stout seedlings and full buds, or primary fruit trees with shorter body and more bore branches at the age of 5-8 years. Mountain cherry rootstocks should be selected, and dwarfing rootstocks (such as Caiyang dwarf cherry) should be used as interstocks. Strong trees that have borne fruit should be sprayed with appropriate amount of paclobutrazol to inhibit their growth. The planting density of strong seedlings in the greenhouse should be controlled when the row spacing is 2 m × 3 m or 1 m × 2 m, and that of strong seedlings can be controlled at 3 m × 4 m.

Third, shaping and pruning

1. For the convenience of shaping and pruning, the natural happy shape or free spinning tree shape is mainly used. The crown of this kind of tree is small, suitable for close planting, easy to shape and bear fruit early. Cherry trees grow vigorously, stand upright and are not easy to open. In spring, the sap flows or after August-September in autumn, apple branches are pulled. The opening angle is generally 50 degrees, 80 degrees, in order to ease the tree potential and increase the number of flowers. In order to promote branches and contribute to flower bud differentiation, the growing branches should be shortened before sprouting in spring to promote new branches and broad crowns. The lateral buds on the missing branches or long branches were carved into buds to promote the growth of new branches and increase the number of fruiting branches. When the new shoot is coring in summer, the top tip can be cut off 10 cm when the main branch lengthens the long branch and the central leading branch grows to 30ml 40cm, while the rest of the branch and the main branch on the back are cut short by 5ml 10cm. The growing branches can be coring for the second time, and the strong branches on the back can be picked continuously to promote the formation of fruiting branches.

two。 Paclobutrazol was applied. When paclobutrazol was applied 2-3 years after planting, when the tree had more branches, the flower promotion effect was significant. The application method can be applied by soil or spraying, and the suitable time is from late April to late May. Generally 2-3-year-old trees, 1.5 grams per tree and 3 grams for strong trees.

3. Improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality. Due to the high temperature and poor ventilation in the greenhouse, auxiliary pollination at flowering stage is very important. Peak release or artificial pollination can be used to improve the fruit setting rate. At the same time, 0.3% urea + 0.3% borax or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed every 10 days to increase the fruit setting rate. At the initial stage of fruit coloring, properly remove the light-blocking leaves, cover the canopy with reflective film under the crown, pull the reflective curtain on the north wall, and spray "Hongguo 88" twice can promote fruit coloring and early ripening.

IV. Soil, fertilizer and water management

Cherry is very sensitive to soil moisture and is neither drought-resistant nor waterlogged. Therefore, it is necessary to choose loose and permeable soil, use less quick-acting chemical fertilizer and more organic fertilizer. Cherry watering does not require warm irrigation, but requires "water over the ground wet". The fertilizer was applied once before germination, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. From February to March, special fertilizer for fruit trees was applied, and the amount of fertilizer applied per plant was 0.2mur0.4 kg. At the same time, according to the implementation situation, foliar fertilizer was sprayed twice in the flowering and fruiting stage. After fruit harvest, phosphorus and potassium are mainly used to promote flower bud differentiation. Base fertilizer is applied in autumn, mainly soil fertilizer, with 2000 kg of soil fertilizer per mu. The above fertilizer should be watered once each time.

Fifth, temperature control in the shed

The temperature control in the cherry greenhouse is very important. once the control is unreasonable, freezing injury may occur, resulting in low fruit setting rate, fruit and leaf decay and so on. Therefore, after buckling the shed, special attention should be paid to the regulation and control of temperature. The operating doors and ventilation windows should be fully open within 4 days. 3Mel closes the operation door and ventilation window gradually in 10 days, gradually covers the grass curtain at night after 10 days, raises the temperature, when the temperature rises to 16 ℃, ventilates from 10:00 to 17:00 every day, closes the ventilation window and covers the grass curtain after 17:00 (every day after the sun comes out, opens the straw curtain, after buckling the shed to before flowering, the temperature in the shed should be controlled by covering plastic film, the suitable humidity is 70% 80%, and the suitable humidity during flowering is 50% 60%. It can be controlled by hygroscopic agent. The suitable humidity from young fruit to coloring period is 60% Murray 70%, which can be controlled by ventilation. From coloring to harvest, the suitable humidity is 60%, 70%, and the film needs to be ventilated until the film is removed step by step. After the harvest period, the film can be removed completely, and fertilizing and watering are needed to strengthen the underground management.

VI. Pest control

The main diseases of cherry trees are peach bacterial perforation and round spot. Before germination, the whole tree is sprayed with Baume 5-degree stone sulfur mixture. The foliar spray of 200 times lime Bordeaux solution in late June and late July can also control leaf-eating pests of diamondback moth.

[editor's conclusion] planting cherry trees in greenhouse in early spring can make cherries appear on the market earlier and has high economic value.