Analysis of Leech breeding Market in 2015

Hirudo is a traditional special medicinal aquatic animal in China. Leech contains hirudin, which can delay and hinder blood coagulation, so it has anticoagulant effect. After its dried products are processed and used in traditional Chinese medicine, it has the effects of treating stroke, hypertension, clearing blood stasis, amenorrhea, falling injury and so on. in recent years, the medical community has newly found that leech preparation has a special effect in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and anti-cancer. with the continuous reduction of resources and the continuous increase in demand, the market continues to rise in recent years, how its future market will develop, the author will briefly analyze for your reference.

First, the dosage of good curative effect has increased sharply.

Before the 1980s, leeches were mostly used in formulations, and the national annual demand was between 20 and 30 tons. Before the founding of the people's Republic of China, the amount of leeches used was even less, and the damage to leech resources was minimal. However, since the efficacy of leeches was continuously developed in 1989, the advent of new drugs has led to a 4-5-fold increase in the use of leeches. In the decade to 1999, the consumption of leeches was roughly between 100 and 150 tons, with about 500 adult leeches per kilogram of dry products. then hundreds of millions of leeches are caught for medical use every year. In 2000, the use of leeches increased by another 50 tons, and such a huge social demand naturally destroyed the resources of leeches.

Because of its good curative effect, people try their best to fish. With the increase of aging in our country, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases occur frequently, resulting in a continuous surge in the use of leeches. By the end of November 2014, the demand for export and domestic leeches was about 800 tons, mainly from Japan and South Korea, with an annual export volume of about 200 tons. The representatives of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises are Youbao Pharmaceutical in Heilongjiang and Buchang Group in Shanxi. Compared with the national demand of 200 tons in 2004, the current consumption has fully increased by 2-3 times. With such a rapid growth in demand, what are the wild resources of leeches at present? What about the development of family species? The author continues to analyze.

II. National output of leeches in the past two years

Although the content of wild leeches is higher than that of domestic leeches, the yield of wild leeches has decreased year by year in recent years, and its yield is very little. in addition, wild leeches are mostly used to breed and breed, and less leeches are processed into commercial leeches. at present, domestic leeches are beginning to take shape in China, and the supply share of domestic leeches is also increasing year by year. At present, the proportion of wild production in the country is estimated to be 10-20%. The proportion of domestic leeches is about 80-90%. In recent years, the production of wild leeches has shown a downward trend year by year, and the total wild production of leeches is no more than 50 tons. In normal years, the total production of wild and domestic leeches is about 600-700 tons, and the production of domestic leeches has been greatly reduced due to the weather in 2014. The conservative estimate is that the output is about 400-450 tons.

Third, the situation of domestic upbringing is not optimistic

1. The core problem of changing from wild to domestic has not been solved.

The above author also said that although leeches are mainly domesticated at present, the old and new producing areas of leeches are in full swing. But now it is still at the cost of consuming wild resources to maintain domestic production, really rely on domestic breeding, although feasible at present, but the technology is not mature. At present, domestic leeches can also breed small leeches, but the emergence rate is not as high as those in the wild. Both domestic leeches and wild leeches lay three eggs, but only one egg laid by domestic leeches can successfully hatch small leeches, with a quantity of about 30. The basic 3 eggs in the wild can be hatched, with a quantity of about 75. In other words, if the problem of domestic breeding of leeches can not be solved smoothly, domestic breeding of leeches will not be really successful.

two。 Weather factors have a great influence on output.

There is a big difference in production between 2013 and 2014, which is mainly due to the great difference in the weather during the two years of farming. Leeches need a suitable temperature during the growth period. Lesser Heat, Greater Heat, the Beginning of Autumn, the End of Heat and White Dew in July-September 2014 are mainly overcast and rainy weather throughout the country, with low temperature, which is not conducive to leech growth, death and short growth, etc. During this period, the temperature reached 38 ℃ less than 2-3 days, which seriously affected the normal growth of leeches, so the production decreased in 2014. This situation has basically occurred in leeches all over the country. In 2013, the average weight of leeches raised by farmers reached 31g, small more than 20 grams, big more than 40 grams, and the average weight in 2014 was only 22g. Death and small size are the direct causes of reduced production.

3. You need to be careful when selecting seeds.

Leeches have relatively stringent requirements on the living environment, and generally they must select local seedlings in order to survive. For example, the leech seedlings selected locally in Liyang, Jiangsu Province are basically local, and those from other places are basically difficult to survive because of differences in the growth environment. Seedlings from southern Jiangsu can be used in Zhejiang, but not from northern Jiangsu. Southern Anhui can also use southern Jiangsu. Therefore, this also increases the difficulty for large-scale development of aquaculture, after all, wild resources are already very limited.

4. Large investment and high risk

Breeding leeches is a high-input and high-risk industry, generally speaking, about 10-200000 leeches per mu of land, seedling prices follow the market, generally 0.20 yuan per mu. The feed cost for 4 months is about 7000-14000 yuan, the service life of the site is about 10 years, and the cost is about 400000 yuan. The labor cost is about 20, 000 yuan, the cost of changing water is 600 yuan, the cost of medicine is between 300 yuan and 400 yuan, and the cost of cleaning the site is between 2000 yuan and 3000 yuan. The yield of domestic leeches is about 115 kilograms per mu and the cost per kilogram is about 700 yuan. There are too many uncertain factors for breeding leeches, and the investment is high. If you are not careful, you will lose all your money. No matter how good the technology is, there is nothing you can do about it in weather like 2014.

5. Some of the details of farming

a. Factors affecting the drying rate of leeches

Domestic leeches generally start fishing after October 25, and end at the beginning of December. The drying rate of early fishing is 7:1, and that of late fishing is 6:1. When the weather is cool, it is easier for leeches to bask in the sun. In the four months from June to September, the drying rate of leeches is not good. It takes about 10 jin to dry 1 jin. Because the temperature is high and the water evaporates quickly, the quality of the goods exposed is not very good. It usually takes 3-4 days for leeches to dry. In summer, as in winter, leeches defecate and lose weight, but not in winter, so the shipment rate is higher in winter. Leeches generally begin to lay eggs from May 15 to early June in spring. the drying rate of non-spawning is 6:1 and that of spawning is 8:1.

b. Suitable temperature for the growth of leeches

At present, farmers basically buy wild ones to breed, and make seedlings from April 5 to April 28. The suitable temperature for leech growth is 38-40 ℃, and death will occur when it is higher than 42 ℃. The most suitable temperature for leech laying eggs is 18-23 ℃. The eggs are almost finished during the period of May 15-25, and the growth is the most prosperous in July-September. If the weather is abnormal during this period of time, the low temperature will directly affect the growth of leeches.

IV. Price forecast

To sum up, the wild resources of leeches are scarce and the domestic technology needs to be broken through. At present, the production of leeches is still consuming the scarce wild resources. Until there is an effective breakthrough in domestic technology, leeches will always be in a state of insufficient production. Even if there is a good breakthrough in domestic technology, in the face of high investment costs and such huge risks, it is difficult to participate in general farming without financial guarantee. The factors affecting the price reduction of leeches in the early autumn of 2014 are also due to the high cost of leech breeding. Most breeders raise leeches with loans. In order to alleviate the loan pressure, they have to sell at a low price, but they will never be lower than the breeding cost. The reduction in production of domestic leeches in 2014 and the use of most wild leeches as seedlings in spring 2015 directly led to a reduction in the supply of leeches, with the promulgation of the New Pharmacopoeia in 2015. Parallel imports of alum will be limited by certain demand, so the author conservatively estimates that leeches will continue to rise in 2015, and there is a possibility of a breakthrough in history.

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