A large number of rural young and middle-aged people go to cities and the elderly become the main force of farming.

A few days ago, the good news of a bumper harvest of autumn grain came that the total grain output for the whole year is expected to exceed 1.1 trillion jin, increasing for eight consecutive years. However, a large number of rural young and middle-aged labor force into cities and towns, in many places, the elderly have become the main force of farming, aging has gradually become a hidden worry of agricultural development. Young people do not want to grow grain, and will not grow grain, which can not help but make people worry, who will grow grain tomorrow?

Going to the city or farming? This is a long-standing problem. Since the founding of New China, we have experienced two vigorous urbanization processes.

From 1949 to 1958, a large number of rural young and middle-aged labor force went to the cities. New China absorbed a large number of rural labor force in the process of industrialization. The major central cities experienced the first expansion, and the urban economy developed vigorously. When the carrying capacity of the city was overloaded, urban managers froze the flow of rural population to the city, the household registration system was established in 1958, the dual structure of urban and rural areas was formally established, and the channel of the flow of rural labor to the city was blocked.

In the process of industrialization, the one-way flow of rural population to cities is irreversible. After 1984, in the modernization process called for by reform and opening up, first the southeast coast, and then spread to large and medium-sized cities, the vigorous development of processing industry and light industry needs a large number of labor force. The relaxation of the household registration and ticket system is inevitable. The abolition of food stamps and other tickets makes it possible for young and middle-aged people in rural areas to move to cities, and hundreds of millions of migrant workers have joined the ranks of migrant workers.

Now there are many "second-generation migrant workers". They lived with their parents who went to work in the city at an early age, and now they are in harmony with the city. They are more familiar with the city than the countryside, and the land is very strange to them. They work in the city, live in the city, consume in the city, and struggle to study in the city's schools; but with a hukou, water is still water, milk is still milk.

In the process of the massive transfer of hundreds of millions of rural young and middle-aged labor force to the cities, we have had a bumper grain harvest for eight consecutive years. However, does the bumper harvest in successive years increase the income of farmers?

For the country, food security is the most fundamental and basic strategy of the country. Don't panic if you have food in your hand. For China, a large developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, it is of great significance to ensure effective food supply and achieve self-sufficiency. In recent years, the policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers has been continuously strengthened, and the policies and measures to support agriculture and grain production have effectively reduced the burden on farmers. However, with the increase of the cost of growing grain and the rise of prices, the income of farmers growing grain is reduced.

In sharp contrast to the low income from growing grain, the income from working has become the main source of cash for farmers. There are some problems in some places, such as the conglomeration of agriculture, the hollowing out of rural areas, the aging of rural labor force and so on. It is reported that in 2010, the per capita wage income of rural residents was 2431 yuan, and the contribution rate of wage income to the annual income increase of rural residents reached 48.3%.

No one can stop the sight of those who travel in a hurry in the countryside. Although "the capital is expensive, it is not easy to live in a large city", but the attraction of the city to the rural population, especially the "second-generation migrant workers" is indestructible. For migrant workers, land is only equivalent to their social security. In case of unexpected events, they can avoid it for a while. When the international financial storm hit in 2008, many migrant workers returned to their hometown to take refuge.

Only by improving the social security level of migrant farmers, solving their worries on such issues as low-rent housing, medical insurance and their children's schooling, and at the same time letting the rural contracted land get rid of the embarrassing role of "social security" and make the land flow more smoothly, can agricultural management gradually achieve specialization and intensification.

To develop modern agriculture, let a group of new professional farmers with knowledge, management and management to grow grain, so that specialized, mechanized and intensive agricultural production has become an important mode of agricultural production in China under the background of urbanization. Only when agricultural production gets rid of the shackles of natural economy and becomes an "emerging" industry with high efficiency and low consumption, will the national policy of benefiting farmers produce magnifying effect. We can not only ensure that farmers in cities can get more affordable and reliable social security outside the land, but also create a new model of efficient and safe grain production, so that grain farmers have a sense of achievement and a sense of belonging both spiritually and materially.