The dilemma of employment and recruitment of migrant workers has become the norm. 2 million people have returned home to start their own businesses.

At a regular policy briefing held by the State Council on February 28, Yang Zhiming, director of the Office of the State Council leading Group for migrant Workers and Vice Minister of Human Resources and Social Security, said that the employment scale of migrant workers in China continues to expand, professional skills continue to improve, and wages increase steadily. However, the total number of migrant workers, the number of people going out and the increase in wage income have "three declines", and the structural contradiction between employment and recruitment "dilemma" will become the norm.

There are a total of 274 million migrant workers in China.

In 2014, the total number of migrant workers in the country reached 274 million, an increase of 5.01 million over the previous year, an increase of 1.9 percent, and the year-on-year growth rate dropped 0.5 percentage points. Of these, 168 million were migrant workers, an increase of 2.11 million over the previous year, an increase of 1.3 percent, and a year-on-year growth rate of 0.4 percentage points.

"judging from the situation in recent years, the total number of migrant workers has increased, the growth rate has declined, and there have been new changes in distribution. Migrant workers are changing from unlimited supply to limited supply, it can be said that it is no longer an inexhaustible reservoir. " Yang Zhiming pointed out that the number of new migrant workers has declined year by year since it reached 12.45 million in 2010.

In addition, from the perspective of regional distribution of employment, the growth of the central and western regions is faster than that of the eastern region; from the perspective of industry distribution, migrant workers account for 81.8% of the construction industry, 73.6% of the manufacturing industry, 67.4% of the catering service industry, and the proportion of migrant workers in the general service industry is on the rise. Yang Zhiming said that the slowdown in economic growth has put pressure on the total employment growth of migrant workers, and the structural contradiction of the "dilemma" in employment and recruitment will become the norm.

"the employment of migrant workers is changing from a large total to the employment dilemma of employment and recruitment, which is the result of market demand. General labor recruitment is difficult to reflect the limited supply of migrant workers, and skilled labor recruitment is difficult to reflect the shortage of skilled personnel in the process of transformation and upgrading. " Yang Zhiming said.

Wage income growth slows down

Data show that in 2014, the average monthly income of migrant workers in China was 2864 yuan, an increase of 2.5 yuan or 9.8% over the previous year. While the wage level of migrant workers continues to rise, it also shows a trend of slowing down income growth. From unlimited supply to limited supply, why does the income growth of migrant workers fall instead of rising?

"over the years, the wage income of migrant workers has experienced double-digit growth. In the first two years after entering the 12th five-year Plan, it still reached a growth rate of about 20%, and gradually declined after entering the middle and late stages, with an increase of 13.9% in 2013 and 9.8% in 2014." Yang Zhiming said that with the improvement of labor productivity, the wage income of migrant workers has moved from a substantial increase in the past to a steady growth.

Statistics from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Affairs show that the number of skilled workers accounts for only about 19% of the total number of employed people in the country, and the number of highly skilled personnel accounts for only 5%. The total number of skilled workers is seriously insufficient. From the perspective of the labor market, the recruitment rate of skilled workers (the ratio of the number of jobs to the number of job seekers) has been more than 1.5 ∶ 1, and that of senior technicians has reached more than 2 ∶ 1. The shortage of technicians is very prominent.

Use skills to promote employment

"under the new normal, migrant workers have entered the stage of using skills to promote employment. Do not master skills, migrant workers are often passers-by in the city; mastered skills, to solve the problem of migrant workers can be fully activated. " Yang Zhiming said.

Yang Zhiming believes that the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure calls for migrant workers to upgrade their skills. At present, the vocational skills and employment stability of migrant workers need to be further improved. Strengthening the skills training of migrant workers will not only be a strategic project for China's economic restructuring, but also an urgent task for migrant workers to adapt to the new normal and achieve stable employment.

"by 2020, the new generation of migrant workers will be able to receive employment skills training subsidized by the government. on average, the per capita subsidy will be 800 yuan, which can basically eliminate the unskilled employment of the newly growing labor force. as a whole, it can alleviate the structural contradiction of migrant workers' dilemma in employment and recruitment caused by lack of skills." Yang Zhiming said. In 2014, the Chinese government implemented a skills upgrading program for migrant workers, training 20 million migrant workers a year.

In addition, China will vigorously develop the tertiary industry, small and medium-sized enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises with large employment capacity of migrant workers, and implement supportive measures such as reducing taxes and fees to promote the continuous expansion of the employment scale of migrant workers. According to the statistics of the China National Service Industry Association, there are nearly 500000 enterprises and outlets in the family service industry across the country, with 20 million employees. The rapid development of e-commerce has driven the express industry and other new business type to absorb a large number of new generation of migrant workers for employment and entrepreneurship, and online stores, express delivery and other businesses to absorb millions of migrant workers for employment.

"at present, a new situation has emerged in the employment of migrant workers. After the training of working in cities, migrant workers who have some skills, capital, marketing channels, ability to run factories, and feelings for rural areas have returned home to start businesses. Now the number of migrant workers nationwide has reached about 2 million." Yang Zhiming said.