The planting revolution simplifies "happy planting" and has great advantages.

Original title: a revolution of "light simplification" of planting is under way-- see how Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences makes farmers realize "happy planting"

No-tillage planter for deep loosening in fixed channel

Schematic diagram of the principle of no-tillage planter for deep loosening in fixed channel

Schematic diagram of the principle of no-tillage planter for deep loosening in fixed channel

With the massive transfer of rural labor force, "who will farm the land" and "how to farm the land" has become an urgent problem to be solved. In the final analysis, farming depends on science and technology. In recent years, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has made important breakthroughs in the research on the key technologies of high-yield creation and agronomic integration of agricultural machinery, and a number of light and simplified cultivation techniques that save labor, labor, cost and efficiency have emerged, enabling farmers to achieve "happy planting".

Clothing: light and simplified cotton planting labor reduced by 3x4

In the middle and late October of this year, in the demonstration base of high-yield and simplified cultivation techniques for 60 mu of saline-alkali land located in Nonggao District of Dongying City, a large cotton picker galloped through it, and the cotton wool with white flowers was harvested. In the past, it was difficult to hire workers for hard work like flower harvesting.

"harvesting is the last link in the cotton planting process, and it is also the most difficult link to achieve mechanization." Dong Hezhong, director of the Cotton Research Center of the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said: in the past, cotton had to go through more than 40 processes from planting to harvest, and at least 25 workers per mu of cotton field were needed. Now, after realizing the whole process of mechanization, sowing, spraying herbicides, and mulching with plastic film are completed at one time. After emergence, there are no seedlings, adventitious seedlings, simplified pruning, one-time fertilization, cotton picker flowers, and labor has been reduced to about 6.

Shandong is the second largest province of cotton production and the largest province of raw cotton consumption after the government. For a long time, cotton, as the main cash crop, is one of the important sources of increasing farmers' income. the largest cotton planting area in the province reached 25.6 million mu. However, there is a lot of labor in traditional cotton planting. In recent years, due to the reduction of cotton planting efficiency, the cotton area has declined for seven consecutive years since 2008, and there are only 7.5 million mu of cotton planting left in the province as of 2015.

"under the premise of ensuring that the output will not be reduced, reducing labor is an inevitable requirement for the development of the cotton industry." Dong Hezhong has a deep understanding of "light simplification": "light" means using machinery instead of labor to reduce labor intensity; "simplicity" means reducing operation links and times and simplifying management; and "transformation" means the organic integration of agricultural mechanization and agronomy. promote the sustainable development of crop production.

On November 14, 2015, two local standards, "Technical regulations for Light simplified cultivation of Cotton" and "Technical regulations for Agronomic Cotton picking by Machine", compiled by Shandong Cotton Research Center, were approved by Shandong Agricultural Standardization Technical Committee.

Food: wheat "two deep and one shallow" simplified cultivation to save cost and increase efficiency by 200 yuan per mu

On October 15, in Xiaokangsi Village, Matou Town, Dongming County, Heze City, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences held a sowing observation meeting of wheat "two deep and one shallow" light simplified cultivation techniques. In 600 mu of farmland covered with corn meal straw, more than 20 wheat planters began demonstration operation. Cultivated land, sowing, fertilization, suppression, one fell swoop. The onlookers came forward one after another to pick up the soil layer to check the sowing quality, and it was an eye-opener that so many operating procedures could be completed at one time.

Nowadays, in the face of the pressure of low food prices in the world, how can China's grain be competitive? Relying on science and technology to save costs and increase efficiency is undoubtedly the most effective means. Reducing the cost of growing grain and improving the efficiency of growing grain is the main focus of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in recent years, and the integrated innovation technology of wheat "two deep and one shallow" was born.

"two depths" refers to the deep loosening operation to break the bottom of the plough and deep fertilization to improve fertilizer use efficiency. "one shallow" refers to appropriate shallow sowing to ensure the sowing quality of wheat and to cultivate strong seedlings. Compared with traditional technology, sowing per mu is reduced by half to 15 per cent per mu to 20 jin, fertilization is reduced by 15 per cent and 20 per cent, but wheat production is increased by about 10 per cent. According to Wang Fahong, an expert on wheat cultivation in the national industrial technology system and a researcher at the crop Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, due to reducing operating procedures, saving seeds and chemical fertilizers, and increasing unit yield, it is about 200 yuan per mu to save cost and increase efficiency.

"at present, excessive sowing and fertilization are common in wheat production, and successive years of rotary tillage has led to the shallower of the plough layer of the soil and the decrease of the capacity of storing water and moisture. In view of these factors that restrict the improvement of yield, we have improved cultivation techniques and mechanical research and development. Innovation integrates this set of wheat cultivation techniques with light simplification and high efficiency." Wang Fahong further explained.

The introduction of wheat "two deep and one shallow" simplified cultivation techniques, from the planting point to try to see the promotion of 10,000 mu, Ma Guoxing, chairman of the Maifeng wheat planting professional cooperative in Dongming County, tasted the sweetness of science and technology. "in the first year, I bought a seeder and planted 150 mu; last year, I bought 10 more and planted 13000 mu; this year, our cooperative bought 25, and we want to plant 26000 mu! This technology has enabled me to increase my income by an average of 100 jin per mu of land and save 70 RMB80 in operating cost.According to the lowest purchase price of wheat in 2016 just announced, it can save 5 million yuan in cost and increase efficiency. "

It is this "fixed road deep pine layer fertilization no-tillage planter" that has made great contributions to chairman Ma Guoxing. The seeder is jointly developed by the crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Shandong Agricultural Machinery Technology extension Station, and the sowing speed is up to 15 mu per hour. the seedling belt rotary ploughing, vibration deep loosening, fertilizer stratification, concentrated deep application, double-row sowing and post-sowing suppression were completed at one time. "if a new technology is to be popularized on a large scale, the key is to realize the agronomic integration of agricultural machinery." Wang Fahong has deep feelings.