Super Rice 20 years Yuan Longping Rice Sleeping

Original title: look at Super Rice after 20 years

Super rice

In 1996, the Ministry of Agriculture launched the "China Super Rice breeding Program" and began to implement the new super rice variety breeding and demonstration extension project in 2005. Over the past 20 years, super rice has repeatedly set a new record for high yield of rice, which has made a great contribution to ensuring the food security of our country. However, the failure of rice harvest in Anhui last year has raised some questions about super rice.

In the survey, the reporter found that while the public paid close attention to "super rice", there were misunderstandings. To this end, the reporter conducted an in-depth interview and comprehensively declassified Chinese super rice.

Question

Is high-yielding rice equal to super rice? Is Anhui no-harvest rice a super rice variety?

Response: high yield is not equal to super. Super rice is the "top student" of rice, which cannot be named without the confirmation of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Super rice, super hybrid rice, super rice, all kinds of different theories, which is the most accurate?

"Super rice varieties refer to new rice varieties bred by special technical routes, which are much higher in yield than ordinary rice varieties, and take into account both quality and resistance." Cheng Shihua, director of the China Rice Research Institute, explained, "Super rice, super hybrid rice and other terms are not accurate. The only authentic term is' super rice'."

Cheng Shihua told reporters that the no-harvest rice that occurred in Anhui last year was not a super rice variety. "High-yielding rice is not equal to super rice. Only when it meets the requirements of high yield, high quality, resistance and wide adaptability can super rice be recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture. All other rice in the name of super rice is not authentic. The rice varieties that were not harvested in Anhui have not been examined and confirmed by the Ministry of Agriculture. "

In order to become a super rice variety, there is a set of strict procedures. First of all, the approved rice variety has gone through a 100 mu yield test, and then the Ministry of Agriculture has organized experts to evaluate it. It has reached the yield, quality, resistance and other indicators stipulated in the "Super Rice Variety confirmation measures", and it can be called super rice only after it has been released by the Ministry of Agriculture.

Since 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture has launched the project of "breeding and demonstration of New Super Rice varieties". After 10 years of cultivation, a total of 146 super rice varieties have been identified in China, of which 28 have dropped out of the name. at present, 118 varieties have been popularized and applied in actual production.

In the impression of many people, super rice seems to be high-yielding hybrid rice, which is also wrong. Super rice varieties include both indica rice and japonica rice, conventional rice and hybrid rice. As long as the requirements of super rice evaluation are met, all kinds of rice types are not excluded. Among the existing super rice in China, conventional rice accounts for 45% and hybrid rice accounts for 55%.

Wang Cailin, director of the Food crops Research Institute of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has been engaged in super rice breeding for many years. He describes super rice as the "top student" of rice varieties, while the identification of super rice varieties is equivalent to the "college entrance examination" of rice varieties.

Question

Is super rice high in water, fertilizer and medicine that is not environmentally friendly? Is the investment in growing super rice very large?

Response: according to the input-output ratio, there is no difference between super rice and ordinary rice in the input of water and fertilizer.

Compared with ordinary rice, the yield of super rice is amazing, which is also questioned by people: is the high yield irrigated by high water, high fertilizer and high medicine? Han Hongchang, a 52-year-old farmer from he Heng Village, Shen Gao Zhen, Jiangyan District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, does not agree with this view.

"if we were really high in investment, we would have given up planting long ago." The more than 400 mu of land contracted and transferred by Han Hongchang has basically planted super rice. He explained to reporters that from the point of view of the growing period, the super rice varieties he planted were sown in May and harvested in October, and the time was right; technically, they were no different from ordinary rice; and they were similar in investment.

The Yingtai Agricultural Machinery Farmers' specialized Cooperative in Datun Town, Zhenlai County, Baicheng City, Jilin Province has planted 3000 mu of super rice, which is the sixth year, with an average yield of 700kg per mu. Ren Zhiguo, chairman of the board, told reporters: "Super rice has high yield, good disease resistance, matching technology, low investment and good seed."

"it is unscientific to say that super rice is irrigated with high water and high fertilizer." Zhu Defeng, a researcher at the China Rice Research Institute, believes that due to the differences in the characteristics of the growth and yield formation of super rice varieties, different types of super rice cultivated in different areas have different requirements for supporting technology. therefore, there will be differences in investment in links such as water fertilization and pesticide application, which cannot be generalized.

"to calculate the input of water, fertilizer and medicine for super rice, scientifically speaking, it is necessary to calculate the unit efficiency and the input-output ratio." Cheng Shihua said, for example, that the two rice varieties with a yield of 500 kg and 800 kg definitely need to invest different water and fertilizer drugs. In terms of absolute input, the yield of 800 kg of rice will certainly be higher than that of 500 kg of rice. "We should calculate the input of water and fertilizer drugs needed for every 100 kilograms of output and make a comparison between varieties. The water and fertilizer input of super rice varieties is not much different from that of ordinary rice, and some of them are even less. " Cheng Shihua said.

Question

Does super rice only pursue high yield but not quality? Are farmers increasing production without increasing income?

Response: Super rice varieties are not only high-yield, but also high-quality, helping farmers to increase production and income

"what can become super rice is basically high-quality rice that meets the requirements of popularization. It's just that the grade of rice is different, and the palatability is different. " Xie Huaan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and former president of the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told reporters that it is not scientific to think that super rice has only high yield but no quality.

Since the 1990s, super rice varieties have been cultivated in China. In order to ensure national food security, high yield was regarded as the primary characteristic at that time. In recent years, with the improvement of rice quality, breeders put high quality and high yield in the same important position, which greatly improves the quality of super rice and conventional japonica rice. At present, more than 50% of the super rice varieties in China meet the requirements of high quality, and the others are also in the upper-middle level.

"Nanjing 9108" bred by Wang Cailin is a super rice variety with high yield and high quality. as soon as it was published in 2013, it won the first prize in the national evaluation of good taste japonica rice. Today, the planting area in Jiangsu has reached 200000 mu.

"Nanjing 9108" is the main variety in the 600mu rice field of Li Dejian, a farmer in Diaoyu Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province. Lao Li said that the yield of "Nanjing 9108" can reach 800kg per mu, and when the rice is processed into rice, it can be sold for 6 yuan per jin. "planting super rice not only produces more grain than ordinary people, but also produces more rice than ordinary varieties, and the rice quality is also good."

Super rice with high yield and high quality has also been recognized by the market. The price of grain has fallen this year, and many farmers are worried that the grain purchasing department will not buy it, but Han Hongchang, who grows "Nanjing 9108", is not worried at all and sells it at a higher price. A rice enterprise in Shanghai went to Yancheng to buy "Nanjing 9108", which was 30.5 points higher than the protective price, and an enterprise in Lianyungang even offered a purchase price of 2 yuan per jin.

It is generally believed that northeast rice is delicious, but in fact, a lot of northeast rice is also made from super rice. At present, the planting proportion of super rice in Northeast China is nearly 1x3, of which the planting area of super rice variety "Longjing 31" has exceeded 17 million mu, setting a record for the highest application of a single rice variety. "the taste requirements for rice vary from place to place, and personal preferences vary, but on the whole, the quality of super rice can meet the needs of public consumption." Cheng Shihua said.